Human Disease and Health Promotion

476 Pages·2017·37.2 MB·English

by  Leslie Beale

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HUMAN DISEASE AND
HEALTH PROMOTION
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HUMAN DISEASE AND
HEALTH PROMOTION
Leslie Beale
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Beale,Leslie,author.
Title:Humandiseaseandhealthpromotion/LeslieBeale.
Description:Hoboken,NewJersey:Jossey-Bass&Pfeiffer/Wiley,[2017]|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2016055929(print)|LCCN2016057037(ebook)|ISBN
9780470589083(paper)|ISBN9781118220580(pdf)|ISBN9781118234136(epub)
Subjects:|MESH:HealthPromotion|HealthLiteracy|PatientEducationas
Topic|CulturalDiversity
Classification:LCCRA427.8(print)|LCCRA427.8(ebook)|NLMWA590|DDC
362.1–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016055929
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverIllustration:DavidMarchal/iStockphoto
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
FIRSTEDITION
PBPrinting 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x
AbouttheAuthor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Part 1: Foundations ofHumanHealthandHealthPromotion 1
Chapter1 OverviewofHealth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter2 OverviewofWesternMedicalPractices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Chapter3 OverviewofChronicDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Chapter4 FundamentalsofCulturallyCompetentHealthCare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Chapter5 HealthBehaviorandPatientSelf-Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter6 HealthLiteracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chapter7 CommunicationSkillsforHealthCareProviders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Chapter8 PatientNavigatorsandPatientSelf-Advocacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Chapter9 BasicsofDiseaseandDiagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Part 2: HumanDiseasesfromaSystemicApproach 159
Chapter10 ImmuneSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Chapter11 EndocrineSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Chapter12 NervousSystem,SensorySystem,andRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Chapter13 CardiovascularSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter14 BloodandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Chapter15 RespiratorySystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Chapter16 TheDigestiveSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Chapter17 UrinarySystem,MaleReproductiveSystem,andRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . 323
Chapter18 FemaleReproductiveSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
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vi CONTENTS
Chapter19 MusculoskeletalSystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Chapter20 IntegumentarySystemandRelatedDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Chapter21 TheBrainandMentalHealthDisorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
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INTRODUCTION
This textbook’s introduction speaks to those most interested in reading Human Disease and
HealthPromotion.Therearenotestostudentswhowanttoknowwhatthetextbookhastooffer
themandhowitcanhelpthemintheirchosencareers.Therearealsonotestoinstructorswhowant
to know why they should use this textbook as part of their course syllabus.
Notes to Students
Are you a student seeking a job in health care, but finding that learning about human diseases is a
challenge?Areyouputoffordiscouragedaboutlearningthissubject?Doyoufindthathumandisease
textbooksaretoodifficulttoreadbecauseofmedicaljargon?HumanDiseaseandHealthPromotion
isstudent-friendlyandwrittenineasy-to-understandlanguage.Itisdesignedtohelpyouunderstand
human diseases, health promotion, and how to work with patients. It gives you the knowledge and
skills needed to get a job in health care.
Human Disease and Health Promotion has 21 chapters organized into two parts. Part 1
(Chapters 1 through 9) sets up a framework for health promotion and describes health care.
Chapters 10 through 21 are organized by body systems. Each chapter starts with an explanation
of how the body system works, then follows with a description of related common diseases. All 21
chaptersincludelearningobjectives,chaptersummaries,reviewquestions,keytermswithdefinitions,
and chapter activities.
Notes to Instructors
When one is writing a textbook for a diverse audience, the question arises, “How do you organize
content to meet the needs of your readers?” Human Disease and Health Promotion answers this
question by keeping in mind the need for flexibility. Chapters can be seen as building blocks of
information.Eachblockisincludedorexcludeddependingoncoursegoalsandoutcomemeasures.
Allchapterscanbetaughtovertwosemestersortaughtinconsecutivecourses.Part1andPart2can
eachstandalone.Chaptersequencecanbealteredorsomechaptersomitted,dependingonstudents’
needs.Somechapterscanberequired,whereasotherscanbetreatedassuggestedreadings.Human
Disease and Health Promotion is designed to be flexible to support instructors’ pedagogy and
students’ educational needs.
Notallhumandiseasesarediscussedinthistextbook.Theemphasisisoncommonratherthan
rare diseases. Although rare diseases are interesting to study, becoming acquainted with the more
commondiseasesiswhathelpsstudentsintheircareer.Forthediseaseschosen,onlyanoverviewis
givenandnotadetailedphysiologicalexplanation.Thetextbookexplainscomplexmedicalconcepts
ineasy-to-understandlanguagewhenpossible.Thisdoesnotmeanthatthetextbooklacksacademic
rigor; rather, information is presented to be understandable and useful to students.
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Thistextbookisdedicatedinlovingmemoryofmyparents,
FrederickF.Beale,MD,andAnnaV.Beale.
Ihavebeenmostfortunatetoreceivetheirgiftsoflove,
inspiration,andencouragement.
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PREFACE
H uman Disease and Health Promotion presents a new approach to learning about human
disease. Students who read this textbook improve their understanding of human disease
through a body systems approach and gain health promotion knowledge and skills.
Medical and technological advances of the 21st century continue to challenge what we know
abouthumandiseases.Thesechallengeshavemadeincreasingdemandsonhealthcareproviders.To
meet these demands, those seeking to work in health care can be trained in new and developing
nonclinical careers that support and assist physicians in a variety of health care settings.
Thistextbookisintendedforstudentswhoseeknonclinicalprofessionalcareersinhealthcare—
for example, health promotion specialists, health educators, public health workers, health care
administrators, allied health professionals, medical assistants, nursing assistants and aides, medical
secretaries,andpatientnavigators.Infact,Ihopethistextbookisusefultoanyonewhowantstowork
with and for patients.
Itcanbeacademicallydemandingtostudythebasicconceptsrelatedtodiseases.Thisisparticularly
truewhentextbooksusecomplexmedicaljargon.Thistextbook,incontrast,offersastudent-friendly
experiencebecauseitiswrittenineasy-to-understandlanguage.Whenatextbookmakesinformation
easy to understand, readers are more likely to use it. Students who read this textbook gain the
information they need to get a health care job.
Presentinghealthpromotionandhumandiseaseinonetextbookplacesspecialdemandsonthe
reader. In response, the textbook has two parts. The first part examines issues related to health
promotion and health care. The second part describes each of the body’s organ systems along with
associated common diseases.