Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence: The Wars of Independence in Kenya and Algeria PDF
Preview Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence: The Wars of Independence in Kenya and Algeria
Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 1 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM Pennsylvania studies in Human RigHts Bert B. Lockwood, Jr., Series Editor a complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher. Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 2 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence The Wars of Independence in Kenya and Algeria Fabian Klose Translated by Dona Geyer university of pennsylvania press philadelphia Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 3 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM The original edition was published under the title Menschenrechte im Schatten kolonialer Gewalt. Die Dekolonisierungskriege in Kenia und Algerien 1945– 1962 © 2009 by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, Munich English translation © 2013 University of Pennsylvania Press The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften International—Translation Funding for Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Office, the collecting society VG WORT, and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association). All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher. Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Klose, Fabian. [Menschenrechte im Schatten kolonialer Gewalt. English] Human rights in the shadow of colonial violence : the wars of independence in Kenya and Algeria / Fabian Klose ; translated by Dona Geyer. — 1st ed. p. cm.— (Pennsylvania studies in human rights) English translation of Menschenrechte im Schatten kolonialer Gewalt: die Dekolonisierungskriege in Kenia und Algerien 1945−1962, published in 2009 by Oldenbourg. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8122-4495-3 1. Human rights—Kenya. 2. Human rights—Algeria. 3. Kenya—History— Mau Mau Emergency, 1952−1960. 4. Algeria—History—Revolution, 1954−1962. 5. Great Britain—Colonies—Africa. 6. France—Colonies— Africa. I. Title. II. Series: Pennsylvania studies in human rights. JC599.K4K5613 2013 965'.046—dc23 2012045108 Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 4 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM C o n t e n t s List of Abbreviations vii Preface xi 1. Introduction 1 2. The New World Order, 1941–1948 8 3. Contested Decolonization, 1945 –1962 47 4. The Legitimation of Colonial Violence 92 5. The Unleashing of Colonial Violence 138 6. The International Discourse on Human Rights as Marked by the Wars of Decolonization 192 7. Conclusion 231 Notes 241 Bibliography 313 Index 353 Acknowledgments 367 Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 5 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 6 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM A b b r e v i a t i o n s aCiCR archives du Comité international de la Croix‑Rouge aiR air ministry aln armée de libération nationale amm affaires militaires musulmanes anC african national Congress ATOM The Conduct of Anti‑Terrorist Operations in Malaya BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BRC British Red Cross BW British Council CaB Cabinet Office CaB Cabinet civil des gouverneurs généraux CaOm Centre des archives d’outre‑mer CCe Comité de Coordination et d’exécution CeF Corps expéditionnaire Français CFln Comité Français de la libération nationale CiPCg Centre d’instruction de Pacification et de Contre‑guérilla Cmi Centre militaire d’internés CnRa Conseil national de la Révolution algérienne CO Colonial Office CRa Croissant‑Rouge algérien CRF Croix‑Rouge Française CRua Comité Révolutionnaire d’unité et d’action CsCe Conference on security and Co‑operation in europe Ctt Centre de triage et de transit deFe ministry of defence dO dominions Office dOm‑tOm départements et territoires d’Outre‑mer dOP détachements Opérationnels de Protection Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 7 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM viii Abbreviations dPu dispositif de Protection urbaine eCHR european Convention on Human Rights eCOsOC economic and social Council eCOsOCOR economic and social Council Official Records eOKa ethniki Organosis Kyprion agoniston Fides Fonds d’investissement pour le développement économique et social Fln Front de libération nationale FO Foreign Office FRelimO Frente de libertação de moçambique FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States gaOR general assembly Official Records gPRa gouvernement Provisoire de la République algérienne HmsO Her majesty’s stationery Office iCRC international Committee of the Red Cross ilO international labor Organization imts international military tribunals iWm imperial War museum KaR King’s african Rifles Kasu Kenya african study union Kau Kenya african union KCa Kikuyu Central association Knil Koninklijk nederlands‑indisch leger lO law Office mae ministère des affaires Étrangères mla mission de liaison pour les affaires algériennes mna mouvement national algérien mPla movimento Popular de libertação de angola mRla malayan Races liberation army naRa national archives and Records administration, College Park, maryland ngO nongovernmental organization nuOi nations unies et Organisations internationales Oas Organisation armée secrète OPa Organisation politico‑administrative Os Organisation spéciale PlO Palestine liberation Organization Pni Partai nasional indonesia Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 8 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM Abbreviations ix PPa Parti du Peuple algérien PRem Prime minister’s Office RaF Royal air Force RH Rhodes House library sas section administrative spécialisée sCOR security Council Official Records sHat service Historique de l’armée de terre ss schutzstaffel der nsdaP tna The national archives un aRms united nations archives and Records management section, new york unHCR united nations High Commissioner for Refugees unO united nations Organization unOg united nations Office at geneva, Registry, Records and archives unit WO War Office Zaa Zone autonome d’alger Klose_HumanRightsShadowColon_FM.indd 9 21380 2/14/13 4:18 PM
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