Human physiology: an integrated approach

981 Pages·99.016 MB·English

by  Impagliazzo, Anita, Johnson, Bruce R., Ober, Claire E., Ober, William C., Silverthorn, Andrew C., Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub

A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 1 20/12/2017 21:24
Contents in Brief
UNIT 1 Basic Cell Processes: Integration
and Coordination
1 Introduction to Physiology 1
2 Molecular Interactions 28
3 Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues 58
4 Energy and Cellular Metabolism 92
5 Membrane Dynamics 121
6 Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis 164
UNIT 2 Homeostasis and Control
7 Introduction to the Endocrine System 194
8 Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties 223
9 The Central Nervous System 271
10 Sensory Physiology 307
11 Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control 355
12 Muscles 374
13 Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement 414
UNIT 3 Integration of Function
14 Cardiovascular Physiology 432
15 Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure 476
16 Blood 510
17 Mechanics of Breathing 532
18 Gas Exchange and Transport 562
19 The Kidneys 587
20 Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 618
UNIT 4 Metabolism, Growth, and Aging
21 The Digestive System 654
22 Metabolism and Energy Balance 692
23 Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism 728
24 The Immune System 754
25 Integrative Physiology III: Exercise 786
26 Reproduction and Development 800
CVR_SILV5197_08_SE_FEP.indd 2 12/2/17 6:54 AM
Strategies for Success
Top Ten Ways to Word Roots for Physiology
Succeed in Classes that
Simplify physiology and medicine by learning Latin and
Use Active Learning Greek word roots. The list below has some of the most
common ones.
By Marilla Svinicki, Ph.D., former Director of the Using the list, can you figure out what hyperkalemia
University of Texas Center for Teaching Effectiveness means?*
1. Make the switch from an authority-based a- or an- without, absence hypo- beneath or deficient
conception of learning to a self-regulated anti- against inter- between
conception of learning. Recognize and accept -ase signifies an enzyme intra- within
your own responsibility for learning. auto self -itis inflammation of
bi- two kali- potassium
2. Be willing to take risks and go beyond what is
brady- slow leuko- white
presented in class or the text.
cardio- heart lipo- fat
3. Be able to tolerate ambiguity and frustration cephalo- head lumen inside of a hollow tube
in the interest of understanding. cerebro- brain -lysis split apart or rupture
contra- against macro- large
4. See errors as opportunities to learn rather than
-crine a secretion micro- small
failures. Be willing to make mistakes in class or in
crypt- hidden mono- one
study groups so that you can learn from them.
cutan- skin multi- many
5. Engage in active listening to what’s happening in
-cyte or cyto- cell myo- muscle
class.
de- without, lacking oligo- little, few
6. Trust the instructor’s experience in designing di- two para- near, close
class activities and participate willingly if not dys- difficult, faulty patho-, -pathy related to
enthusiastically. -elle small disease
-emia in the blood peri- around
7. Be willing to express an opinion or hazard a
endo- inside or within poly- many
guess.
epi- over post- after
8. Accept feedback in the spirit of learning rather erythro- red pre- before
than as a reflection of you as a person. exo- outside pro- before
extra- outside pseudo- false
9. Prepare for class physically, mentally, and
gastro- stomach re- again
materially (do the reading, work the problems,
-gen, -genie produce retro- backward or behind
etc.).
gluco-, glyco- sugar or sweet semi- half
10. Provide support for your classmate’s attempts to hemi- half sub- below
learn. The best way to learn something well is to hemo- blood super- above, beyond
teach it to someone who doesn’t understand. hepato- liver supra- above, on top of
homo- same tachy- rapid
Dr. Dee’s Eleventh Rule: hydro- water trans- across, through
DON’T PANIC! Pushing yourself beyond the comfort hyper- above or excess
zone is scary, but you have to do it in order to
* Hyper = excess, kali = potassium, -emia = in the
improve.
blood, or elevated blood potassium
CVR_SILV5197_08_SE_FEP.indd 3 12/2/17 6:54 AM
Owner’s Manual
Welcome to Human Pattern recognition is important for all healthcare
Physiology! As you professionals, so you can begin to develop this skill by
begin your study of learning the key concepts of physiology that repeat
the human body, one over and over as you study different organ systems.
of your main tasks Chapter 1 includes two special Focus On features: one
will be to construct on concept mapping, a study strategy that is also used
for yourself a global for decision-making in the clinics, and one on construct-
view of the body, its ing and interpreting graphs. The R unning Problem
systems, and the many in Chapter 1 introduces you to effective ways to find
processes that keep the systems working. This “big information on the Internet.
picture” is what physiologists call the integration of Be sure to look for the Essentials and Review fig-
systems, and it is a key theme in this book. To integrate ures throughout the book. These figures distill the
information, however, you must do more than simply basics about a topic onto one or two pages, much as
memorize it. You need to truly understand it and be the Anatomy Summaries do. My students tell me they
able to use it to solve problems that you have never find them particularly useful for review when there
encountered before. If you are headed for a career in isn’t time to go back and read all the text.
the health professions, you will do this in the clinics. If We have also retained the four approaches to
you plan a career in biology, you will solve problems in learning physiology that proved so popular since this
the laboratory, field, or classroom. Analyzing, synthe- book was first published in 1998.
sizing, and evaluating information are skills you need
1. Cellular and Molecular Physiology
to develop while you are in school, and I hope that the
features of this book will help you with this goal. Most physiological research today is being done at
One of my aims is to provide you not only with in- the cellular and molecular level, and there have been
formation about how the human body functions but many exciting developments in molecular medicine and
also with tips for studying and problem solving. Many physiology in the 10 years since the first edition. For ex-
of these study aids have been developed with the input ample, now scientists are paying more attention to pri-
3.3 Intracellular Compartments 69
of my students, so I think you may find them particu- mary cilia, the single cilium that
FIG. 3.5 Cilia and flagella
larlyO hne tlphfeu flo.llowing pages, I have put together a brief (a) Cilia on surface of respiratory epithelium oPrci(cbm)u Cmiilcraiaro sartun bydou fl leanscg seiu llrlamroi huaanvdoe i n9ag sp arat cire es ncot fr aetl phlaliro.s uogf hth(tc) Tecthreeo a btbee sa poftliunigdld oamf yocyvilie.a m aenndt .flagella CHAPTER
Fluid movement
3
tour of the special features of the book, especially those a role in some kidney and other
that you may not have encountered previously in text- diseases. Look for similar links
books. Please take a few minutes to read about them so between molecular and cellulaFlarge llum
Microtubules
that you can make optimum use of the book as you study. biology, physiology, and medi-
Fluid movement
Each chapter begins with a list of Learning Out- SEM × 1500 cine througCilhiumout the book.
This image was taken with a scanning electron
comes to guide you as you read the chapter. Within the microscope (SEM) and then color enhanced. The
2spe.c imPensh preyparesd fioro scalnnoing gelecytron maicross- a Dynamic CeFll mieembrlande
chapters look for the Running Problem, Phys in Action, copy are not sectioned. The whole specimen is
coated with an electron-dense material, and then
and Try It! activities. Phys in Action are online video clips Pbofo htmheb yaerldesecdtir oownisth la eorele rcegtfrloenyc tbe edai bmsasc .k aB, eac tahdureseey- sonmea mic discipline, with numerous Cilia
dimensional image of the specimen is created.
that I created with the assistance of some of my stu- unanswered questions that merit further investigation
dents. Look for anTdhe cryteoskseeletoan rhacs hat l.ea sMt fivea imnpoyrt anot ffun cttihonse. “facts5.” M opvermeenste. Tnhet cyetodske leitonn hetlphs cieslls mtoevex. Ftor example,
the cytoskeleton helps white blood cells squeeze out of blood
1. Cell shape. The protein scaffolding of the cytoskeleton pro-
Play Phys in Action the references to arevid esr meecahalnlicyal storenngthl yto thoe cuell ran dc inu sormree cenlls ptla yts ahn eorievthesessy,e e lslso annogda th eey. lCposi lgiaru oawn dins fglah ngeeorllvae o ucne ltllhsd es ecne dlbl moueetm lo bnrga nexe taernes iaobnles atos
important role in determining the shape of the cell. Figure 3.4b
@Mastering Anatomy & Physiology Mastering A&P prsehopws ahorw ecydtosk etleotal ficbehrs haelnp sugppeort ymiocruovirlli m{micreo-, ntal mmovoe bdecaeusel sof taheisr mnicreotuwbule ciyntosfkeoletorn-. Special motor
proteins facilitate movement and intracellular transport by using
small+villus, tuft of hair}, fingerlike extensions of the cell mem- energy from ATP to slide or step along cytoskeletal fibers.
in the figures mabratnie othant in cereamse thee srurgfacee asre a fforr aobsmorpti osn cofi meatneriatlsi.fic research.
2. Internal organization. Cytoskeletal fibers stabilize the
with associated Phys in Action clips, and watch Kevin positions of organelles. Figure 3.4b illustrates organelles held Motor Proteins Create Movement
EiMn placEe bRy thGe cyItoNskelGeton . CNotOe, hoNwevCer, tEhatP thisT figSure is Motor proteins are proteins that convert stored energy into
and Michael as they demonstrate physiology in action. oarnrlayn ag esnmaepnsth aont do fc oomnep omsiotimone notf ian ctehlel acreel ld’sy lnifaem. Tich, ec hinantegriinogr datieredc wteidth m thoev ceymtoesnkte. leTtohnre: em gyroosiunpss, koifn emsinotso, ar npdr odtyenineisn as.r eA lal stshorceie-
from minute to minute in response to the needs of the cell, groups use energy stored in ATP to propel themselves along cyto-
just as the inside of the walled city is always in motion. One skeleton fibers.
disadvantage of the static illustrations in textbooks is that they Myosins bind to actin fibers and are best known for their
are unable to represent movement and the dynamic nature of role in muscle contraction (Chapter 12). Kinesins and dyneins
many physiological processes. assist the movement of vesicles along microtubules. Dyneins also
3. Intracellular transport. The cytoskeleton helps transport associate with the microtubule bundles of cilia and flagella to help
materials into the cell and within the cytoplasm by serving as create their whiplike motion.
an intracellular “railroad track” for moving organelles. This
function is particularly important in cells of the nervous sys-
tem, where material must be transported over intracellular
distances as long as a meter. Concept Check
4. Assembly of cells into tissues. Protein fibers of the cyto- 5. Name the three sizes of cytoplasmic protein fibers.
CVR_SILV5197_08_SE_FEP.indd 4 skeleton connect with protein fibers in the extracellular space, 6. How would the absence of a flagellum affect a sperm cell?12/2/17 6:54 AM
linking cells to one another and to supporting material outside 7. What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol?
the cells. In addition to providing mechanical strength to the 8. What is the difference between a cilium and a flagellum?
tissue, these linkages allow the transfer of information from 9. What is the function of motor proteins?
one cell to another.
M03_SILV5197_08_SE_C03.indd 69 9/12/17 2:35 PM
How to Use this Book
4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Physiology
FIG. 1.2 Organ systems of the human body and their integrat3ion. An Emphasis on Integration Also, be sure to look at the back of the text, where
FIG. 1.2 Organ Systems of the Human Body and their Integration we have combined the index and glossary to save time
The organ systems
System Name Includes Representative Functions The Integration between Systems of the Body
when you are looking up unfamiliar words. The appen-
Circulatory Heart, blood Transport of materials between all Integumentary System of the body do not
vessels, blood cells of the body dices have the answers to the Concept Check questions,
Respiratory work in isolation,
Digestive Stomach, Conversion of food into particles system
intestine, liver, that can be transported into the Figure and Graph Questions, and end-of-chapter ques-
pancreas body; elimination of some wastes Nervous although we study
system tions, as well as
Endocrine Thyroid gland, Coordination of body function them one at a time.
adrenal gland through synthesis and release of
regulatory molecules reviews of physics,
To emphasize the
Immune Thymus, spleen, Defense against foreign Endocrine logarithms, and
lymph nodes invaders Digestive system integrative nature
Integumentary Skin Protection from external system Circulatory basic genetics. The
environment system of physiology, three
Musculoskeletal Skeletal mus- Support and movement back end papers
cles, bone chapters (Chapters
include a periodic
Nervous Brain, spinal Coordination of body function 13, 20, and 25) focus
cord through electrical signals and Musculoskeletal table of the ele-
release of regulatory molecules system on how the physi-
Urinary
Reproductive Ovaries and Perpetuation of the species system ments, diagrams
uterus, testes ological processes of
Reproductive
Respiratory Lungs, airways Exchange of oxygen and carbon system of anatomical
dioxide between the internal and multiple organ sys-
external environments positions of the
This schematic figure indicates relationships between tems coordinate with
Urinary Kidneys, bladder Mseonalvuiinrteotesnn mianne tnchete; owinf atwesrtaent earrle manodval eashecyxostlheltoerwnm a oosl reogntfa vtnhihrsoe n( eshmhuroem,wna tnn.e ibnos wdphy.it eeT)h aecr eiin atpearrliotl rosyf ot hf wesomheen homeostasis is challenged. body, and tables
with conversions and normal values of blood compo-
or through a break in the skin. In addition, immune tissues are These process maps are also called flow charts, and they are frequently nents. Take a few minutes to look at all these features
4. A Focus on Problem Solving
closely associated with the circulatory system. used in health care. You will be able to practice mapping with spe-
Traditionally, physiology courses and books are organized by cial end-of-chapter questions throughout the book. so that you can make optimum use of them.
organ system. Students study cardiovascular physiology and regu- One of the most valuable life skills students should
lation of blood pressure in one chapter, and then study the kidneys
and control of body fluid volume in a different chapter. In the ac1q.2u iFruen icst itohne a nadb Milietcyh taoni stmhink critically and use informa- It is my hope that by reading this book, you will de-
functioning human, however, the cardiovascular and renal systems
communicate with each other, so that a change in one is likely to tiWoen de ftinoe p hsyosiollvogey aps threo nobrmleal mfunsct.io nAings oyf toheu bo dsyt, buutd y physiology, you velop an integrated view of physiology that allows you
cause a reaction in the other. For example, body fluid volume influ- physiologists are careful to distinguish between function and mecha-
ences blood pressure, while changes in blood pressure alter kidney shnisom.u Thlde fu bncetio np orf ea pphyasiorleogdica l tsyoste mp orr aevcentt iisc thee “twhhye” se skills. You will find to enter your chosen profession with respect for the
function because the kidneys regulate fluid volume. In this book, of the system or event: Why does a certain response help an animal
you will find several integrative physiology chapters that highlight a sunrvuivem in ab peartric uolarf s itfueatiaont? uIn roethesr wionrd st, whhiast i s btheo adoapktiv,e such as the Concept complexity of the human body and a clear vision of the
the coordination of function across multiple organ systems. significance of this event for this animal?
Understanding how different organ systems work together is CheFcork e xqamuplee, shtumioanns asr e alanrged, m Fobiigle,u terrreest raialn andim Gals,r aph Questions. These potential of physiological and biomedical research. May
just as important as memorizing facts, but the complexity of inter- and our bodies maintain relatively constant water content despite
actions can be challenging. One way physiologists simplify and “tliveinsg tin ya doryu, hrigshely vlafr”iab lqe euxteernsatl ienovinronsm aenrt.e D edhyderastiiogn ned to challenge you find physiology as fun and exciting I do. Good luck
integrate information is by using visual representations of physi- is a constant threat to our well-being. What processes have evolved
ological processes called maps. The Focus on Mapping feature in yoin uourr acnartoimtiy canadl p htyhsioilongyk thiant agllo wa uns tdo s uarvnivea inl tyhiss ihsos -skills. In each chapter, with your studies!
this chapter will help you learn how to make maps. The first type tile environment? One is the production of highly concentrated
of map, shown in FIGURE 1.3A, is a schematic representation of reurainde b yt thhe ekid Rneyu, wnhinch ianllogws tPher boodby tloe comnse rave sw ayteor. Tuhi sw ork through the Warmest regards,
structure or function. The second type of map, shown in Figure statement tells us why we produce concentrated urine but does not
1.3b, diagrams a physiological process as it proceeds through time. tetexll uts haown thde ksideneey a cicfo mypolishues cthaat ntas ka. pply what you’re reading to Dr. Dee (as my students call me)
the clinical scenario described in the problem. [email protected]
M01_SILV5197_08_SE_C01.indd 4 Phys in Action Video Topic9s/11:/17 11:49 AM Try It Activities:
pp. 130–131 Fig. 5.4 Osmolarity & Tonicity p. 21 Graphing
pp. 154–155 Fig. 5.23 Membrane Potential p. 135 Membrane Models (Lipid bylayer)
pp. 458–459 Fig.14.15 Electrocardiogram p. 251 Action Potentials
p. 494 Fig. 15.14 Cardiovascular Control p. 325 Salty-Sweet Taste Experiment
p. 545 Fig. 17.7 The Spirometer p. 468 Frank-Starling Law of the Heart
p. 549 Fig. 17.10 Respiratory Pressure p. 605 Insulin
p. 557 Fig. 17.13 Alveolar Gases p. 682 Oral Rehydration Therapy
p. 573 Fig. 18.7 Hemoglobin-Oxygen Transport
p. 610 Fig. 19.13 Renal Clearance
p. 793 Fig. 25.8 Blood Pressure & Exercise
CVR_SILV5197_08_SE_FEP.indd 5 12/2/17 6:54 AM
EIGHTH EDITION
HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH
Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D.
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, AUSTIN
with contributions by
Bruce R. Johnson, Ph.D.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
and
William C. Ober, M.D.
ILLUSTRATION COORDINATOR
Claire E. Ober, R.N.
ILLUSTRATOR
Anita Impaglizzo,
ILLUSTRATOR
Andrew C. Silverthorn, M.D.
CLINICAL CONSULTANT
A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 1 12/14/17 12:39 AM
Courseware Portfolio Manager: Lauren Harp Art Project Manager: Stephanie Marquez, Imagineering Art LLC
Content Producer: Deepti Agarwal Illustrators: William C. Ober, Anita Impagliazzo, and Cliare E. Ober
Managing Producer: Nancy Tabor Design Manager: Maria Guglielmo Walsh
Courseware Director, Content Development: Barbara Yien Interior Designer: Gary Hespenheide
Courseware Editorial Assistant: Dapinder Dosanjh Cover Designer: Gary Hespenheide
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Product Marketing Manager: Wendy Mears
Cover Photo: Motor Neuron in Muscle
Credit: Kent Wood/Science Source
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Catalogue in Publication Data is on file with the Library of Congress
ISBN 10: 0-13-460519-5; ISBN 13: 978-0-13-460519-7 (Student edition)
1 18 ISBN 10: 0-13-470434-7; ISBN 13: 978-0-13-470443-0 (Instructor’s Review Copy)
www.pearson.com
A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 2 12/14/17 12:39 AM
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN Teaching Award, the 2009 Out-
studied biology as an undergraduate standing Undergraduate Science
at Newcomb College of Tulane Uni- Teacher Award from the Society
versity, where she did research on for College Science Teachers, the
cockroaches. For graduate school, American Physiological Society’s
she switched to studying crabs and Claude Bernard Distinguished Lec-
received a Ph.D. in marine science turer and Arthur C. Guyton Physi-
from the Belle W. Baruch Institute ology Educator of the Year, and
for Marine and Coastal Sciences at multiple awards from UT–Austin,
the University of South Carolina. including the Burnt Orange Apple
Her research interest is epithelial Award. The first edition of her
transport, and most recently work textbook won the 1998 Robert W.
in her laboratory has focused on Hamilton Author Award for best
transport properties of the chick textbook published in 1997–1998
Michael Chirillo, Dee Silverthorn, and Kevin Christmas
allantoic membrane. Her teaching by a University of Texas faculty
career started in the Physiology Department at the Medical Uni- member. Dee was the president of the Human Anatomy and
versity of South Carolina but over the years she has taught a wide Physiology Society in 2012–2013, has served as editor-in-chief of
range of students, from medical and college students to those still Advances in Physiology Education, and is currently chair of the
preparing for higher education. At the University of Texas–Aus- American Physiological Society Book Committee. She works with
tin, she teaches physiology in both lecture and laboratory settings, members of the International Union of Physiological Sciences to
and instructs graduate students on developing teaching skills in the improve physiology education in developing countries, and this
life sciences. In 2015 she joined the faculty of the new UT-Austin book has been translated into seven languages. Her free time is
Dell Medical School. She has received numerous teaching awards spent creating multimedia fiber art and enjoying the Texas hill
and honors, including a 2011 UT System Regents’ Outstanding country with her husband, Andy, and their dogs.
About the Illustrators
William C. Ober, M.D. (art coordinator and illustrator) received Claire E. Ober, R.N.
his undergraduate degree from Washington and Lee University (illustrator) practiced pedi-
and his M.D. from the University of Virginia. He also studied in atric and obstetric nursing
the Department of Art as Applied to Medicine at Johns Hopkins before turning to medical
University. After graduation, Dr. Ober completed a residency in illustration as a full-time
Family Practice and later was on the faculty at the University of career. She returned to
Virginia in the Department of Family Medicine and in the De- school at Mary Baldwin
partment of Sports Medicine. He also served as Chief of Medi- College where she received
cine of Martha Jefferson Hospital in Charlottesville, VA. He is her degree with distinction
currently a visiting Professor of Biology at Washington & Lee Uni- in studio art. Following a
versity, where he has taught several courses and led student trips to five-year apprenticeship, she has worked as Dr. Ober’s partner in
the Galapagos Islands. He was part of the Core Faculty at Shoals Medical and Scientific Illustration since 1986. She was also on the
Marine Laboratory, where he taught Biological Illustration for 22 Core Faculty at Shoals Marine Laboratory and co-taught Biologi-
years. The textbooks illustrated by Medical & Scientific Illustra- cal Illustration at both Shoals Marine Lab and at Washington and
tion have won numerous design and illustration awards. Lee University.
iii
A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 3 12/14/17 12:39 AM
iv ABOUT THE AUTHORS
About the Clinical Consultant About the Contributor
Andrew C. Silverthorn, Bruce Johnson, Ph.D.
M.D. is a graduate of the is a Senior Research Asso-
United States Military ciate in the Department of
Academy (West Point). He Neurobiology and Behavior at
served in the infantry in Cornell University. He earned
Vietnam, and upon his return biology degrees at Florida
entered medical school at the State University (B.A.), Florida
Medical University of South Atlantic University (M.S.),
Carolina in Charleston. He and at the Marine Biological
was chief resident in family Laboratory in Woods Hole
medicine at the University (Ph.D.) through the Boston
of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and is currently a family University Marine Program. For three decades, he has led Cor-
physician in solo practice in Austin, Texas. When Andrew is not nell’s highly-praised Principles of Neurophysiology course, in
busy seeing patients, he may be found on the golf course or play- which students receive hands-on instruction in principles and
ing with his two rescue dogs, Molly and Callie. methods in neurophysiology. He is a coauthor of Crawdad: a CD-
ROM Lab Manual for Neurophysiology and the Laboratory Manual for
Physiology. Bruce has directed and taught in neuroscience fac-
ulty workshops sponsored by NSF (Crawdad), ADInstruments
(Crawdad and CrawFly), the Grass Foundation and the Faculty
for Undergraduate Neuroscience (FUN). He has also lead work-
shops and neuroscience courses at the Universities of Copenha-
gen (Denmark), Cologne (Germany), Ibadan (Nigeria), and the
Marine Biological Laboratory. Bruce has been named a Most
Influential Faculty Member by the graduating senior class at
Cornell and awarded the John M. and Emily B. Clark Award for
Distinguished Teaching at Cornell. His other teaching awards
include the FUN Educator of the Year Award, FUN Career Ser-
vice Award, and co-recipient of the 2016 Award for Education
in Neuroscience, sponsored by the Society for Neuroscience. He
is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Undergraduate
Neuroscience Education. Bruce’s research addresses the cellular and
synaptic mechanisms of motor network plasticity.
A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 4 12/14/17 12:39 AM
DEDICATION
The 8th edition is dedicated to my colleagues
who read every word of the first edition man-
uscript and provided valuable feedback that
helped shape the book.
Park City, Utah, June 1995
(Standing, L to R): Judy Sullivan, Patricia Munn, Dee Silverthorn, Mary Ann Rokitka, Richard Walker, Pat Berger, Norman Scott
(Seated) Shana Ederer, Prentice Hall development editor
v
A01_SILV5197_08_SE_FM.indd 5 12/14/17 12:39 AM