Human Factors for Highway Engineers

342 Pages·2002·17.48 MB·English

by  J. a. Santos, R. Fuller, Jorge A. Santos

HUMAN FACTORS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
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HUMAN FACTORS FOR HIGHWAY ENGINEERS
EDITED BY
R. Fuller
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
J.A. Santos
University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
2002
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
THE SYSTEM: ROAD AND ROAD USER
1 Psychology and the highway enginer 1
Ray Fuller & Jorge A. Santos
2 Multiple perspectives 1
Oliver Carsten
3 Ergonomics of driver's interface with the road
environment: the contribution of psychological research 23
Farida Saad
4 Learning and the road user 43
Ray Fuller
5 A study of subjective road categorization
and driving behaviour 59
Nico Kaptein, Wiel Janssen & Mona Claessens
vi Human factors for highway engineers
THE DRIVER FROM A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
6 Human factors and driving 7
Ray Fuller
7 Visual factors in driving 9
Daniel R. Mestre
8 Perception of road users' motion 15
Jorge A. Santos, Catherine Berthelon & Daniel R. Mestre
9 Sampling information from the road environment 131
Jan Theeuwes
10 Some insights on how to work with human error
in trafic behaviour 147
Enrique J. Carbonell & Beatriz Martin-del-Rio
1 Mental workload 161
Dick de Waard
12 Learning and driving: an incomplete but continuing story 177
John A. Groeger
13 Behavioural adaptation and drivers' task control 189
Heikki Summala
14 Social psychological principles: 'the group inside
the person' 201
Mick O 'Connell
SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF ROAD USER
15 Young pedestrians and young cyclists 217
Hugo H. van der Molen
16 The psychology of the young driver 241
Ray Fuller
17 Road users who are elderly: drivers and pedestrians 255
Anabela Simoes & Claude Marin-Lamellet
Table of contents vii
ADVANCED TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY
18 A note on advanced transport technology 277
Ray Fuller & Jorge A. Santos
Glosary 283
References 291
Subject index 31
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FOREWORD
Each year around 1.2 million people lose their lives and a further 39 million people are injured
around the world from road traffic accidents, according to the World Health Organisation.
th th
They describe road traffic accidents as the 10 leading cause of death and the 9 leading cause
of burden of disease to humans, costing OECD nations an estimated US$450 billion annually,
or approximately 2% of GDP. Whilst there have been substantial savings in lives and injuries
per head of population over the last 20-30 years, road trauma still represents a massive health
problem for most western countries. Clearly, there is no room for complacency in the battle for
safe motorisation.
Road crashes are rarely the result of a single mistake. It is well recognised by researchers
internationally that there is commonly a chain of events leading up to a crash and that success
can often be achieved by a range of intervention measures. The well-publicised crash and
st
subsequent death of Princes Diana, Dodi al Fayed and their chauffeur in Paris, France on 31
August, 1997 is one example of a crash where there were a number of associated factors that
contributed to the crash and severe outcome. Had her driver been more fit to drive, had they
not been travelling at such high speeds, had they been properly restrained, and importantly
here, had the tunnel where they crashed been better engineered with a continuous central
barrier, the crash may well have been prevented or at least alleviated in its severity sufficiently
enough for them to have survived the impact.
Crashes are clearly multi-dimensional and may require a concerted multidisciplinary approach
to bring about success. Engineering, Enforcement, and Education (the three Es) are common