A education; Adult education, in Africa; Adult learning participation; Informal Academic journals: customer satisfaction learning; Interactive workplace learning with, 131; journal editors as managers (study); Learning participation in man- and, 133; missions of sponsoring orga- agement development in China (study); nizations and, 132; positioning of, in Workplace learning knowledge market, 132-133; as prod- Africa. See Adult education, in Africa ucts of professional organizations, 131, Allen, T. D., “Formal Mentoring Programs Total Quality Management approach and Organizational Attraction,” 43-58 to, 133; value-oriented perspective on, Amutabi, M., Foundations of Adult Education 131-132 in Africa, reviewed, 359-363 “Academic Journals Are Products of Pro- Anagnosis, 483-484 fessional Organizations,” 131-133 Anderson, J. E., “Influences of New Academy of Human Resource Develop- Development Practices on Temporary ment (AHRD), 242-243 Employee Work-Related Attitudes,” Accountability, of trainers for training 279-303 transfer, 352-353, 355 “Anyone? Anyone? Anyone?” 365-369 Action science model, of informal learning, Articles: “Choosing Among Tests of Emo- 137 tional Intelligence: What Is the Evi- Adult education, in Africa: adult learning dence?” 9-42; “Comparing the Effects principles and, 359; community vs. indi- of Determinants of Turnover Intentions vidual contexts and, 359; environment Between Taiwanese and U.S. Hospital and, 359-360; gender roles and, 360; Employees,” 403-321, “Employer Assess- globalization and, 360, 362; HRD impli- ment of Work-Related Competencies cations and, 361-362; indigenous vs. and Workplace Adaptation,” 305-324, traditional forms of adult education “Formal Mentoring Programs and Orga- and, 359; opportunities for, 360; pro- nizational Attraction,” 43-58; “Influence fessional development and, 360 of Trainee Characteristics, Instructional Adult education: definition of, 359; envi- Satisfaction, and Organizational Climate ronment and, 359-360; globalization on Perceived Learning and Training and, 360, 362 Transfer,” 85-116; “Influences of New Adult learning participation: choice as Development Practices on Temporary motivating factor in, 447-448; critical Employee Work-Related Attitudes,” factors in, definition of, +43; develop- 279-303, “Key Characteristics of Effec- ing countries and, 449; HRD research tive and Ineffective Developmental on, 447-449; HRD theory/practice and, Interactions,” 59-84, “Learning in 443, individual factors and, 448; intrin- Interactive Work Situations: It Takes sic factors and, 447; models of, 447; Two to Tango: Why Not Invite Both motivation theory and, 447; research Partners to Dance?” 135-158; “Learning on, 444; socialization factor model of, to Become a Machine Operator: The 447. See also Adult learning, Learning Dialogical Relationship Between Con- participation, in management develop- text, Self, and Content,” 199-221; ment in China (study) “Making Subjective Judgments in Adult learning: adult education and, 359; Quantitative Studies: The Importance from artifacts/tools, 138; clusters of, of Using Effect Sizes and Confidence 137; community vs. individual contexts Intervals,” 159-173; “Participation in and, 359; facilitating agent for, 138; Management Training in a Transitioning HRD in workplace and, 136-137; work Context: A Case of China,” 443-473; contexts and, 148. See also Adult “Roles of Informal Workplace Trainers Homan Resource Deve_orment Quarrerty, vol. 17, no. 4, Winter 2006 495 Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 496 Index in Different Organizational Contexts: Change. See Behavioral change; Organi- Empirical Evidence from Australian zational change Companies,” 175-198; “Supplier Diver- Chauvinism, 483 sity: A Missing Link in Human Resource China. See Job skills, employee percep- Development,” 325-341; “Survey Rank- tions of, in China (study); Learning ing of Job Competencies by Perceived participation, in management devel- Employee Importance: Comparing Three opment in China (study); Turnover Regions,” 371-402; “Tuition Reimburse- intentions, in Taiwanese and U.S ment, Perceived Organizational Support, organizations (study) and Turnover Intention Among Graduate “Choosing Among Tests of Emotional Business School Students,” 423-442 Intelligence: What Is the Evidence?” Avoidance, by leaders, 366 9-42 “Closing the Gap Between Research and Practice in Human Resource Develop- B ment,” 343-350 Coaching, learning transfer and, 180 Baruch, Y., “Tuition Reimbursement, Communities of practice, 204, 212-213 Perceived Organizational Support, and “Comparing the Effects of Determinants of Turnover Intention Among Graduate Turnover Intentions Between Taiwanese Business School Students,” 423-442 and U.S. Hospital Employees,” 403-321 Behavioral change: attitudes and, 248- Competitive advantage: economic theory 250; cynicism and, 250; intentions and, of, 306, 320; workplace adaptation and, 248; organizational support and, 250, 305-306 perceived locus of control and, 250-252; Competitiveness, public education and, role theory and, 247; theory of planned 477 behavior and, 247-250, 261, 263-264. Confidence intervals (CI): APA style See also Performance improvement manual and, 163, 170; arelational, Benson, G. S., “Tuition Reimbursement, 167; classes of, 167; definition of, Perceived Organizational Support, and 166; encouraging dialogue about, 171; lurnover Intention Among Graduate history of, 166-167; HRD and, Business School Students,” 423-442 169; implications for application of, Brockman, J. L., “Learning to Become a 168-170; interpretation of, 167-168; Machine Operator: The Dialogical Rela- populational value and, 167; practical tionship Between Context, Self, and meaning and, 168; quantitative studies Content,” 199-221 and, 159-160; recommendations for Burns, |. Z., “Frederick Lewis Oute (1934—- changes in use of, 170-171, relational, 2004): The Consummate Human 167; review of HRDQ and, 160; Resource Developer,” 5-8 significance and, 164, 170; statistical packages — and, 171, statistical C significance and, 168-169; subjectivity of research and, 159, 170; as Callahan, J. L., “Making Subjective Judg- supplement to NHST, 159-160, 163; ments in Quantitative Studies: The teaching methods for, 170-171; value Importance of Using Effect Sizes and of, 167 Confidence Intervals,” 159-173 Conflict management, emotional intelli- Capacity, leadership, 366 gence and, 32 Career development: career advice topics Contextual model of learning, 246-247 and, 65, 74; developmental interac- Credible and open process, Nucor Corpo- tions and, 61; job/career satisfaction and, ration example of, 48 413; multisource feedback and, 246 Customer service: academic journals and, Career satisfaction. See Job/career 131-133; Total Quality Management satisfaction and, 133 and, 72-74; work-life advice and, 61, 65, 74. See also Developmental D’Abate, C. P, “Key Characteristics of interactions Effective and Ineffective Developmental Ding, C. G., “Comparing the Effects of Interactions,” 59-84 Determinants of Turnover Intentions DeLong, D. W., Lost Knowledge: Confron- Between Taiwanese and U.S. Hospital ting the Threat of an Aging Workforce, Employees,” 403-321 reviewed, 491-494 Dirkx, J. M., “Learning to Become a Developmental interactions: advisee role Machine Operator: The Dialogical and, 76; adviser factors (expertise, needs Relationship Between Context, Self, focus, self-discovery focus) and, 64, 72, and Content,” 199-221 74-75; benefits vs. risks of, 60; career Diversity: manager sensitivity to, 376-377. development and, 61, 65; career devel- See also Diversity practitioners; Supplier opment issues and, 61, 65; communica- diversity programs tion factors (face-to-face vs. technology) Diversity practitioners: economic consider- and, 64-65, 72-73; definition of, 60; ations and, 327; educators for supplier employee learning and, 60, 76-77; diversity, 338-339; educator role expanded model of, 61; factors aflect- and, 338-339; HRD practitioners and, ing effectiveness of, 62-66; factors 327-328, 332-333, 337-339; researche. affecting, 62; job-/task-specific issues role and, 339; role of, 326-327, 332- and, 66, 74, 76; mentoring and, 60-62; 337; as strategists for supplier diversity, multiple forms of, 61; organizational role 337-338; strategist role and, 327-328 and, 76; personal factors (age, gender, Dogmatism, 483 race) and, 62-63, 69-70, relationship Doornbos, A. J., “Learning in Interactive factors (initiation, frequency, length, Work Situations: It Takes Two to Tango: duration, source) and, 64-65, 69, 71, Why Not Invite Both Partners to 74-75, research on, 61-62; typology Dance?” 135-158 of, 61; work-life issues and, 61, 65; work-life support and, 61, 65. See also Developmental interactions, character- E istics of (study) Developmental interactions, —c haracter- Eddy, E. R., “Key Characteristics of Effective istics of (study): advisee role and, 76; and Ineffective Developmental Interac- adviser factors (expertise, needs focus, tions,” 59-84 self-discovery focus) and, 64, 72, “Editors Challenge to Human Resource 74-75; appendix, 78-81; career Development, An,” 1-4 development advice and, 61, 65; Editorial: “Academic Journals Are Products communication factors (lace-to-lace vs. of Professional Organizations,” 131-133; design/procedure, 66; — discussion, “An Editors Challenge to Human 74-77. discussion topics and, 65-66, Resource Development,” 1-4; “Frederick 72, 74; factors interview, 78-81; job/ Lewis Otte (1934-2004): The Consum- task-specific advice and, 66, 74, 76; mate Human Resource Developer,” 5-8; measures, 67-68; method, 66-69; “Research: The Bridge Between Human organizational role and, 76; Resource Development Practitioners participants, 67, 69; personal factors and Scholars,” 235-243 (age, gender, race) and, 62-63, 69-70, Education: competitiveness and, 477. See practice implications, 75-76; purpose, also Adult education; Adult education, 60-61; relationship factors (initiation, in Africa; Learning frequency, length, duration, source) Effect size (ES): APA style manual and, 163, and, 64-65, 69, 71, 74-75; results, 170; benchmark values and, 166; 69-74, study limitations, 77; tests of definitions of, 164; determining practical hypotheses and, 69-72; tests of topic significance and, 165-166; difference __Index indices and, 165; encouraging dialogue industry and, 9; training uses of, 9-10, about, 171; group overlap indices and, 32-33; types of, 11; validity measures 105; history of use of, 164-165; HRD and, 13-14, 29-30 and, 169; implications for application of, Emotional intelligence (EI) tests, and 168-170; interpretation of, 166; practical HRD professionals (study): conclusion, meaning and, 168; quantitative studies 37-38; definition of El and, 11; discus- and, 159-160; recommendations for sion, 28-37; Emotional Competency changes in use of, 170-171, relationship Index (ECI-2) and, 12, 14-15, 19-22, indices and, 165; review of HRDQ and, 27-31, 32, 37; Emotional Quotient 160; significance and, 164, 170; Inventory (EQ-i), 12, 14-15, 19, statistical packages and, 171, statistical 22-25, 27-29, 37; focus of study and, significance and, 168-169, subjectivity of 12-13; future directions, 37-38; HRD research and, 159, 170, as supplement to research and, 34-37; leadership NHST, 159-160, 163; teaching methods development and, 33-34; literature for, 170-171, types of, 165 review method and, 22-12; Mayer- Emotion: rationality and, 224, 226-227; Solovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence social interactions and, 225-226; strate- Test (MSCEIT), 12, 14-19, 28-31, 33, gic HRD and, 224. See also Emotional 37; need for, 9-10; organization intelligence (ED) development and, 31-32; purpose, Emotional Competency Index (ECI-2), 10; research questions, 10; training/ 12, 14-15, 19-22, 27-31, 32, 37. See development and, 32-33, valid El mea- also Emotional intelligence (EI) tests, surement and, 28-30; validity measures and HRD professionals (study) and, 13-14, 29 Emotional intelligence (El): conflict man- Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), 12, agement and, 32; customer service 14-15, 19, 22-25, 27-29, 37. See also training and, 33; definition of, 11, Emotional intelligence (EI) tests, and history of, 11; of MBA students, 35; HRD professionals (study) organizational change and, 32; physician Employee attitudes: behavioral change training and, 32; research on applica- and, 248-250; HRD practices and, 281, tion of, 36; research on development 299: organizational socialization and, of, 34-36; research on impact of, 36-37; 281. See also New employee develop- role of culture in, 35-36; stress manage- ment (NED) practices, and temporary ment and, 33; transformational leader- employee attitudes (study) ship and, 34 Employee development: mentoring and, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire 60; perceived organizational support (EIQ), 12, 14-15, 25-29. See also and, 425-427, 439; turnover inten- Emotional intelligence (El) tests, and tion and, 413-414, 426. See also Devel- HRD professionals (study) opmental interactions, characteristics Emotional intelligence (EI) tests: construct of (study); Employee development; validity and, 13; content validity and, Training/development, Workers 13; Emotional Competency Index Employee learning: formal training and, (ECI-2) and, 12, 14-15, 19-22, 27-31, 59-60; organizational success and, 59. 32, 37; Emotional Quotient Inventory See also Adult learning; Developmental (EQ-i), 12, 14-15, 19, 22-25, 27-29, interactions, characteristics of (study); 37; external validity and, 14, face Training/development validity and, 13; HRD and, 9-10, 31-34; Employees: everyday problem solving by, leadership development and, 33-34; 202-203; expertise 203; formal Mayer-Solovey-Caruso Emotional Intelli- training of, 59-60; f . gence Test (MSCEIT), 12, 14-19, identity development of, 203, 213-214; 28-31, 33, 37; organizational uses of, problem solving by, 302. See also 10, 31-32; predictive validity and, 14, Employee abilities; Employee devel- test bandwidth and, 31; test fidelity opment; Employee learning, New and, 31; test specificity and, 31; training employee development (NED) practices, 499 and temporary employee perceptions and, 47, 53; procedure, 48; research (study); Workers; Workforce; Workplace questions, 44; results, 50-52; self- adaptation, and employee competencies efficacy and, 46-47, 53; study limita- (study) tions, 54-55 “Employer Assessment of Work-Related “Formal Mentoring Programs and Orga- Competencies and Workplace Adapta- nizational Attraction,” 43-58 tion,” 305-324 Formal training, employee !earning and, Ericson, M., “Strategic HRD and the 59-60 Relational Self,” 223-229 Forum: “Closing the Gap Between Research Ethics: lack of, by leaders, 365-366. and Practice in Human Resource Devel- See also Leadership crisis opment,” 343-350; “Mega-Trends in Everyday problem solving, 202 the American Workforce,” 475-479; Experiential learning, informal learning “The New Human Resource Department: and, 204, 218 A Cross-Functional Unit,” 117-123; “Strategic HRD and the Relational Self,” 223-229; “Trainer Self-Loathing?” 351-357; “Why We Fail: How Hubris, Hamartia, and Anagnosis Shape Organi- Failure: hubris, hamartia, and anagnosis zational Behavior,” 481-489 and, 482-483; learning from, 481; Foundations of Adult Education in Africa, of world powers, 482-483. See also reviewed, 359-363 Organizational failure “Frederick Lewis Otte (1934-2004): The Featured Articles: “Invited Reaction to Consummate Human Resource Devel- Postleedback Development Perceptions: oper,” 5-8 Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, 269-278; “Postleedback G Development Perceptions: Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior,” 245-267 Garavan, T., “Postfeedback Development Feedback: attitudes toward behavioral Perceptions: Applying the Theory of change and, 248-250; contextual model Planned Behavior,” 245-267 of learning and, 246-247; intentions Gender: adult education in Africa and, 360; and behavioral improvement and, 248; supplier diversity programs and, 327 perceived behavioral control and, 250- General Method of Theory-Building 252; performance improvement and, Research in Applied Disciplines model, 245, rater/ratee factors and, 248-249; 270-277 role theory and, 247; theory of planned Gilley, J. W., “Research: The Bridge Be- behavior and, 247-250, 261, 263-264; tween Human Resource Development training models and, 247. See also Practitioners and Scholars,” 235-243 Multisource feedback (MSF); Postfeed- Givens-Skeaton, S., “Key Characteristics of back development perceptions (study) Effective and Ineffective Developmental Ford, R., “Why We Fail: How Hubris, Interactions,” 59-84 Hamartia, and Anagnosis Shape Orga- Global competitiveness, 306. See also Com- nizational Behavior,” 481-489 petitive advantage Formal mentoring programs, and applicant Globalization: adult education and, 360, attraction (study): applicant attraction 362; HRD practitioners and, 305-306, and, 44-45, 53-54; benefits of, 43; 321-32, 416 conclusion, 55; discussion, 52-53; Greed, of leaders, 367 future research, 53; hypotheses, 45-47, Greer, B. M., “Supplier Diversity: A Missing 50-51; implications, 54; individual Link in Human Resource Development,” differences and, 45-47, 53; learning 325-341 goal orientation and, 46, 53; materials, Groves, K., “Choosing Among Tests of 48-49; measures, 49-50; method, 48; Emotional Intelligence: What Is the participants, 48; proactive personality Evidence?” 9-42 500 _ Index Gubrium, J. FE, Handbook of Interview HRD professionals. See Diversity practi- Research, reviewed; Inside Interviewing: tioners; HRD practitioners; HRD scholar- New Lenses, New Concerns, reviewed; practitioners Postmodern Interviewing, reviewed, 125- HRD research: data analysis and, 128; 129 debate about, 235, 242-243; factors influencing interviewing and, 126-129; home-buying example and, 236-238; H HRD activities and, 238-239; HRD practitioners and, 235, 241-243; Hamartia, 482-484 linking theory and practice and, 236, Handbook of Interview Research, reviewed, organizational collaboration and, 276- 125-129 277; organizational decision making Harris, R., “Roles of Informal Workplace and, 236-238; as process, 235; qualita- Trainers in Different Organizational live vs. quantitative, 125; recommenda- Contexts: Empirical Evidence from tion for HRD _ scholar-practitioners Australian Companies,” 175-198 about, 242; strategic decision making Hatcher, T., “An Editors Challenge to and, 238; technical advances and, 128; Human Resource Development,” 1-4 theory building and, 270; theory- Holstein, J. A., Handbook of Interview building models/research and, 269-271, Research, reviewed; Inside Interviewing: 276-277; Tower of Babel about, 242; New Lenses, New Concerns, reviewed; Post- trends in, 125; vulnerability of, to modern Interviewing, reviewed, 125-129 organizational resources, 269. See also HRD, new paradigm for: addressing needs HRD research-practice gap; Research of work-filled retirement, 478; aligning HRD research-practice gap: AHRD articles education and goals for competitiveness, on, 343; causes of, 344-345; claims of, 477; aligning workforce development 343-344, conclusions, 348; definitions programs with market needs, 476- oi, 344; forms of, 344; implications, 477, assisting lower-wage workers, +78; 348; need for closing, 345-346; need assisting workers in volatile labor for research-practice synergy and, 343; market, 477-478; components of, past eflorts to close, 346; practice/ 476-478; need for, 476, 478-479; practitioner role in, 345; research/ workforce trends and, 475-476. See researcher role in, 344-345; sugges- also Diversity practitioners tions for closing, 346-348; suggestions HRD activities: analysis and, 238-239; for HRD organizations, 348; sugges- design and, 238-239; evaluation and tions for practice/practitioners, 347; 238-239; implementation and, 238- suggestions for research/researchers, 239; scholar-practitioners and, 238- 346-347 241; traditional research process and, HRD scholar-practitioners: assumptions 238-239 of, about HRD, 235-236; HRD practi- HRD practitioners: adult learning and, tioners and, 235-236, 238, 243; HRD 359, assumptions of, about HRD, 235- research and, 235, 241-243; recom- 236, attitudes toward training of mendations for HRD research for, 242; 235-236; diversity programs and, 327 strategic thinking about HRD and, 328, 332-333, 337-339; global com- 236-237 petitiveness and, 305-306, 321-322; Hubris, 482-484, 487 HRD research and, 235, 241-243; HRD Hubris, hamartia, and anagnosis (HH&A): scholar-practitioners and, 235-236, 238, Aristotle and, 482; chauvinism and, 243; informal workplace trainers and, 483, creating credible open process 178-179, learning organizations and, 485-486; definit ol, =. : ———-- and, 178; linking theory and practice dogmatism and, 483, failure and, 482; by, 236, 242-243. See also Diversity failure ef world powers and, 482-483, practitioners; Trainers reflection and dialogue and, 486-488 index Human resources (HR): current, 118-120; manager as facilitator of, 216-217; as factors restricting research progress reflective process, 204; related theo- in, 119-120; global competition and, retical constructs to, 204; research on, 117-118; and HR _ function, 118; 201-202; situated learning and, 204; international, 121; top priorities of, social context and, 137-138; social 119; transformation of, 117-118; trust nature of, 204, 212; training programs and, 118; worker needs and, 118-119 and, 216, 218; worker identity for- Human resources department, as cross- mation and, 203; workplace expertise functional unit: division of labor and, and, 203; workplace learning and, 136. 121; internal organizational politics See also Informal learning, in problem- and, 121; model of, 122; organizational solving contexts (study); Informal effectiveness and, 122; strategic plan- workplace trainers, roles of (study); ning and, 117-118, 120; talent man- Workplace learning agement and, 119, 121; technology Informal learning, in problem-solving as enabler in, 119, 121; trust and, 119, contexts (study): communities of pra- 120; worker autonomy/freedom and, ctice and, 204, 212-213; data collection/ 118, 120; worker fringe benefits analysis, 206-207; discussion, 211-218; and, 119 everyday problem solving and, 202- Human resources development (HRD): 203; findings, 207-211, future research, challenge to, 1-3; expanding, theory, 217-218; learning as relational/dialogical 2; globalization and, 4; integrity in, process and, 209-213, 217; learning as 4, long-term vision and, 4; as orga- social process and, 204, 212; learning nizational value-added activity, 236, in context and, 211-213; learning in 243, 245; positive approach to, 2; job and, 213-214; learning outcomes professionalization of, 4, redefining, through problem solving and, 210-211; 1-2; research excellence in, 2; respect- literature review, 201-203; methods, ing heart in, 4; responsibility to 205-207; practical implications for stakeholders of, 4, 368. See also HRD, HRD and, 215-217; problem solving as new paradigm for; HRD activities; HRD learning and, 208-209; purpose, 200; practitioners, HRD research; Human research questions, 203-204, 211-214; resources (HR); Strategic HRD selection of site/participants, 205-206; theoretical framework, 203-205; theoretical implications for HRD and, 214-215; worker expertise/identity and, 203, 212-214 Identity, development of worker, 203, Informal workplace trainers: coaching/ 213-214 mentoring and, 180; formal workplace “Influence of Trainee Characteristics, trainers and, 176-178; HRD practi- Instructional Satisfaction, and Organi- tioners and, 178-179; learning system zational Climate on Perceived Learning of organization and, 176; learning and Training Transfer,” 85-116 transfer and, 180. See also Informal “Influences of New Development Practices workplace trainers, roles of (study) on Temporary Employee Work-Related Informal workplace trainers, roles of Attitudes,” 279-303 (study): actions undertaken by, 184, 191, Informal learning: action science model 195-196; benefits to theory of, 176-177; of, 137; characteristics of, 201; commu- coaching/mentoring and, 180, 191; nities of practice and, 204, 212-213, conclusions, 191-192; contextual fac- contextual considerations and, 201, tors and, 187-188, 192; formal 304; definition of, 201; experiential educatorsArainers and, 176-177; further learning and, 204; of frontline research and, 194; implications for HRD employees, 202; interactions and, and, 193-194; learning transfer and, 136-137; James Dewey and, 204; 180, 191; literature review, 177-180, 502 Index measures, 183-184, method, 181; need workers, 118; work-life support and, for, 177; organizational learning system 65. See also Turnover intentions, in and, 177-180; participants, 182-183; Taiwanese and U.S. organizations (study) procedure, 184; purpose of, 176-177; Job competencies, employee perceptions research background and, 177; research of, in China (study): age and, 381, 390; questions, 181; results, 184-191; role Chinese collectivist attitude and, 380, conceptions of, 186-187, 191-192; role 397; Chinese ethics and, 386, 397; dimensions of, 184- 186, 191-192; cultural/symbolic attributes and, 381; sampling, 181-182; theoretical back- definition of job skills and, 372; ground and, 177-180; trainer characte- dependent variables and, 379-381, ristics and, 188-192. See also Informal 384, dispositional aspects and, 381, workplace trainers 386-388, 391, 395; dispositional Inside Interviewing: New Lenses, New qualities and, 379-380, 386; economic Concerns, reviewed, 125-129 context and, 383; — educational Intentions, and behavioral change 248 attainment and, 372, 374; employee Interaction partner, defined, 137 attitudes and, 372; employee ranking of Interactive workplace learning (study): job competencies and, 388-393; firm adult learner activities and, 144-146, ownership and, 383, 393-394; 150, 154-155; clusters of learning and, firm ranking of job competencies and, 137, 151; data analysis, 142-144, data 393; firm-level characteristics and, 383; collection, 141-142; definition of future research and, 397; generic vs learning and, 137; didactic learning firm-specific skills and, 377, 395; and, 137; discussion, 150-154; hierarchical linear model and, 383- hierarchical organizational position and 384, individual characteristics and, learning activities and, 149-150, 153; 381-383, 388-393; industry and, 383, interaction partner and, 137-138, 393-394, job basics and, 387, 391; job 151; interaction partners’ activities and, competence measurement and, 372, 146-148, 151, 155-156; method, 374, 384, 386-388; job position/rank 140-144; need for, 136; negative and, 381, 391, 396; job type and, 395, reactions vs. compliments and, 146- 397; market reform and, 373; measu- 147, 151; occupation-related diflerences/ rement models and, 383-385; methods, similarities in learning activities and, 378-384, on-the-job training and, 378, 148-149, 152; participants, 140-141, 381-383, 392, 396; problem solving power issues and, 138-139, 153; and, 387-388, 391-392; productiv- practical implications and, 153-154; ity and, 372; proficiency and, 382, 392; purpose, 136; relationship between qualities for job competencies and, learning activities, work contexts, and 384-388, region and, 383, 393 power and, 138-139; research ques- research questions, 378, resource oppor- tions, 139, 150-153; results, 144-150; tunity structure and, 381; results, study framework, 138; theoretical 384-393; sampling method, 378-379; background on learning and, 136-139 self-knowledge and, 386; sex and, 381: “Invited Reaction to Postfeedback Devel- socialization and, 381; sociocultural opment Perceptions: Applying — the model and, 373-375, 396; study Theory of Planned Behavior,” 269-278 purpose, 373, 384; study questionnaire, 373, 378; teamwork and, 381; technical ability and, 387; theoretical framework, 373-378, universal vs. culture-specific skills and, 374-376, 396; workforce Job/career satisfaction: employee/career changes and, 372, 38 lyWerkplace attri- development programs and, 413-414, butes and, 381; workplace change and, 426, leadership style and, +13; perceived 382, 392 organizaticnal support and, 425; Job skills: competence measures and, 372, turnover intentions and, 403-404, of 374, cross-cultural generalizability of, 503 373-376, 396; as_ culture-specific, Leadership crisis: aspects of, 365; capacity 374, 376; definition of, 372; educa- and, 365-366; equity and, 368; HRD tional attainment and, 372, 374, 390; response to, 368; integrity and, 365- employee perceptions of, 374, frame- 366; provoking questions about, 365; works of, 374-375, 387; general vs. stakeholder voice and, 368; timely firm-specific, 377; productivity and, decision making and, 368 372; resource opportunity structure Leadership development, emotional intel- and, 381; sociocultural approach to, ligence and, 33-34 374-375; universal vs. culture-specific, Learning: centrality of self in, 215, 374-376; workplace context and, 377. contextual model of, 246-247; defi- See also Job competencies, employee nition of, 137; formal vs. informal, 60, perceptions of, in China (study) 76-77; ongoing, 59; situated cognition theory and, 204; social nature of, 204, K 212; structured vs. unstructured, 60. See also Adult learning; Behavioral Kahnweiler, W. M., “Frederick Lewis Otte change; Employee learning; Experi- (1934-2004): The Consummate Human ential learning; Informal _ learning; Resource Developer,” 5-8 Interactive workplace learning (study); “Key Characteristics of Effective and Organizational learning system; Situated ineffective Developmental Interactions,” learning; Workplace learning 59-84 Learning goal orientation, mentoring Kiel, FE, Moral Intelligence: Enhancing and, 46 Business Performance and Leadership “Learning in Interactive Work Situations: Success, reviewed, 231-233 lt Takes Two to Tango: Why Not Invite Knowledge: anagnosis and, 483; explicit, Both Partners to Dance?” 135-158 Learning organizations: characteristics 492: organizational success and, 485; of, 179-180; HRD practitioners and, tacit, 492: types of, 492. See also Knowledge retention 178-179; informal workplace trainers Knowledge retention: aging workforce and, and, 180 491-492; HRD and, 492; information Learning participation, in management technology and, +493; organizational development in China (study): barriers challenges and, 493; strategic action to learning and, 459; commitment to framework for, 492 work and, 457; conclusion, 469; Koopmans, H., “Learning in Interactive context-based learning and, 463-464, Work Situations: It Takes Two to cultural orientation and, 457-458; Tango: Why Not Invite Both Partners data analysis, 452-454; data collection, 452; decisional context and, 454- to Dance?” 135-158 Kopp, D. M., “Trainer Self-Loathing?’ 458; defining the concept of partici- pation and, 465-466; demand for 351-357 management resources and, 444- 445; discussion/implications, 462-469, economic environmental change and, 454-455, economy and, 449; findings, Leaders: avoidance by, 366; coping 454-462; formal learning and, 467; mechanisms of, 366-367; demands formulated meanings of learning on, 366; distrust of, 367; failure of, participation and, 458-460, globaliza- 365, inadequacies of, 365-366; lying/ tion and, 444, 446; guanxi model and, cheating by, 366-367; overpayment of, 466, 468; impact on individual and, 367, oversimplification by, 366. See also 460-461; organization and, 461-462; Leadership, Managers implications, 467-468; increase in Leadership: job/career satisfaction and, team spirit and, 459; interview and, 413-415; new methods for, 366. See 452, 469; lack of Chinese orientation to also Leaders learning and, 459-460; lack of trainer 504 experience and, 460; learning beyond M participation and, 460-462; learning context and, 466-467; learning expe- M.B.A. training/development programs. rience as rewarding/significant and, See Learning participation, in manage- 458-459; limitations, 468-469; linking ment development in China (study) of training to practice and, 459, McCarthy, A., “Postleedback Development management training/development in Perceptions: Applying the Theory of China and, 449; masculinity model Planned Behavior,” 245-267 and, 466, 468; method, 450-454; need McEnrue, M. P, “Choosing Among Tests for developing management compe- of Emotional Intelligence: What Is the tency and, 455-456; _ participant Evidence?” 9-42 selection, 451-452; participation and Machine operators, workplace learning by. cultural context and, 466-467; partici- See Informal learning, in problem- pation and environmental pressure and, solving contexts (study) 462-463, participation as challenging “Making Subjective Judgments in Quan- experience and, 463-465; participation titative Studies: The Importance of as transformational experience and, Using Effect Sizes and Confidence 463; perceptions of M.B.A. program Intervals,” 159-'73 and, 456-457; phenomenological Malthia, T. E., “Supplier Diversity: A inquiry approach and, 450, 469; power Missing Link in Human Resource distance and, 467-468, problems with Development,” 325-341 M.B.A. programs and, 445; propositions, Management development (MD): adapta- 467-468; purpose, 445, 450; re- tion to change and, 444; impact of, 444; search questions, 445-446, researchers organizational effectiveness and, 444 assumptions, 450-451; study signifi- See also Learning participation, in cance, 446; theoretical perspectives, management development in China 446-449, training delivery and, 460; (study); Training/development transferring learning at work and, Managers: cross-cultural approach of, 464-405 376-377, 396. See also Leaders ‘Learning to Become a Machine Operator Marques, J. F, “The New Human Resource The Dialogical Relationship Between Department: A Cross-Functional Unit,” Context, Self, and Content,” 199-221 117-123 Learning transfer: coaching/mentoring and, Mayer-Solovey-Caruso Emotional Intelli- 180; informal workplace trainers gence Test (MSCEIT), 12, 14-19, 28-31, and, 180; supervisor and peer support 33, 37. See also Emotional intelligence and, 180; workplace factors and, 180 (El) tests, and HRD professionals (study) Lennick, D., Moral Intelligence: Enhancing “Mega-Trends in the American Workforce, Business Performance and Leadership 475-479 Success, reviewed, 231-233 Mentoring: applicant attraction — and, Lim, D. H., “Influence of Trainee Charac- 44-45, 53-54; benefits of, 44; employee teristics, Instructional Satisfaction, and learning and, 60; factors affecting, 62; Organizational Climate on Perceived as learning goal process, +6; learning Learning and Training Transfer,” transfer and, 180; life stage theory and, 85-116 44, organizational concern for employees Lin, C.-P, “Comparing the Effects of and, 45; person-organization fit and, 46; Determinants of Turnover Intentions publicity on, 44; research on, 43; self- Between Taiwanese and U.S. Hospital efficacy and, 46-47; from symbolic Employees,” 403-321 action perspective, +553 typology ol, Locus of control, and behavioral change, 61. See also Developmental interactions; 250-252 Formal mentoring programs; Formal Lost Knowledge: Confronting the Threat of an mentoring programs, and applicant Aging Workforce, reviewed, 491-494 attraction (study), Mentoring Lying/cheating, by leaders, 366-367 Miller, K. L., review by, 491-494