Human Rights in Cuba, El Salvador and Nicaragua: A Sociological Perspective on Human Rights Abuse (Studies in International Relations)

284 Pages·2003·0.78 MB·English

by  Mayra Gomez

STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Edited by
Charles G.MacDonald
Florida International University
A ROUTLEDGE SERIES
STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
CHARLES G.MACDONALD, General Editor
PROMOTING WOMEN’S RIGHTS
The Politics of Gender in the
European Union
Chrystalla A.Ellina
TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY AND
TURKISH IDENTITY
A Constructivist Approach
Yücel Bozdağlioğlu
ORGANIZING THE WORLD
The United States and Regional
Cooperation in Asia and Europe
Galia Press-Barnathan
HUMAN RIGHTS IN CUBA, EL
SALVADOR AND NICARAGUA
A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE
Mayra Gómez
Routledge
New York & London
Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street NewYork, NY 10001
http://www.routledge-ny.com/
Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE
http://www.routledge.co.uk/
Routledge Falmer is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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Copyright © 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
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photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cataloging-in-Publication Data for this
book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 0-203-48758-3 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-60432-6 (Adobe e-reader Format)
ISBN 0-415-94649-2 (alk. paper)
For my family

Contents

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER II THE IDEA OF RIGHTS: DEFINITIONS, DOMAINS AND 15

CORNERSTONE DEBATES
CHAPTER HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE AND THE NATION—STATE: 27

III PERSPECTIVES FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
CHAPTER THE INTERSECTION OF THE STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY 46

IV AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER V THEORETICAL FRAME AND METHODOLOGY 68
CHAPTER PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN CUBA 79

VI
CHAPTER PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN EL 100

VII SALVADOR
CHAPTER PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN 128

VIII NICARAGUA
CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS 148

IX
APPENDIX Cuba: Status of Human Rights Treaty Ratifications 163

A
APPENDIX El Salvador: Status of Human Rights Treaty Ratifications 165

B
APPENDIX Nicaragua: Status of Human Rights Treaty Ratifications 166

C
NOTES 167
REFERENCES 196
INDEX 216
List of Tables and Figures

Figure 50
Outline of Collective Mobilization Model
4.1
Figure 54
A Theory of Revolution
4.2
Table Estimated Number of Political Prisoners in Cuba, 1959– 82

6.1 2000
Figure Cuba: Annual Growth Rate of Total Domestic Product, 90

6.2 1983–1995
Table 112
Composition of U.S. Aid to El Salvador, 1980–1989
7.1
Figure Estimated Number of Reported Extrajudicial Killing and 114

7.2 “Disappearance” in El Salvador, 1977–1996
Table Estimated Number of Nicaraguans Killed, Injured, or 137

8.1 Kidnapped by the Contra Rebels, 1980–1987