Human Cell Culture: Cancer Cell Lines Part 1 PDF
Preview Human Cell Culture: Cancer Cell Lines Part 1
HUMAN CELL CULTURE Volume I: Cancer Cell Lines Part 1 Human Cell Culture Volume 1 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Human Cell Culture Volume I Cancer Cell Lines Part 1 edited by John R.W. Masters University College London, 67 Riding House Street, London, UK and Bernhard Palsson Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK / BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON / MOSCOW eBookISBN: 0-306-46872-7 Print ISBN: 0-792-35143-6 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers Cornwall All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents Foreword to the Series vii Introduction ix Chapter 1 Sarcomas 1 BEVERLYA. TEICHER Chapter 2 Neuroblastoma 21 CAROLJ.THIELE Chapter 3 Ewing’s Sarcoma Family of Tumors 55 FRANS VAN VALEN Chapter 4 Mesothelioma 87 MARJAN A. VERSNEL Chapter 5 Pancreatic Tumors 107 TAKESHI IWAMURA and MICHAEL A. HOLLINGSWORTH Chapter 6 Adrenal Cortex Tumors 123 WILLIAME. RAINEYand JAMESJ. MROTEK Chapter 7 Thyroid Gland Tumors 137 THOMAS HOELTING Chapter 8 Pituitary Gland Tumors 149 LEOJ. HOFLANDand STEVENW. J. LAMBERTS Chapter 9 Salivary Gland Tumors 161 MITSUNOBUSATO Chapter 10 Esophageal Cancers 179 YUTAKASHIMADA v vi Chapter 11 Bladder Cancer 213 RUTH KNUECHEL and JOHN R. W. MASTERS Chapter 12 Renal Cell Cancer 231 THOMAS EBERT, ARISTOTELES ANASTASIADIS and NEIL H. BANDER Chapter 13 Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma) 251 PETRABOUKAMP Chapter 14 Melanoma: The Wistar Melanoma (WM) Cell Lines 259 MEI-YU HSU, DAVID A. ELDER and MEENHARD HERLYN Chapter 15 Melanoma: Brussels Melanoma Cell Lines 275 FRANCIS BRASSEUR Chapter 16 Melanoma: Milan Melanoma Cell Lines 283 ANDREAANICHINI,ROBERTAMORTARINI, CLAUDIAVEGETTI,ALESSANDRAMOLLA, ALESSANDRA BORRI and GIORGIA PARMIANI Foreword to the Series This series of volumes is in celebration of Human Cell Culture. Our ability to grow nearly every type of normal and diseased human cell in vitro and reconstruct tissues in 3 dimensions has provided the model systems on which much of our understanding of human cell biology and pathology is based. In future, human cell cultures will provide the tools for tissue engineering, gene therapy and the understanding of protein function. The chapters in these volumes are written by leading experts in each field to provide a resource for everyone who works with human cells in the laboratory. John Masters and Bernhard Palsson vii Introduction Continuous cell lines derived from human cancers are the most widely used resource in laboratory-based cancer research. The first 3 volumes of this series on Human Cell Culture are devoted to these cancer cell lines. The chapters in these first 3 volumes have a common aim. Their purpose is to address 3 questions of fundamental importance to the relevance of human cancer cell lines as model systems of each type of cancer: 1. Do the cell lines available accurately represent the clinical presentation? 2. Do the cell lines accurately represent the histopathology of the original tumors? 3. Do the cell lines accurately represent the molecular genetics of this type of cancer? The cancer cell lines available are derived, in most cases, from the more aggressive and advanced cancers. There are few cell lines derived from low grade organ-confined cancers. This gap can be filled with conditionally immortalized human cancer cell lines. We do not know why the success rate for establishing cell lines is so low for some types of cancer and so high for others. The histopathology of the tumor of origin and the extent to which the derived cell line retains the differentiated features of that tumor are critical. The concept that a single cell line derived from a tumor at a particular site is representative of tumors at that site is naïve and misleading. It is essential that representative cell lines are selected for study, and it is hoped that the chapters in these volumes will help appropriate selections to be made. The data on the molecular genetics of cancer cell lines has been difficult to gather as it is widely distributed throughout the literature and in a stage of transition. We do not yet know the identity of many of the altered genes for each type of cancer, or what their individual roles are in the progression of the disease. Despite being an essential resource for much of cancer research, established cell lines are associated with problems that are often ignored, but which can invalidate the work. The most important problems are cross- ix x Introduction contamination between cells of either the same or different species, contamination with microorganisms (usually Mycoplasma) and phenotypic and genotypic drift. Both cross-contamination and the presence of Mycoplasma are easily checked by PCR-based methods. Phenotypic and genotypic drift can be avoided by good tissue culture practice, ie by growing cells for only short periods before returning to frozen stocks. Many cell lines are cross-contaminated with other human or animal cell lines. Despite the fact that cell lines called Chang liver, KB and Hep-2 are known to be HeLa, authors often fail to acknowledge the fact. HeLa is just the tip of the iceberg of cell line cross-contamination. For most cell lines there is no proof of origin from a particular individual or tumor by a reliable method (DNA fingerprinting is recommended). Mycoplasma contamination is a widespread and recurring problem. Laboratories that do not test for Mycoplasma contamination often have it, and consequently allow it to spread unchecked. How many putative novel human cancer-associated proteins are derived from Mycoplasma? Many human cancer cell lines are easy to grow and maintain. With simple precautions and good practice they can provide models that are representative of almost every type of clinically advanced human cancer. Many more cell lines are needed to represent low grade, clinically localized cancer. Chapter 1 Sarcomas Beverly A. Teicher Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, Present address: Lilly ResearchLaboratories,DropCode0546, Indianapolis,IN46285. Tel:001-317-276-2739; Fax: 001 -31 7-277-6285. E-mail: [email protected] From the late 1960’s through the 1970’s development of human tumor cell lines representing every type of human malignancy was a major research activity. Innumerable attempts were made to obtain continuous growth of tumor cells derived from surgical specimens in well-defined culture systems by varying the nutrient media, serum, growth factors and hormones and substrata (glass, plastic, suspension, cellular feeder-layer). Most of these attempts failed to produce immortal tumor cell lines; however, those that succeeded resulted in the development of the vast majority of the human tumor cell lines that are in use in cancer research today (Bloom 1972; Giard et al. 1973; Fogh 1975; Fogh et al. 1977a,b). In the 1980’s, human tumor lines were established as xenografts in immunodeficient mice. After passage for generations in animals, cell culture lines were developed from some of these (Hazelton et al. 1987). Much of the research on the biochemistry and molecular biology of cancer has been derived from these cell lines, although it may certainly be questioned whether the few cells from which immortal cell culture lines originated are representative of their diseases of origin. It was recognized early on that some tissue types adapted to growth in cell culture more readily than others. Sarcomas were among the more readily cell culture-adapted cell types, so that most of the widely used cell lines in the sarcoma family have been carried in culture for 20 to 25 years. Tables 1-3 list 54 human sarcoma cell lines including: 4 fibrosarcoma; 13 rhab- domyosarcoma; 26 osteosarcoma; 3 leiomyosarcoma; 1 synovial sarcoma; 3 liposarcoma and 4 chondrosarcoma. J.R.WMastersandB.Palsson(eds.),HumanCellCultureVol.1, 1–19. ©1999KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedinGreatBritain.
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