Human sexuality

745 Pages·223.618 MB·English

by  Levay, Simon, Baldwin, Janice I

Human Sexuality
FOURTH EDITION
Companion Website
Available free of charge
,
this invaluable online companion includes a complete electronic study
guide, along with animations, activities, quizzes, and other resources,
all of which can help you learn the material quickly and eff ectively.
sites.sinauer.com/levay4e
The intuitive interface

provides easy access to a rich array of content via chapter outlines.
A comprehensive set of
study questions
covers the full
range of content in every chapter.
Animations
Each question is referenced to a
clearly explain important concepts
textbook section for further study.
and processes in easy-to-follow
narratives.
Additional features:
Drag-and-drop labeling
Learning Objectives –
A set
activities
and dynamic step-by-
of learning objectives in the form
step illustrations simplify complex
of short-answer questions helps
concepts and reinforce terminology.
you focus on the important topics
in each chapter.
Quizzes –
Multiple choice
quizzes allow you to test your
comprehension of each chapter.
Essay questions help you
synthesize and apply the facts
and concepts you have learned.
(Instructors must register in order
for their students to be able to take
the quizzes.)
Web Topics –
Additional
readings on more advanced topics
that may be assigned by your
instructor.
In addition,
the website
includes Flashcards, Key Terms, and
a set of Web Links for each chapter,
as well as a complete Glossary.
Web Activities and Topics
The following activities and topics are available on
the Human Sexuality Companion Website. Page numbers
indicate where in the textbook each is referenced.
WEB ACTIVITIES WEB ACTIVITIES WEB TOPICS
2.1 Mitosis 32 6.1 Fertilization and Production 5.1 Steroid Receptors Control
2.2 Mitosis Time-Lapse Video 32 of the Conceptus 155 Gene Expression 125
2.3 Meiosis 32 6.2 Development of the Male and 5.2 Mechanism of Action of
2.4 Diff erences and Similarities Female Reproductive GnRH and Other Protein/
between Meiosis and Tracts 163 Peptide Hormones 126
Mitosis 32 6.3 Hormonal Control of 5.3 Coupling between
2.5 Paternity Testing 49 Puberty 182 Androgen Secretion and
6.4 Development of Sexual Spermatogenesis 129
3.1 The Vulva 60 Dimorphism (in Web 5.4 Testosterone Conversion to
3.2 Internal Anatomy of the Topic 6.3) Estradiol 130
Vulva 63 5.5 Ovulation and the Brain 140
3.3 The Female Reproductive 10.1 Sternberg’s Seven Types of 5.6 Drugs Related to Sex
Tract, Part 1 68 Love 301 Hormones 148
3.4 The Female Reproductive 10.2 Defi nitions of Sexual
Tract, Part 2 68 Relationships N/A 6.1 The Meaning of
3.5 The Pap Test 72 “Normal” 153
3.6 Internal Structure of the 11.1 How a Home Pregnancy Test 6.2 Principles of Embryonic
Lactating Breast 77 Works 320 Development 157
11.2 Standard In Vitro 6.3 Sexual Dimorphism Can Arise
4.1 The Male External Fertilization 324 as an Indirect Eff ect of
Genitalia 88 11.3 The Uterine Contractions of Hormonal Levels 171
4.2 Internal Structure of the Erect Labor 343 6.4 Organizational and
Penis and the Urethra 91 Activational Eff ects of
4.3 The Male Reproductive 12.1 Vasectomy 382 Hormones on the Brain 174
Tract 94 12.2 Tubal Sterilization 383
4.4 The Scrotum and Its 7.1 Measuring Sex
Contents 95 17.1 Milestones in the Global HIV/ Diff erences 194
4.5 Internal Structure of the AIDS Pandemic 564
Testis and Epididymis 96 17.2 HIV’s Replication Cycle 566 11.1 Using Basal Body Temperate
4.6 Anatomy of the Prostate 101 17.3 Why Is AIDS So Deadly? 568 to Track Ovulation 321
4.7 The Mechanism of Penile (or
Clitoral) Erection 108 14.1 The Categorical Perception
of Sex May Infl uence Sexual
5.1 Hypothalamic–Pituitary– Orientation 454
Endocrine Axis 129
5.2 Ovarian and Uterine 16.1 Anxiety and Erectile
Cycles 137 Dysfunction 525
5.3 Main Processes of the
Menstrual Cycle 139
5.4 The Reproductive Years 143
5.5 Mode of Action of Protein
and Peptide Hormones
(in Web Topic 5.2)
5.6 How Drugs Interact with
Hormones (in Web Topic 5.6)
Human
Sexuality
FOURTH EDITION

Human
Sexuality
FFOOUURRTTHH EEDDIITTIIOONN
SIMON LEVAY • JANICE BALDWIN
Sinauer Associates, Inc. • Publishers
Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A
The Cover
Fiddleheads, a watercolor by Joanne Delphia (www.jdelphia.com), interprets the
inevitable evolution of attraction between new lovers.
Human Sexuality, FOURTH EDITION
Copyright © 2012 by Sinauer Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part without
permission from the publisher. For information or to order, address:
Sinauer Associates
23 Plumtree Road
Sunderland, MA 01375 U.S.A.
E-mail: [email protected]
Internet: www.sinauer.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
LeVay, Simon.
Human sexuality / Simon LeVay Janice Baldwin. -- 4th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-87893-570-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Sex (Psychology) 2. Sex (Biology) 3. Sex--Social aspects. 4. Sexual disorders. I.
Baldwin, Janice I. II. Title.
BF692.L48 2012
306.7--dc23
2011037889
5 4 3 2 1
About the Authors
SIMON LEVAYis a British-born neuroscientist turned science writer and teacher. He
was educated at Cambridge University and the University of Göttingen, Germany. In
1971, he moved to the United States. He has served on the faculty of Harvard Medi-
cal School and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and has taught at Harvard,
the University of California, and Stanford University. LeVay has authored over 40
scientific studies; the best known of these is a 1991 report in Science that described a
difference in brain structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. This study
helped spark a wealth of new research on the biology of sexual orientation. LeVay is
the author or coauthor of ten books, some in the area of human sexuality and others
on a broader range of scientific topics. His most recent book is Gay, Straight, and the
Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation (Oxford University Press, 2010).
JANICE BALDWIN is a sociologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
She is coauthor, with her husband John Baldwin, of numerous studies and articles
in the area of sexuality and sex education, as well as the textbook Behavior Principles
in Everyday Life, now in its fourth edition. The Baldwins co-teach an undergraduate
Human Sexuality course that is regularly voted Best Course at UCSB. They also teach
an advanced seminar course on the same subject. The Baldwins have been named as
Best Professsors on several occasions.
Brief Contents
CHAPTER ONE Sexuality: Pathways to Understanding 3
CHAPTER TWO Sex and Evolution 29
CHAPTER THREE Women’s Bodies 59
CHAPTER FOUR Men’s Bodies 87
CHAPTER FIVE Sex Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle 119
CHAPTER SIX Sexual Development 153
CHAPTER SEVEN Gender 191
CHAPTER EIGHT Attraction, Arousal, and Response 219
CHAPTER NINE Sexual Behavior 251
CHAPTER TEN Sexual Relationships 283
CHAPTER ELEVEN Fertility, Pregnancy, and Childbirth 319
CHAPTER TWELVE Contraception and Abortion 357
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Sexuality across the Life Span 399
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Sexual Orientation 447
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Atypical Sexuality 483
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Sexual Disorders 517
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Sexually Transmitted Diseases 545
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Sexual Assault, Harassment, and Partner Violence 579
CHAPTER NINETEEN Sex as a Commodity 607