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Human sexuality PDF

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Human Sexuality FOURTH EDITION Companion Website Available free of charge , this invaluable online companion includes a complete electronic study guide, along with animations, activities, quizzes, and other resources, all of which can help you learn the material quickly and eff ectively. sites.sinauer.com/levay4e The intuitive interface provides easy access to a rich array of content via chapter outlines. A comprehensive set of study questions covers the full range of content in every chapter. Animations Each question is referenced to a clearly explain important concepts textbook section for further study. and processes in easy-to-follow narratives. Additional features: Drag-and-drop labeling Learning Objectives – A set activities and dynamic step-by- of learning objectives in the form step illustrations simplify complex of short-answer questions helps concepts and reinforce terminology. you focus on the important topics in each chapter. Quizzes – Multiple choice quizzes allow you to test your comprehension of each chapter. Essay questions help you synthesize and apply the facts and concepts you have learned. (Instructors must register in order for their students to be able to take the quizzes.) Web Topics – Additional readings on more advanced topics that may be assigned by your instructor. In addition, the website includes Flashcards, Key Terms, and a set of Web Links for each chapter, as well as a complete Glossary. Web Activities and Topics The following activities and topics are available on the Human Sexuality Companion Website. Page numbers indicate where in the textbook each is referenced. WEB ACTIVITIES WEB ACTIVITIES WEB TOPICS 2.1 Mitosis 32 6.1 Fertilization and Production 5.1 Steroid Receptors Control 2.2 Mitosis Time-Lapse Video 32 of the Conceptus 155 Gene Expression 125 2.3 Meiosis 32 6.2 Development of the Male and 5.2 Mechanism of Action of 2.4 Diff erences and Similarities Female Reproductive GnRH and Other Protein/ between Meiosis and Tracts 163 Peptide Hormones 126 Mitosis 32 6.3 Hormonal Control of 5.3 Coupling between 2.5 Paternity Testing 49 Puberty 182 Androgen Secretion and 6.4 Development of Sexual Spermatogenesis 129 3.1 The Vulva 60 Dimorphism (in Web 5.4 Testosterone Conversion to 3.2 Internal Anatomy of the Topic 6.3) Estradiol 130 Vulva 63 5.5 Ovulation and the Brain 140 3.3 The Female Reproductive 10.1 Sternberg’s Seven Types of 5.6 Drugs Related to Sex Tract, Part 1 68 Love 301 Hormones 148 3.4 The Female Reproductive 10.2 Defi nitions of Sexual Tract, Part 2 68 Relationships N/A 6.1 The Meaning of 3.5 The Pap Test 72 “Normal” 153 3.6 Internal Structure of the 11.1 How a Home Pregnancy Test 6.2 Principles of Embryonic Lactating Breast 77 Works 320 Development 157 11.2 Standard In Vitro 6.3 Sexual Dimorphism Can Arise 4.1 The Male External Fertilization 324 as an Indirect Eff ect of Genitalia 88 11.3 The Uterine Contractions of Hormonal Levels 171 4.2 Internal Structure of the Erect Labor 343 6.4 Organizational and Penis and the Urethra 91 Activational Eff ects of 4.3 The Male Reproductive 12.1 Vasectomy 382 Hormones on the Brain 174 Tract 94 12.2 Tubal Sterilization 383 4.4 The Scrotum and Its 7.1 Measuring Sex Contents 95 17.1 Milestones in the Global HIV/ Diff erences 194 4.5 Internal Structure of the AIDS Pandemic 564 Testis and Epididymis 96 17.2 HIV’s Replication Cycle 566 11.1 Using Basal Body Temperate 4.6 Anatomy of the Prostate 101 17.3 Why Is AIDS So Deadly? 568 to Track Ovulation 321 4.7 The Mechanism of Penile (or Clitoral) Erection 108 14.1 The Categorical Perception of Sex May Infl uence Sexual 5.1 Hypothalamic–Pituitary– Orientation 454 Endocrine Axis 129 5.2 Ovarian and Uterine 16.1 Anxiety and Erectile Cycles 137 Dysfunction 525 5.3 Main Processes of the Menstrual Cycle 139 5.4 The Reproductive Years 143 5.5 Mode of Action of Protein and Peptide Hormones (in Web Topic 5.2) 5.6 How Drugs Interact with Hormones (in Web Topic 5.6) Human Sexuality FOURTH EDITION Human Sexuality FFOOUURRTTHH EEDDIITTIIOONN SIMON LEVAY • JANICE BALDWIN Sinauer Associates, Inc. • Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A The Cover Fiddleheads, a watercolor by Joanne Delphia (www.jdelphia.com), interprets the inevitable evolution of attraction between new lovers. Human Sexuality, FOURTH EDITION Copyright © 2012 by Sinauer Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part without permission from the publisher. For information or to order, address: Sinauer Associates 23 Plumtree Road Sunderland, MA 01375 U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.sinauer.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data LeVay, Simon. Human sexuality / Simon LeVay Janice Baldwin. -- 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87893-570-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Sex (Psychology) 2. Sex (Biology) 3. Sex--Social aspects. 4. Sexual disorders. I. Baldwin, Janice I. II. Title. BF692.L48 2012 306.7--dc23 2011037889 5 4 3 2 1 About the Authors SIMON LEVAYis a British-born neuroscientist turned science writer and teacher. He was educated at Cambridge University and the University of Göttingen, Germany. In 1971, he moved to the United States. He has served on the faculty of Harvard Medi- cal School and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and has taught at Harvard, the University of California, and Stanford University. LeVay has authored over 40 scientific studies; the best known of these is a 1991 report in Science that described a difference in brain structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. This study helped spark a wealth of new research on the biology of sexual orientation. LeVay is the author or coauthor of ten books, some in the area of human sexuality and others on a broader range of scientific topics. His most recent book is Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation (Oxford University Press, 2010). JANICE BALDWIN is a sociologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is coauthor, with her husband John Baldwin, of numerous studies and articles in the area of sexuality and sex education, as well as the textbook Behavior Principles in Everyday Life, now in its fourth edition. The Baldwins co-teach an undergraduate Human Sexuality course that is regularly voted Best Course at UCSB. They also teach an advanced seminar course on the same subject. The Baldwins have been named as Best Professsors on several occasions. Brief Contents CHAPTER ONE Sexuality: Pathways to Understanding 3 CHAPTER TWO Sex and Evolution 29 CHAPTER THREE Women’s Bodies 59 CHAPTER FOUR Men’s Bodies 87 CHAPTER FIVE Sex Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle 119 CHAPTER SIX Sexual Development 153 CHAPTER SEVEN Gender 191 CHAPTER EIGHT Attraction, Arousal, and Response 219 CHAPTER NINE Sexual Behavior 251 CHAPTER TEN Sexual Relationships 283 CHAPTER ELEVEN Fertility, Pregnancy, and Childbirth 319 CHAPTER TWELVE Contraception and Abortion 357 CHAPTER THIRTEEN Sexuality across the Life Span 399 CHAPTER FOURTEEN Sexual Orientation 447 CHAPTER FIFTEEN Atypical Sexuality 483 CHAPTER SIXTEEN Sexual Disorders 517 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Sexually Transmitted Diseases 545 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Sexual Assault, Harassment, and Partner Violence 579 CHAPTER NINETEEN Sex as a Commodity 607

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