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Human Rights Futures PDF

356 Pages·2017·2.645 MB·English
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Human Rights Futures Inonecollectedvolume,mainstreamandcriticalhumanrightsscholars togetherexaminetheempiricalandnormativedebatesaroundthefuture of human rights. They ask what makes human rights effective, what strategieswillenhancethechancesofcompliance,whatblocksprogress, andwhetherthehopeforhumanrightsisentirelymisplacedinarapidly transformingworld.HumanRightsFuturesseestheworldasatacrucial juncture. The project for globalizing rights will either continue to be embeddedorwillfallbackwardintoamaelstromofnationalistbacklash, religious resurgence and faltering Western power. Each chapter talks directlytotheothersinaninteractivedialogue,providingatheoretical andmethodologicalframeworkforaclearresearchagendaforthenext decade. Scholars, graduate students and practitioners of political science,history,sociology,lawand developmentwillfindmuch,both tochallengeandprovokethem,inthisinnovativebook. Stephen Hopgood is Professor of International Relations at SOAS, UniversityofLondon,andauthorofKeepersoftheFlame:Understanding AmnestyInternational(2006),whichwontheAPSABestBookinHuman RightsAwardin2007,andTheEndtimesofHumanRights(2013). JackSnyderistheRobertand RenéeBelferProfessorof International Relations in the Political Science Department and the Saltzman InstituteofWarandPeaceStudiesatColumbiaUniversityintheCity of New York. His books include Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance (with Alexander Cooley, Cambridge UniversityPress,2015). LeslieVinjamuriisAssociateProfessorofInternationalRelations,and Director of the Centre on Conflict, Rights and Justice at SOAS, University of London. Recent works include The Distant Promise of a NegotiatedJustice(2017). Human Rights Futures Editedby Stephen Hopgood SOAS,UniversityofLondon Jack Snyder ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork Leslie Vinjamuri SOAS,UniversityofLondon UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107193352 DOI:10.1017/9781108147767 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Hopgood,Stephen,author.|Snyder,JackL., author.|Vinjamuri,Leslie,author. Title:HumanRightsFutures/StephenHopgood(SchoolofOriental andAfricanStudies,UniversityofLondon),JackSnyder(ColumbiaUniversity, NewYork),LeslieVinjamuri(SchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies, UniversityofLondon). Description:Cambridge[UK];NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress, 2017.|Includesindex. Identifiers:LCCN2016056473|ISBN9781107193352 Subjects:LCSH:Humanrights. Classification:LCCK3240.H6452017|DDC323–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016056473 ISBN978-1-107-19335-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofFigures pagevii ListofContributors viii Acknowledgments x 1 Introduction:HumanRightsPast,Present,andFuture 1 stephen hopgood, jack snyder, and leslie vinjamuri 2 HumanRightsData,Processes,andOutcomes: HowRecentResearchPointstoaBetterFuture 24 geoff dancy and kathryn sikkink 3 HumanRightsandHumanWelfare:Looking fora“DarkSide”toInternationalHumanRightsLaw 60 beth a. simmons and anton strezhnev 4 EmpoweringRightsThroughMassMovements, Religion,andReformParties 88 jack snyder 5 HumanRightsBacklash 114 leslie vinjamuri 6 HumanRightsinAreasofLimitedStatehood: FromtheSpiralModeltoLocalizationandTranslation 135 thomas risse 7 GroundingtheBacklash:RegionalSecurityTreaties, Counternorms,andHumanRightsinEurasia 159 alexander cooley and matthew schaaf 8 GoverningReligionasRight 189 elizabeth shakman hurd 9 TheVernacularizationofWomen’sHumanRights 213 sally engle merry and peggy levitt v vi Contents 10 Re-FramingHumanRightsAdvocacy:TheRise ofEconomicRights 237 shareen hertel 11 HumanRightsandtheCrisisofLiberalism 261 samuel moyn 12 HumanRightsontheRoadtoNowhere 283 stephen hopgood 13 Conclusion:HumanRightsFutures 311 stephen hopgood, jack snyder, and leslie vinjamuri Index 331 Figures 2.1 GlobalTrendsinWomen’sRightsoverTime page27 2.2 GlobalAverageStandard-BasedHumanRightsScores 29 2.3 Fariss’sGlobalLatentRespectforPhysicalIntegrity 31 2.4 GlobalAverageEconomicandSocialConditions overTime 33 2.5 CorrelationBetweenHumanRightsProsecutions andProtestEventsoverTime 42 3.1 MeanCIRIHumanRightsScoresoverTime(1981–2007) 74 3.2 TotalandControlledDirectEffectsofICCPRRatification onCIRIDisappearanceRating 76 3.3 AidFlowsbySectorfrom17OECDDonors 78 3.4 PatternsinperCapitaGDPAmongHigh-Commitment andLow-CommitmentStates(1950–2007) 79 3.5 NoEvidenceofanAssociationBetweenChanges inHRCommitmentsandChangesinHDI 80 3.6 NoMeaningfulRelationshipBetweenMeasures ofIncomeInequalityandNumberofHumanRights AgreementsRatified 82 6.1 HumanRightsbyRegimeTypeandDegreeofStatehood 145 6.2 HumanRightsProtectingStatesandAreasofLimited Statehood 147 6.3 HumanRightsViolatingStatesandAreasofLimited Statehood 147 9.1 PosterCreatedbyVikalptoPromoteLesbianRights 226 11.1 TheIncidenceof“LiberalInternationalism” intheEnglishLanguage 276 vii Contributors alexander cooley istheClaireTowProfessorofPoliticalScienceat Barnard College and Director of Columbia University’s Harriman Institute for the Study of Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. His booksincludeGreatGames,LocalRulesandDictatorsBeyondBorders. geoff dancy is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Political ScienceatTulaneUniversity.HiscurrentbookprojectiscalledBeyond Backlash:APragmatistApproachtoHumanRightsLawandActivism. shareen hertel is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Connecticut, jointly appointed with the university’s Human Rights Institute. She is the author of Unexpected Power: Conflict and Change Among Transnational Activists, and editor of TheJournalofHumanRights. stephen hopgood is Professor of International Relations at SOAS, University of London, and author of Keepers of the Flame: Understanding Amnesty International, which won the APSA Best Book in Human Rights Award in 2007, and The Endtimes of Human Rights (2013). elizabeth shakman hurd is Professor of Political Science and Religious Studies at Northwestern University. Her books include ThePoliticsofSecularisminInternationalRelationsandBeyondReligious Freedom:TheNewGlobalPoliticsofReligion. peggy levitt is Chair of the Sociology Department and the Luella LaMer Slaner Professor in Latin American Studies at Wellesley College and Co-Director of Harvard University’s Transnational Studies Initiative. Her most recent book is Artifacts and Allegiances: HowMuseumsPuttheNationandtheWorldonDisplay. sally engle merry is Silver Professor of Anthropology at New York UniversityandaFacultyDirectoroftheCenterforHumanRightsand Global Justice at the New York University School of Law. Her most viii

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