Human Body

66 Pages·2017·14.212 MB·English

by  Dr. Bipasha Choudhury

Human Body
Author: Dr. Bipasha Choudhury
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Contents
Editors Kathleen Teece, Kritika Gupta
Designer Emma Hobson 4 Inside out
Design assistant Bettina Myklebust-Stovne
Project art editor Yamini Panwar 6 Growth
US senior editor Shannon Beatty
Managing editors Laura Gilbert,
8 The bare bones
Monica Saigal
Managing art editors Diane Peyton Jones,
Neha Ahuja Choudhry 10 The skull
Pre-production producer Marina Hartung
Producer Isabell Schart 12 The brain
Art director Martin Wilson
Publisher Sarah Larter
14 Nervous system
Publishing director Sophie Mitchell
Educational consultant Jacqueline Harris
16 Muscle power
First American Edition, 2017
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
18 Organs
Copyright © 2017 Dorling Kindersley Limited
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC
17 18 19 20 21 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
20 Heart to heart
001– 299030–Sept/2017
All rights reserved.
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, 22 Breathe in
no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or
introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form,
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, 24 Blood
recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission
of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of
Congress. ISBN 978-1-4654-6308-1
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk
for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For
details, contact: DK Publishing Special
Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014
[email protected]
Printed and bound in China
All images © Dorling Kindersley Limited
For further information see: www.dkimages.com
A WORLD OF IDEAS:
SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW
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Contents
26 Immune squad 48 Emotions
28 Healing 50 Skin bacteria
30 Digestion 52 Bacteria... or virus?
32 Getting energy 54 Exercise
34 Teeth 56 Superhuman
36 The body clock 58 Human body facts and figures
38 Genes 60 Glossary
Toot
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40 Senses 62 Index
42 Eyes 64 Acknowledgments
44 Hearing
46 Taste and smell
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Red blood cells
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The cell
The cell is the smallest ! WOW!
living part of the body.
Different cells do
different jobs.
There are over
37.2 trillion
cells in an
average human.
Tissues
Similar cells form
tissues. There are
four tissue types in
Tissues in the liver
the body, including do similar jobs, like
muscle tissue. get rid of poisons
in food.
Inside out
The body is made up of 300 bones, 24
Organs
organs, 11 organ systems, and at least
Similar tissues join together
26 ft (8 m) of bowel! The brain controls to form organs, like the
heart and kidneys.
everything to help them work together. The
skin is a strong waterproof wrapping paper
that keeps the body together in a neat shape.
4
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WOW!
Organ system
Organs that carry out
similar jobs make up
organ systems such as
the digestive system.
The body
The different organ systems
join together to make one
individual human being
like you!
The cell Cytoplasm
is a soupy
Digestive organs
Cells are made up of even mixture in
help break down
tinier structures that work the cell.
food for the body.
to help the cell do its job.
The plasma membrane
surrounds each cell. It is Plasma The nucleus
like a fence that controls membrane controls
what comes into the cell. the cell.
Structure of a cell
5
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Growth
12 years old
Bones continue to grow so
the child gets taller. They
Bones start to form at around six weeks should do exercise to make
their bones stronger.
old in the womb and continue to grow
into adulthood. As bones become
longer, muscles grow and get stronger.
Organs get bigger and we get heavier.
Bone cells
Infant harden into
Embryo
strong bones.
Babies usually start to walk at
Life begins as a ball of
around the age of one. Many
cells called an embryo in
of their bones are very soft.
the mother’s womb. The
cells divide so that there
are more cells to form
a fetus.
The fetus is
curled up in
the womb.
A six-week-old
embryo is Many bones
around 2⁄25 in join together
(5 mm) long. as infants age.
Fetus
It takes nine months to
Four years old
grow a baby. While it is in
the mother’s uterus, it is Most of the soft bones from Hormones tell
the bones to
called a fetus. infancy have hardened by
keep growing.
the age of four.
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Bone shapes
Adult
An adult is fully grown from
We have different shapes of bone that
around the age of 18. This
help us to move in different ways. Each
means their bones will not
shape is made to match the job of the
grow any longer.
bone in the body. Small bones allow lots
of movement. Other bones are made to
support us and give us strength.
These small bones
are inside the
always-moving
hands and feet.
Square bone
These strong
bones inside the
spine support lots
of muscles.
Irregular bone
This long bone
is inside the arm,
others are found
in the leg.
Long bone
The sesamoid bone
in the kneecap is
shaped like a
We shrink a little in old sesame seed!
age as the discs in our
back get squashed.
Sesamoid bone
7
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s es. al e
X-rays show bones in white because they are the most solid parts. SpineThis column that runs up your back imade up of 33 bonIt protects the spincord connecting thbody and brain. en b ao endeisnI
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X-rayX-ray photos show bones through the skin. A doctor will take an X-ray if they think you have broken a bone. Carpalselciv Ulna b enipS Pelvis
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Spine
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one ther and otect soft store ortant jobe makes xygen n bones Humerus Ribs Radius
The bare b Bones keep your body parts togehold everything upright. They prorgans, such as the heart. Bones calcium, which is needed for impin the body. Marrow inside a bon new red blood cells, which take oto our body parts. Muscles pull oto make you move. CartilageSquishy cartilage connects bones together that need to move, such as ribs for breathing.Cartilage in blue esurrounded by galother tissue.itrac edisnI tnioj eenK
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