Human Evolution and Male Aggression Human Evolution and Male Aggression Debunking the Myth of Man and Ape Anne Innis Dagg and Lee E. Harding Copyright 2012 Cambria Press All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to [email protected], or mailed to: Cambria Press 20 Northpointe Parkway, Suite 188 Amherst, NY 14228 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dagg, Anne Innis. Human evolution and male aggression : debunking the myth of man and ape / Anne Innis Dagg and Lee Harding. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-60497-821-6 (alk. paper) 1. Human evolution. 2. Social evolution. 3. Human behavior. 4. Inter-male aggression. I. Harding, L. (Lee) II. Title. GN281.D35 2012 599.93’8—dc23 2012026268 To the late Ian Ralph Dagg and to Andrew Harding and Jill Harding Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................ ix Preface..........................................................................xi Acknowledgments............................................................ xv Section I: Primate Biology and Behavior................................... 1 Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Humans........................................................... 19 Chapter 3: Bias in the Story of Human Evolution........................ 45 Chapter 4: Humans’ Closest Cousins—Not That Fierce................. 69 Chapter 5: Appeasement.....................................................87 Section II: Primate Dyads................................................. 107 Chapter 6: Nuclear Families............................................... 109 Chapter 7: Males Befriending Infants.................................... 123 Chapter 8: Males and Females, Without the Sex........................ 141 Chapter 9: Male Friends................................................... 161 Section III: Disposing of Fallacies....................................... 179 Chapter 10: The Fallacy of Male Infanticide............................ 181 Chapter 11: Infanticide by Females—Too Common.................... 193 Chapter 12: Aggression as Culture....................................... 209 Scientific Names of Animals Discussed................................. 217 Bibliography................................................................. 221 viii Human Evolution and Male Aggression Index......................................................................... 251 About the Authors.......................................................... 257 List of Figures Figure 1: Branching time of hominoid and Old World monkey lineages ............................................................ 21 Figure 2: Branching pattern of the human family tree................... 25
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