Humanity’s Children: ICC Jurisprudence and the Failure to Address the Genocidal Forcible Transfer of Children PDF
Preview Humanity’s Children: ICC Jurisprudence and the Failure to Address the Genocidal Forcible Transfer of Children
Humanity’s Children . Sonja C. Grover Humanity’s Children ICC Jurisprudence and the Failure to Address the Genocidal Forcible Transfer of Children SonjaC.Grover FacultyofEducation LakeheadUniversity ThunderBay Canada ISBN978-3-642-32500-7 ISBN978-3-642-32501-4(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-32501-4 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012952298 #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) This book is dedicated with great respect and love to the memory of my parents GinaandDavidGazanandthatofmybrother AlbertGazan.Itisofferedinthehopesthatin some small way it may lead to the assistance of surviving direct and indirect victims of the ‘genocidal forcible transfer of children’ and contributetobothpreventionandprosecution of this grave international crime. . Acknowledgments My sincere thanks is extended to Dr. Brigitte Reschke, executive editor of law for Springer for her expert advice and support of this book project and to the anonymous reviewer for the encouraging words. I also extend my appreciation toAnkeSeyfriedandManuelaSchweitzerfortheirtechnicalassistanceandtothe entire Springer production team especially Mrs. R. Krithika; project manager for theirexcellentwork.Asalways,Iacknowledgetheloveandsupportofmyhusband RoshananddaughterAngelinewhoseemtomakeallthingspossible. vii . Contents PartI Introduction 1 ReconsideringtheLegalConceptsofGenocideandthe‘Genocidal ForcibleTransferofChildren’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 ChildrenasTargetsofGenocide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 GenocideasaSeparateCategoryofGrave InternationalCrime. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 9 1.3 Childrenasa‘ProtectedGroup’:Implicationsfor OurUnderstandingof‘ProtectedGroup’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.1 TheGenocidalForcibleTransferofChildren andChildrenasa‘ProtectedGroup’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.4 AdditionalPointsRegarding‘ProtectedGroups’. .. . . . .. . . . .. 20 1.5 ‘RestrictiveInterpretation’ofGenocideProvisions: ImplicationsfortheNotionofChildrenasPersons. . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.5.1 RestrictiveInterpretationThatFavourstheIntention ofthePartiesVersusWhatIsExpressedinText. . . . . . . 24 1.6 Foreseeability,PerpetratorAccountability andRomeStatuteArticle6(e). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.6.1 TheNullumCrimenPrincipleandtheGenocidal ForcibleTransferofChildrentoanArmed GrouporForce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.6.2 EvolvingConceptionsofWhatConstitutes aProtectedGroup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1.7 TheRomeStatuteArticle6ProtectedGroup “AsSuch”Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.7.1 ‘ForcibleDisplacement’vs.‘GenocidalForcible TransferofChildren’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1.7.2 Genocide’sSpecialTargetsandtheDestruction ofFutureGenerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Literature,MaterialsandSituations/Cases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ix
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