Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas

364 Pages·2003·1.75 MB·English

by  J. L. Holzgrefe

This page intentionally left blank
HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION
Ethical,Legal,andPoliticalDilemmas
“The genocide in Rwanda showed us how terrible the consequences of
inaction can be in the face of mass murder. But the conflict in Kosovo
raisedequallyimportantquestionsabouttheconsequencesofactionwith-
outinternationalconsensusandclearlegalauthority.Ontheonehand,isit
legitimateforaregionalorganizationtouseforcewithoutaUNmandate?
On the other, is it permissible to let gross and systematic violations of
human rights, with grave humanitarian consequences, continue un-
checked?” (United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, September
1999). This book is a comprehensive, integrated discussion of “the
dilemma” of humanitarian intervention. Written by leading analysts of
internationalpolitics,ethics,andlaw,itseeks,amongotherthings,toiden-
tifystrategiesthatmay,ifnotresolve,atleastreducethecurrenttension
betweenhumanrightsandstatesovereignty.Thisvolumeisaninvaluable
contributiontothedebateonthisvitalglobalissue.
j. l. holzgrefe is a Visiting Research Scholar in the Department of
PoliticalScience,DukeUniversity.HeisaformerLecturerinInternational
RelationsattheUniversityofSt.Andrews,Scotlandandvisitingscholarat
theCenterofInternationalStudies,PrincetonUniversity.
robert o. keohane is James B. Duke Professor of Political Science,
Duke University. His publications include the award-winning After
Hegemony:CooperationandDiscordintheWorldPoliticalEconomy(1984),
andPowerandGovernanceinaPartiallyGlobalizedWorld(2002).

HUMANITARIAN
INTERVENTION
Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas
Edited by
J. L. HOLZGREFE
AND ROBERT O. KEOHANE
CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521821988
© Cambridge University Press 2003
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2003
ISBN-13 978-0-511-33746-8 eBook (EBL)
ISBN-10 0-511-33746-9 eBook (EBL)
ISBN-13 978-0-521-82198-8 hardback
ISBN-10 0-521-82198-3 hardback
ISBN-13 978-0-521-52928-0 paperback
ISBN-10 0-521-52928-X paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
CONTENTS
Listofcontributors pagevii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction 1
robert o. keohane
parti Thecontextforhumanitarianintervention 13
1 Thehumanitarianinterventiondebate 15
j. l. holzgrefe
2 Humanitarianinterventionbeforeandafter9/11:legality
andlegitimacy 53
tom j. farer
partii Theethicsofhumanitarianintervention 91
3 Theliberalcaseforhumanitarianintervention 93
fernando r. teso´n
4 Reformingtheinternationallawofhumanitarian
intervention 130
allen buchanan
v
vi contents
partiii Lawandhumanitarianintervention 175
5 Changingtherulesaboutrules?Unilateralhumanitarian
interventionandthefutureofinternationallaw 177
michael byers and simon chesterman
6 Interpretationandchangeinthelawofhumanitarian
intervention 204
thomas m. franck
7 Rethinkinghumanitarianintervention:thecase
forincrementalchange 232
jane stromseth
partiv Thepoliticsofhumanitarianintervention 273
8 Politicalauthorityafterintervention:gradations
insovereignty 275
robert o. keohane
9 Statefailureandnation-building 299
michael ignatieff
SelectEnglishlanguagebibliography 322
Index 336
CONTRIBUTORS
AllenBuchanan is Professor of Public Policy and of Philosophy at Duke
University. He has authored numerous books and articles in the fields of
ethics and bioethics as well as the following works on political philos-
ophy: Marx and Justice (Rowman & Littlefield, 1982); Ethics, Efficiency,
and the Market (Rowman & Allenheld, 1985); Secession: The Morality
of Political Divorce (Westview Press, 1991); and Justice, Legitimacy, and
Self-determination:MoralFoundationsforInternationalLaw(forthcoming,
2003).
Michael Byers is Associate Professor of Law at Duke University. He was
recently the Peter North Visiting Fellow at Keble College and the Centre
for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford University. He is the author of Custom,
Power and the Power of Rules (Cambridge University Press, 1999), editor
ofTheRoleofLawinInternationalPolitics(OxfordUniversityPress,2000)
andtranslatorofWilhelmGrewe,TheEpochsofInternationalLaw(Walter
de Gruyter, 2000). He is a regular contributor to the London Review of
Books.
Simon Chesterman is a Research Associate at the International Peace
Academy, where he directs the project on Transitional Administrations.
He is the author of Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention
and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2001) and the editor of
Civilians in War (Lynne Rienner, 2001). Before joining the International
Peace Academy, he worked for the Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and at the International
CriminalTribunalforRwanda.
Tom Farer, a former president of the University of New Mexico and
the Inter-American Human Rights Commission, is currently Dean of the
GraduateSchoolofInternationalStudiesattheUniversityofDenverand
vii
viii list of contributors
Director of its Center for China–United States Cooperation. He is an
honorary professor at Peking University and a member of the editorial
boardsoftheAmericanJournalofInternationalLawandtheHumanRights
Quarterly. A former fellow of the Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Smithsonian’s Wilson
Center, he has served as special assistant to the General Counsel of the
Department of Defense and to the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-
American Affairs. His most recent book is Transnational Crime in the
Americas(Routledge,1999).
ThomasM.FranckisMurryandIdaBeckerProfessorofLawandDirector
oftheCenterforInternationalStudiesatNewYorkUniversityLawSchool.
Heistheauthorofnumerousbooksandarticlesoninternationalandcom-
parativelaw,andteachesinbothfields.Hismostrecentwork,Recourseto
Force:StateActionAgainstThreatsandArmedAttacks,willbepublishedby
Cambridge University Press in 2003. He has also acted as legal adviser or
counsel to many governments, including Kenya, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Greece, and Cyprus. As an advocate before the International Court of
Justice, he has successfully represented Chad and recently represented
Bosnia in a suit brought against Yugoslavia under the Genocide Conven-
tion.ProfessorFranckcurrentlyservesasajudgeadhocattheInternational
CourtofJustice.
J.L.HolzgrefeisaVisitingResearchScholarintheDepartmentofPolitical
Science, Duke University. He is a former Lecturer in International Rela-
tionsattheUniversityofSt.Andrews,Scotlandandvisitingscholaratthe
Center of International Studies, Princeton University, the Center for
InternationalAffairs,HarvardUniversity,andelsewhere.Hewaseducated
at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia and Balliol College, Oxford
University,England.Hehaspublishedonthehistoryofinternationalrela-
tionsthought.
Michael Ignatieff is Carr Professor of the Practice of Human Rights at
the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He served as a
member of the Independent International Commission on Kosovo and
theInternationalCommissiononSovereigntyandInterventionandisthe
author of a trilogy of books on ethnic war and intervention, as well as a
biographyofIsaiahBerlin.HismostrecentbookisHumanRightsasPolitics
andIdolatry (PrincetonUniversityPress,2001).