Human factors models for aviation accident analysis and prevention

256 Pages·2015·4.99 MB·English

by  Griffin

HUMAN FACTORS MODELS FOR AVIATION ACCIDENT
ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
Reviews of Human Factors Models for Aviation
Accident Analysis and Prevention
Although the aviation industry has made tremendous progress during the last
three decades by considerably reducing the number of fatal accidents, risk
investigation models are still linear and new approaches, such as network-based
models, must be developed. The information network approach provided in this
book is crucial to better understand, analyze, design and evaluate current
complexity of aviation human-system integration.
Guy A. Boy, Florida Institute of Technology, USA; NASA Kennedy Space
Center, USA; and Fellow of the Air and Space Academy
The authors undertake a comprehensive and systematic analysis of a range of
approaches to error causation, and have extended this analysis into systemic
accident and incident causation. They both advocate and demonstrate important
new methodologies that can be used to draw meaning from complex
occurrences, thereby enabling the identification and implementation of
meaningful interventions. Finally, they tackle the issue of the validity of post-
hoc analyses of accidents and incidents and how models of causation might be
examined empirically. It is a text that casts an eye both to the past and to the
future of modelling and the prediction of complex events.
Mark Wiggins, Macquarie University, Australia
Human Factors Models for Aviation Accident Analysis and Prevention provides
a new and very promising approach to understanding the complex, systemic, and
non-linear causes of accidents in both commercial and general aviation. It
represents a very important contribution to the field of aviation accident
investigation, and one that should be read by both researchers and practitioners
in that field.
Steven J. Landry, Purdue University, USA
Human Factors Models for Aviation
Accident Analysis and Prevention
THOMAS G.C. GRIFFIN
DHL Aviation, Kingdom of Bahrain
MARK S. YOUNG
Brunel University, London, UK
NEVILLE A. STANTON
University of Southampton, UK
ASHGATE
© Thomas G.C. Griffin, Mark S. Young and Neville A. Stanton 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission
of the publisher.
Thomas G.C. Griffin, Mark S. Young and Neville A. Stanton have asserted their
rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the
authors of this work.
Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited
Wey Court East
Union Road
Farnham
Surrey, GU9 7PT
England Ashgate Publishing Company
110 Cherry Street
Suite 3-1
Burlington, VT 05401-3818
USA www.ashgate.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Griffin, Thomas G. C.
Human factors models for aviation accident analysis and prevention / by
Thomas G.C. Griffin, Mark S. Young, and Neville A. Stanton.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-47243275-9 (hardback : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-47243276-6
(ebook) – ISBN 978-1-47243277-3 (epub) 1. Aeronautics–Human factors. 2.
Aircraft accidents–Investigation. 3. Aeronautics–Safety measures. 4. Aircraft
accidents–Prevention. I. Young, Mark S. II. Stanton, Neville A. (Neville
Anthony), 1960– III. Title.
TL553.6.G75 2015
TL553.6.G75 2015
363.12’465–dc23
2014033812
ISBN 9781472432759 (hbk)
ISBN 9781472432766 (ebk-PDF)
ISBN 9781472432773 (ebk-ePUB)
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
About the Authors
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1 The Field of Human Factors
2 Objectives and Aims of the Book
3 Structure of the Book
2 Modelling a Dynamic World
1 Accident Causation Models
2 Runway Overrun at Bangkok (QF1)
3 Current Application of Human Factors in Aviation Accident Investigation
4 Incidents: A Tool for Proactive Safety
5 The Influence of Modern Technology
Conclusions
Summary
3 A Complex Approach to a Complex Scenario
1 Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST)
2 The Kegworth Air Disaster
3 Data Gathering
4 Analysis of Networks
5 Implications for Further Work and Limitations
Summary
4 Development of a Study
1 The Importance of Centralising Communication
2 Expanding on the Idea of ‘Ideal’ Networks
3 Statistical Analysis of Networks
4 Selection of a Suitable Metric
Conclusions
5 Extending the Potential of Information Networks: A Bayesian Approach
1 General Aviation: The ‘Unprofessional’ Genre?
2 Investigating General Aviation Accidents
3 Developing a Bayesian Information Network Approach
4 Outcomes, Limitations and Future Work
Summary
6 Can We Validate Networks Derived from Incident Data Through
Simulation? A Pilot Study
1 Can a Validation Approach be Validated?
2 Methodology
3 Results
4 Other Results of Interest
5 Discussion
Summary
7 Incidents versus Accidents: An Industrial Study
1 Safety Management Systems within Industry
2 ‘They’ve Rebadged it you Fool!’ A Review of Best Practice in Aviation and
Beyond
3 Is Risk Really = Severity × Frequency?
4 The ‘Distance from Disaster’ Model
5 Discussion of the Benefits and Limitations of Working in Industry
6 Conclusions and Further Work
Summary
8 Conclusions
1 Book Contribution
2 Tying Together Several Aspects of the Book
3 Developments and Directions for Future Work
4 Closing Remarks
References
Index
List of Figures
1.1 The battle between performance characteristics within a system
1.2 Heinrich’s accident pyramid
1.3 Project pathway diagram
2.1 Interpretation of Bird and Loftus’ (1976) loss causation model
2.2 Diagrammatic representation of Johnson’s three-level model of accidents
2.3 Reason’s Swiss cheese model of accident causation
2.4 A simplified STEP matrix for a car accident in an urban area
2.5 Illustrating the levels of a complex socio-technical system
2.6 Illustration of interconnected feed-back and feed-forward loops through
levels of a system
2.7 Illustration of the interaction between technology and task
3.1 Interrelationship between task, social and information networks
3.2 Task network in snapshot 1
3.3 Task network in snapshot 2
3.4 Task network in snapshot 3
3.5 Communication network in snapshot 1
3.6 Communication network in snapshot 2
3.7 Communication network in snapshot 3
3.8 The five-step methodology to create the information networks
3.9 Shading key to figures 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.14 and 3.15
3.10 Information network in snapshot 1
3.11 Information network in snapshot 2
3.12 Information network in snapshot 3
3.13 Information network uncoloured for clarity
3.14 Details of nodes surrounding ‘Vibration Indicator’
3.15 Details of nodes surrounding ‘Fluctuations’
3.16 The erroneous transfer of information on the flight deck
4.1 ‘Ideal’ information network in snapshot 1
4.2 Snapshot 1 showing only nodes remaining that contained differences