Human Body Minipedia

50 Pages·62.568 MB·English

The human body is an amazing living machine and its study is truly a fascinating subject.
Inside your body there are millions of parts working together to keep you healthy and active.
The present book – Human Body Minipedia is a concise coverage of how our bodies are built
and how they work. Equipped with clear-cut images to illustrate the text, this book is a head-
to-toe survey of the body that children would enjoy reading.
our oTher TiTLeS
ISBN 978-93-5089-526-9
DREAMLAND PUBLICATIONS
J-128, Kirti Nagar, New Delhi -110 015, India
Tel : [phone]
E-mail : [email protected]
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DREAMLAND PUBLICATIONS
J-128, KIRTI NAGAR, NEW DELHI - 110 015, INDIA
Ph. : [phone], 2543 5657
E-mail : [email protected]
Shop online at www.dreamlandpublications.com
Like us on www.facebook.com/DreamlandPublications
the hUmAN BoDY
the human body is a unique machine made up of lots of different parts – all
working together to keep us alive and well. We probably know the names of the
bits we can see, but there are many more hidden deep inside us.
BrA iN
Liver
heArt
StomAch
LUNgS
SmALL
iNte StiNe
KiDNe YS
LArge
iNteStiNe
BLADDer
BoNe S
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BrAiN StomAch Liver
the control centre An organ in the the largest organ
of the body’s upper part of the in the human body.
nervous system. abdomen. it is it is a gland which
the brain controls an enlarged and lies on the top
every activity of muscular pouch- right-hand side
the body, such as shaped organ of the of the abdomen,
moving the muscles, alimentary canal. the under the ribs. it
and breathing. this stomach churns the helps to digest food
is where we see, food and mixes it in and keep the blood
hear, think and very strong acids clean.
dream. that partly digest it.
SmALL iNteStiNe
LArge iNteStiNe
A long wiggly tube where
A long tube-liked organ that is connected to the small
mushy food enters. it is
intestine at one end and the anus at the other. it has
the section our digestive
four parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. Partly
tract where the majority of
digested food moves through the cecum into the colon,
food digestion and nutrient
where water nutrients and electrolytes are removed.
absorption takes place.
heArt LUNgS
BoNeS
An organ made of A pair of organs used
Bones are the
muscle. it is about for respiration. the
hard, still substance
the size of clenhced lungs lie either side of
that make up the
fist and lies between the heart in the cavity of
body’s framework,
the lungs. it pumps the chest, or thorax. the
or skeleton. they
blood around the lungs take in air when
support the body
body through blood we breathe, providing
and protect the
vessels. essential oxygen to our
delicate inner
body.
organs. An adult
human has 206
long and short
KiDNeY BLADDer
bones.
two bean-shaped A triangle-shaped, sac-
eloxccarteetdo rayt othrgea rnesa r liink eth heo llolowwe ro ragbadno mloecnat. ed Did you Know?
of the abdoiminal Liquid waste, called
cavity. they filter the urine, is produced by
A baby is born with
blood and keep it the kidney and stored
around 300 bones,
clean. the kidneys in the bladder. When
some bones fuse
filter wastes from the bladder is full, it
the blood and pushes the urine out of together as the
excrete them and the body through a tube baby grows.
water in urine. called the urethra.
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BUiLDiNg BLocKS
the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of human body. every part
of our body is made of tiny building blocks called cells, which fit together like
bricks in a wall. the human body contains more than 200 types of cells that do
different jobs. they provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food,
convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialised functions.
nucleus
NUcLeAr eNveLoPe
roUgh eNDoPLASmic
reticULUm NUcLeoLUS
chromAtiN
NUcLeAr Pore
riBoSomeS
riBoSomeS
Smooth
PeroxiSome eNDoPLASmic
reticULUm
PLASmA
golgi memBrANe
apparatus
mitochoNDrioN
SecretioN
from the ceLL
SecretorY
LYSoSome
veSicLe cYtoPLASm
ceNtrioLeS microtUBULe
Did you Know?
More than 2,000 dead skin cells fell off you as you read this sentence.
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tYPe S of ceLLS
cells are classified based upon their structural and functional properties. Depending upon
the tissues they form, cells are categorised into the following –
ePitheLiAL ceLLS ADiPoSe ceLLS
Simple cells that form the cells that store fat
the covering surface of and reduce friction to
all organs. example: skin the body. example: soles,
cells, mucous cells. palms, buttock, etc.
SecretorY ceLLS BLooD ceLLS
they form gland and these are cells
are secretory in nature. that are present
example: pancreatic cells in blood, like rBc
secrete insulin; salivary and WBc.
gland cells secrete
salivary amylase, etc.
BoNe ceLLS
Nerve ceLLS
they are the toughest
they are very long and
body cells and are
have branching end.
present in bones.
mUScLe ceLLS
these are long cells with the ability to contract and relax, proving
for movements of attached structures (mostly bones).
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SYStemS of the hUmAN BoDY
the human body has various groups of organs, called systems, which
individually perform their roles so that the body can function as a whole. Some
organs work independently while some work in groups.
circULAtorY NervoUS reSPirAtorY DigeStive SKeLetAL mUScULAr
SYStem SYStem SYStem SYStem SYStem SYStem
SKeLetAL SYStem mUScULAr SYStem
it involves the bones, joints, ligaments muscles provide mobility to the different parts of
and cartilage, all of which keep the body the body.
in shape and enable it to move.
reSPirAtorY SYStem
NervoUS SYStem
it involves the nose, trachea, lungs and bronchi.
it consists of the brain, spinal cord and
nerves.
cArDiovAScULAr or circULAtorY SYStem
it consists of the heart, arteries and veins. the
DigeStive SYStem
heart receives deoxygenated blood from all parts of
this system, which processes food, the body and sends it to the lungs. it also receives
involves the mouth, esophagus, stomach, oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the
liver and intestines. rest of the body. Arteries carry blood from the heart.
veins carry blood to the heart.
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iNtegUme NtArY SYS tem
it consists of the skin, hair and nails.
LYmPhA tic AND immUNe SYS tem
it includes the lymph nodes and vessels, thymus, spleen, bone marrow,
lymphoid tissues and many types of protein.
eNDocriNe SYS tem
the system includes pituitary gland, pineal gland,
hypothalamus, ovaries, testes and thyroid gland.
reProDUctive SYS tem
it consists of the male and female sex organs.
UriNArY SYS tem
it involves the formation and voidance of urine – the liquid waste. the
parts of this system are the kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra and ureters.
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the mUScULoSKeLetAL SYStem
the musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, joints, tendons, ligaments
and skeletal muscles that are attached to the bones. muscle tissue is also found
inside of heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. in these organs, muscles
serve to move substances throughout the body.
the hUmAN SKeLetoN
the human skeleton is a framework of over 200 bones with marrow inside them. the skeleton’s
bones protect the softer and sensitive body-parts and act as anchors for the muscles and as
levers for their movement.
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riB cAge
the rib-cage has 12 pairs of ribs. it
is a box around the lungs. it changes
its shape to allow the lungs to
expand and contract while breathing.
SKULL
the human skull contains 22 bones.
it protects the all-important brain
and supports the other soft tissues
of the head.
the SKeLetoN’S APPeNDeD PArt
the skeleton’s appended part includes bones
of the arms and legs along with their supports
– shoulder girdle and hip girdle.
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