Human Migration in the Arctic: The Past, Present, and Future

266 Pages·2019·3.28 MB·English

by  Satu Uusiautti

MIGRATION,
DIASPORAS AND CITIZENSHIP
Human Migration
in the Arctic
The Past, Present, and Future
Edited by Satu Uusiautti · Nafisa Yeasmin
Human Migration in the Arctic
Satu Uusiautti · Nafisa Yeasmin
Editors
Human Migration
in the Arctic
The Past, Present, and Future
Editors
Satu Uusiautti Nafisa Yeasmin
Department of Education Arctic Centre
University of Lapland University of Lapland
Rovaniemi, Finland Rovaniemi, Finland
ISBN 978-981-13-6560-7 ISBN 978-981-13-6561-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6561-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019931742
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore
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Contents
1 Introduction 1
Satu Uusiautti and Nafisa Yeasmin
Part I Historical Approaches to (Im)Migration in the Arctic
2 Historical Perspectives of the Environmental
and Human Security in the Arctic 13
Stefan Kirchner
3 Nomadic Narratives of Sámi People’s Migration
in Historic and Modern Times 31
Pigga Keskitalo
4 Immigrant Women and Their Social Adaptation
in the Arctic 67
Nafisa Yeasmin and Timo Koivurova
v
vi Contents
Part II Present Dialogue and Discourses
5 Newcomers to Ancestral Lands: Immigrant Pathways
in Anchorage, Alaska 93
Mara Kimmel, Chad R. Farrell and Megan Ackerman
6 A ‘Micro-Macro’ Factor Analysis of the Determinants
of Economic Integration of Immigrants: A Theoretical
Approach 117
Nafisa Yeasmin and Timo Koivurova
7 How to Enhance Immigrant Students’ Participation
in Arctic Schools? 143
Satu Taskinen, Satu Uusiautti and Kaarina Määttä
Part III Viewpoints to the Future
8 The Determinants of Economic Integration
of Immigrants in the Nordic Countries 173
Hanna Kelm, Anke Lasek and Jan Brzozowski
9 Arctic Education in the Future 213
Kaarina Määttä and Satu Uusiautti
10 Human Strength-Spotting at School as the Future
Foundation of “Us” in the Arctic 239
Eliisa Leskisenoja and Satu Uusiautti
Notes on Contributors
Megan Ackerman is an undergraduate student at the University of
Alaska Anchorage. While her degree focuses on mathematics, she is pas-
sionate about domestic and international migration and hopes to pur-
sue a graduate degree in demography to further pursue her interests.
Jan Brzozowski, Ph.D. is the professor of economics at Department
of European Studies, Cracow University of Economics, Poland. His
research interests include economics of international migration,
i.e. immigrant entrepreneurship, return migration, socio-economic
integration.
Chad R. Farrell, Ph.D. is a professor of sociology at the University of
Alaska Anchorage. His research focuses on urban inequality, diversity
and social demography.
Hanna Kelm, Ph.D. is an adjunct professor at the Department of
Public Management and Social Sciences at the University of Economics
in Katowice, Poland. Her research interests focus on the social policy
towards families but also on the other economic aspects of the function-
ing of the European welfare states.
vii
viii Notes on Contributors
Pigga Keskitalo, Ph.D. is the associate professor of Sámi teacher edu-
cation at the Sámi University of Applied Sciences, Kautokeino Norway.
She is Title of Docent at University of Helsinki. She is a network
researcher at Migration Institute, Turku, Finland. Her research interests
include Sámi and Indigenous education, Indigenous research methods,
equity, integration and school research in various forms.
Mara Kimmel, Ph.D., J.D. (Juris Doctorate) is the deputy director
of Strategy, Research and Scholarship at the Anchorage Museum. Her
research focuses on the North, human rights, law, migration, justice and
resilience.
Stefan Kirchner, Ph.D. is associate professor of Arctic Law at the
University of Lapland, Finland. His research interests include human
rights, the law of the sea, international trade law, environmental law,
law and technology and international disaster risk reduction law.
Timo Koivurova, Ph.D. is the director and research professor of the
Arctic Centre of University of Lapland, Finland. He has specialized in
various aspects of law applicable in the Arctic. He has been involved as
an expert in several international processes globally and in the Arctic
region.
Anke Lasek Master of Arts (Humanities) and Master of Arts in
Taxation is a 2nd year Ph.D. student at the University of Economics
Krakow/Poland, focusing on global migration issues from an economic
point of view.
Eliisa Leskisenoja, Ph.D. is a teacher at the Teacher Training School
of the University of Lapland, Finland. Her main research interests
include positive psychology in different educational contexts, from early
childhood education to the upper secondary level.
Kaarina Määttä, Ph.D. is the professor of educational psychology
and a vice-rector of the University of Lapland, Finland. Her research
interests include teacher training, love and social relationships, Sámi
research, and university pedagogy and the pedagogy of supervision.
Notes on Contributors ix
Satu Taskinen, Ph.D. is Finnish and literature and Finnish as a sec-
ond language and literature teacher in Rovaniemi, Finland. Her research
interest is to enhance participation in immigrant students. Her other
interests include developing immigrant students teaching and Finnish as
a second language and literature teaching in Lapland.
Satu Uusiautti, Ph.D. is the professor of education, especially educa-
tional psychology at the University of Lapland, Finland. Her research
interests include positive psychology and development, flourishing and
the phenomenon of success in various contexts, and education and posi-
tive educational psychology in the Arctic.
Nafisa Yeasmin, Ph.D. is the researcher on International Relations,
University of Lapland, Finland. Her main research interest focuses on
immigration to the North and socio-economic adaptation of immi-
grants in the North. She is leading the UArctic Thematic Network on
Arctic Migration.
Peer Reviewers
Dr. Robert Fitzsimmons, University Lecturer, University of Lapland,
Finland
Dr. Waliul Hasanat, Professor, Dean, Khulna University, Bangladesh
Dr. Sanna Hyvärinen, Post doc researcher, Teacher/Lecturer, City of
Rovaniemi and University of Lapland, Finland
Dr. Timo Koivurova, Research professor, Director, Arctic Centre,
University of Lapland, Finland
Dr. Agnieszka Postuła, University of Warsaw, Poland
Dr. Ilkka Ratinen, Associate Professor, University of Lapland, Finland
Dr. Mari Salmela, Network Contact Point, ELO Association, Finland
Dr. Marek Szarucki, Professor, Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Dr. Satu Uusiautti, Professor, University of Lapland, Finland
Dr. Nafisa Yeasmin, Researcher, University of Lapland, Finland
Dr. Tanja Äärelä, University Lecturer of University of Lapland and
Adjunct Professor of University of Eastern Finland, Finland
List of Figures
Fig. 4.1 Dialectical relationships between women (ME) and SES
(Source Own elaboration based on Bronfenbrenner’s SES) 71
Fig. 4.2 Phases of data analysis 73
Fig. 4.3 Socio-ecological approaches of immigrant women (ME)
(Source Own elaboration based on Bronfonbrenner’s SES) 74
Fig. 5.1 Immigrant population in Anchorage, 1970–2016
(Source US Census Bureau) 96
Fig. 5.2 Geographic origins of immigrant population in Anchorage,
1970 and 2016 (Source US Census Bureau) 98
Fig. 5.3 Residential segregation of immigrant and US-born White
populations in Anchorage and comparable metropolitan
counties, 2016 102
Fig. 6.1 Macro and micro factors that narrates hypothesis
(Source Ritzer’s integrative social analysis model) 121
Fig. 8.1 Immigration flows from EU and non-EU countries (2016)
(Source Eurostat [migr_imm3ctb], accessed 25 August 2018) 177
Fig. 8.2 Immigration flows to Finland 1945–2014 (Source Statistics
Finland, http://www.stat.fi, accessed 25 August 2018) 178
Fig. 8.3 Immigration flows to Finland 1990–2016 (Source Statistics
Finland, http://www.stat.fi, accessed 25 August 2018) 178
xi