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Law and Visual Jurisprudence 7 Series Editors: Sarah Marusek · Anne Wagner José Manuel Aroso Linhares Manuel Atienza Editors Human Dignity and the Autonomy of Law Law and Visual Jurisprudence Volume 7 SeriesEditors SarahMarusek ,UniversityofHawai’iHilo,Hilo,HI,USA AnneWagner,LilleUniversity,Lille,France AdvisoryEditors ShulamitAlmog,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel MarkAntaki,McGillUniversity,Montréal,Canada JoséManuelArosoLinhares,UnivCoimbra,UCILeR/IJ(UniversityofCoimbra InstituteforLegalResearch),FacultyofLaw(FDUC),Coimbra,Portugal LarryCatáBacker,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark,USA KristianBankov,NewBulgarianUniversity,Sofia,Bulgaria,SichuanUniversity, Sichuan,China VijayBhatia,ChineseUniversityofHongKong,HongKong,HongKong KatherineBiber,UniversityofTechnologySydney,Sydney,Australia NicholasBlomley,SimonFraserUniversity,Burnaby,Canada PatríciaBranco,UniversityofCoimbra,Coimbra,Portugal JohnBrigham,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,USA JanBroekman,KULeuven,Leuven,Belgium,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity, UniversityPark,USA MichelleBrown,UniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,USA SandrineChassagnard-Pinet,LilleUniversity,Lille,France LeCheng,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,China PaulCobley,MiddlesexUniversity,London,UK AngelaCondello,UniversityofTurin,Turin,Italy ReneeAnnCramer,DrakeUniversity,DesMoines,USA KarenCrawley,Southport,Australia MarcelDanesi,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Canada DavidDelaney,AmherstCollege,Amherst,USA NicolasDissaux,LilleUniversity,Lille,France MichałDudek,JagiellonianUniversity,Cracow,Poland MarkFeatherstone,KeeleUniversity,Keele,UK MagalieFlores-Lonjou,LaRochelleUniversity,LaRochelle,France MarcilioToscanoFranca-Filho,FederalUniversityofParaíba,Paraíba,Brazil ThomasGiddens,UniversityofDundee,Dundee,UK NathalieHauksson-Tresch,LinnaeusUniversity,Växjö,Sweden CarlosMiguelHerrera,Cergy-PontoiseUniversity,Cergy,France DanielHourigan,UniversityofSouthernQueensland,Toowoomba,Australia Lung-LungHu,DalarnaUniversity,Falun,Sweden StefanHuygebaert,GhentUniversity,Ghent,Belgium MiklósKönczöl,PázmányPéterCatholicUniversity,Budapest,Hungary MagdalenaŁągiewska,UniversityofGdańsk,Gdańsk,Poland AnitaLam,YorkUniversity,Toronto,Canada MassimoLeone,UniversityofTurin,Turin,Italy DavidMachin,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,China SamanthaMajic,CityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,USA DaniloMandic,UniversityofWestminster,London,UK FrancescoMangiapane,UniversityofPalermo,Palermo,Italy AleksandraMatulewska,AdamMickiewiczUniversity,Poznan,Poland RenisaMawani,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,Canada RostamJ.Neuwirth,UniversityofMacao,Taipa,Macao ArnaudPaturet,ParisNanterreUniversity,Naterre,France AndreaPavoni,LisbonUniversityInstitute,Lisbon,Portugal TimothyD.Peters,UniversityofSunshineCoast,SippyDowns,Australia AndreasPhilippopoulos-Mihalopoulos,UniversityofWestminster,London,UK RichardPowell,NihonUniversity,Tokyo,Japan KimalaPrice,SanDiegoStateUniversity,SanDiego,USA AlisonRenteln,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,USA MarcoRicca,UniversityofParma,Parma,Italy PeterW.G.Robson,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK AustinSarat,AmherstCollege,Amherst,USA CassandraSharp,UniversityofWollongong,Wollongong,Australia JuliaJ.A.Shaw,DeMontfortUniversity,Leicester,UK RichardK.Sherwin,NewYorkLawSchool,NewYork,USA LawrenceM.Solan,BrooklynLawSchool,NewYork,USA MateuszStępień,JagiellonianUniversity,Cracow,Poland KieranMarkTranter,QueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Brisbane,Australia FaridSamirBenavidesVanegas,RamonLlullUniversity,Barcelona,Spain DenisVoinot,LilleUniversity,Lille,France HonnivonRijswijk,UniversityofTechnologySydney,Ultimo,Australia MarcoWan,UniversityofHongKong,HongKong,HongKong OliverWatts,AustralianGovernmentArtCollection,Canberra,Australia XuYouping,GuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies,Guangzhou,China (cid:129) José Manuel Aroso Linhares Manuel Atienza Editors Human Dignity and the Autonomy of Law Editors JoséManuelArosoLinhares ManuelAtienza UnivCoimbra,UCILeR/IJ FacultyofLaw (UniversityofCoimbraInstitute UniversityofAlicante forLegalResearch),Faculty Alicante,Spain ofLaw(FDUC) Coimbra,Portugal ISSN2662-4532 ISSN2662-4540 (electronic) LawandVisualJurisprudence ISBN978-3-031-14823-1 ISBN978-3-031-14824-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14824-8 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgment Theorigin ofthis book, notwithstandingthe autonomy ofits final outcome (andthe enrichingadditionofnewinterlocutors),isaSpecialWorkshopwhichtookplaceatthe XXIXWorldCongressoftheIVR(“Dignity,Democracy,Diversity”)attheUniversity of Lucerne in July 2019 (SW 101, “Law’s Autonomy and Concepts of Human Dignity”: https://13278125-e82a-6ee5-6868-a8ae5dadd191.filesusr.com/ugd/890 d86_15de4f6b7fd74f28b9a6107c5978014f.pdf).Mostofthechapterswhichcomprise itwere,infact,writteninthecontextandundertheinspirationofthismostmemorable meeting,growing(withasignificantdegreeofincorporationofnewmaterialsandnew developments, but also with important thematic and structural changes) through the felicitousdialogue, and in specific cases also throughtheintertwined research (to be pursuedinotherstages),thatthismeetingeffectivelysetinmotion. Part of the coordination of the present volume was developed as an activity of UCILeR (University of Coimbra Institute for Legal Research), being, as such, prepared within the framework of the following research projects (financed by the Portuguese FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia): “Societal Challenges, Uncertainty and Law: Plurality | Vulnerability | Undecidability” (Projects I&D UID/DIR/04643/2019andUIDB/04643/2020). October2021 Coimbra,Portugal JoséManuelArosoLinhares Alicante,Spain ManuelAtienza v Contents Dignity/AutonomyoftheLaw/HumanRights/ComparablePersonal Autonomies:IntroducinganIndispensableGeneratingSeries (andItsProductive“Phantoms”). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JoséManuelArosoLinhares PartI Exploringthe“ConceptualBonds”BetweenHumanRights andHumanDignity FromHumanRightstoHumanDignityandViceVersa. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 JosédeSousaeBrito ModelsofConsensusandCompromiseonHumanRightsandDignity. . . 19 JoãoCardosoRosas TheFoundationsofHumanRights,DignityorAutonomy?. . . . . . . . . . 31 ManuelAtienza PartII ExploringtheProblemoftheAutonomyofLawintheTrends ofContemporaryLegalDiscourse(s) Hart,RazandKelsenonthePuzzleofLaw’sAutonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . 55 EduardoA.Chia ConstructivistMetaphorsandLaw’sAutonomyinLegal Post-Positivism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 JesúsVega PartIII IntertwiningtheClaimtoAutonomyandtheConcept ofHumanDignity Merit,ValueandJustification:HumanDignityVis-à-VisLegal (Inter)subjectivity—TheAutonomyofSubjectsWithintheAutonomy ofLaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 AnaMargaridaSimõesGaudêncio vii viii Contents BetweenPrinciplesandRules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 SilviaNiccolai TheLegalMeaningofHumanDignity:RespectforAutonomy andConcernforVulnerability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 AntónioCortês PartIV DialogueswithEmmanuelLevinas TheDoubleSenseoftheLaw-DignityRelationshipinEmmanuel Levinas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 SusanPetrilli HumanRights,RightsoftheOther,andPreventivePeace: ALevinasianPerspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 AugustoPonzio PartV DialogueswithJeremyWaldron NoArgument:HumanDignityandtheMakingofLegislation. . . . . . . . 239 JulieCopley IsDignityaNon-contingentAutonomouslyJuridical“Idea”? AConversationPiecewithJeremyWaldron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 JoséManuelArosoLinhares PartVI ExploringHumanDignityintheBoundariesofLaw DoesDignityPromoteLaw’sAutonomyorUndermineIt?TheIsraeli Controversy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 OritKamir ImagesandCounter-ImagesofHumanitas:AJusaesthetic ApproachtotheProblemofLaw’sNormativeValidity:Beyond theBlindness-and-SightednessPolarity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 BrisaPaimDuarte Dignity/Autonomy of the Law/Human Rights/Comparable Personal Autonomies: Introducing an Indispensable Generating “ ” Series (and Its Productive Phantoms ) JoséManuelArosoLinhares Abstract This introductory chapter aims to unveil the generating series which, despitethepluralityoftheperspectivesandapproachesdevelopedinthefollowing fourteen chapters, gives the ensemble an effective contextual plausibility. This generative prime series combines the four main themes mentioned in the title: the conceptsofhumandignity,theproblemofautonomy(andlimits)ofLawandlegal thinking,theconnectionsbetweenhumanrightspractices(andfoundations)andthe issueofhumandignity,therolethattheconsiderationofLaw’saspirationsattributes totheexperienceofanautonomoussubject-person. 1 Introduction “Wir Neueren haben vor den Griechen zwei Begriffe voraus, die gleichsam als Trostmittel einer durchaus sklavisch sich gebarenden und dabei das Wort ‘Sklave’ ängstlichscheuendenWeltgegebensind:wirredenvonder‘WürdedesMenschen’ und von der ‘Würde der Arbeit’. (...). Die Griechen brauchen solche Begriffs- Halluzinationen (...) [and] solche Phantomen (...) nicht.” (Nietzsche 1872, pp.275–276).ThisincisivestatementbyNietzsche—withitsprovocativejudgement on dignity-worth as being “a compensation” for (if not a hypocritical mask or an insidious lie used in) our world of “slaves” (“behaving thoroughly slavishly” and “yetatthesametimeanxiouslyeschewingtheword‘slave’”)—belongstotheshort essay“DergriechischeStaat”,thethirdofthe“fiveprefacestofiveunwrittenbooks” (Fünf Vorreden zu fünf ungeschriebenen Büchern) that he offered Cosima Wagner (as a birthday present) in 18721...—a relatively neglected text (most relevant 1“FürFrauCosimaWagnerinherzlicherVerehrungundalsAntwortaufmündlicheundbriefliche Fragen,vergnügtenSinnesniedergeschriebenindenWeihnachtstagen1872”[Thisisthededica- tion!].WeshouldnotforgetthatthehappyreunionswithCosimaandRichardinWagner’shousein J.M.ArosoLinhares(*) UnivCoimbra,UCILeR/IJ(UniversityofCoimbraInstituteforLegalResearch),FacultyofLaw (FDUC),Coimbra,Portugal e-mail:[email protected] ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1 J.M.ArosoLinhares,M.Atienza(eds.),HumanDignityandtheAutonomyofLaw, LawandVisualJurisprudence7,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14824-8_1 2 J.M.ArosoLinhares certainly for those who follow every detail of the Nietzsche/Wagner saga), with which,however(andcertainlynotbychance),MichaelRosen,inhisindispensable Dignity,establishesabriefandvibrantcriticaldialogue(Rosen2012,pp.41–46).Is howevertherecallofNietzsche’s“DergriechischeStaat”—whosebrilliantDecon- struction-Destruktiondoesnotevensparetheacquisitionofhumanrights(treatedas “transparent lies”2)—productive and adequate when we consider human dignity in its juridical context? I can say that it is. If for no other reason, because the consideration of Nietzsche’s arguments is also an opportunity to bring into the arenaJeremyWaldron’swell-knowndistinctionbetweendignityasarankingstatus (dignitas)anddignityasvalueor(absoluteinner)worth(Würde)—adistinctionwe willreturntothroughoutthisbook.3AsifwewereagreeingthatancientGreeksdid not require (have not needed or autonomized) the claim to dignity, whilst simulta- neously defending that Roman jurists certainly did... and that their unmistakable invention of dignity (albeit experiencing it as a ranking status) is certainly insepa- rable from the specification of phronesis and humanitas which fed (or have been feeding)Law’sclaimtoautonomy... And yet, this anticipation and the refutation it justifies are very far from being indispensable.AnexerciseinDestruktionasbrilliantandcorrosiveasthisprefaceby Nietzscheiswellworthitforitsownsake,especiallyinacontextliketheonewelive intoday,withitsimplacablesequenceofculturalcrisesandlimit-situations,multi- plyingperplexitiesandparadoxes(eineandereunseligeZeit?4).Inthiscontext,the emergenceofanewensembleofessaysondignityinthejuridicalcontextcanhardly avoidanautonomousexerciseinjustification.Thereasonstobesummonedhereare however far from feeding a linear argumentative path. On the one hand, the celebration of the claim or principle of dignity as an irreversible civilizational acquisition (assumed in the Western Text as a kind of an historical absolute) imposes a recurrent topos, with paths and places so intensively frequented (so invincibly crowded) that any new (more or less) celebratory incursion runs the risk of redundancy, pointlessness or banalization. On the other hand, the multipli- cationofcriticalapproaches—notonlyaddressedtotheopennessofthesignifieras such and the instability of the corresponding contexts of signification and Triebschen(lessthan3kmawayfromtheplacewheretheworkshopthatgaverisetothisbookwas held...)hadrecentlycometoanend(April1872),announcingthedistanceandthetragicrupture (whichwillnottakelongtohappen)betweenthe“philosopher”(“whowasalsoamusician”)and the“musician”(“whowasalsoaphilosopher”)[TheseformulationsarebyKerstinDecker:Decker 2012,p.11). 2“JetztmußdiesersichmitsolchendurchsichtigenLügenvoneinemTagezumandernhinhalten, wiesieinderangeblichen‘Gleichberechtigungaller’oderindensogenannten‘Grundrechtendes Menschen’,desMenschenalssolchen,oderinderWürdederArbeitfürjedentieferBlickenden erkennbarsind”(Nietzsche1872,p.275). 3Seeinfra,partIII(AnaGaudêncio’s“Merit,ValueandJustification...”)andpartV(Dialogues withJeremyWaldron).SeealsoAtienza(2022),pp.117–126. 4“UnseligeZeit,inderderSklavesolcheBegriffebraucht,indererzumNachdenkenübersichund übersichhinausaufgereiztwird!”(Nietzsche1872,p.275).