Table Of Content

CK-12 F OUNDATION Human Biology - Reproduction Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) Stanford University To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook mate- rials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2011 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®”, and “FlexBook Platform®”, (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share Alike 3.0 Un- ported (CC-by-NC-SA) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: August 2, 2011 Author The Program in Human Biology, Stanford University i www.ck12.org Contents 1 Introduction to Reproduction - Student Edition (Human Biology) 1 1.1 Human Biology: An Interdisciplinary Life Science Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Introduction to Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Reproduction - Student Edition (Human Biology) 4 2.1 Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Sex Organs - Student Edition (Human Biology) 8 3.1 Sex Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 Pregnancy and Childbirth - Student Edition (Human Biology) 17 4.1 Pregnancy and Childbirth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 Becoming a Parent - Student Edition (Human Biology) 28 5.1 Becoming a Parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 Adolescent Pregnancy - Student Edition (Human Biology) 33 6.1 Adolescent Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7 Family Planning and Abstinence - Student Edition (Human Biology) 43 7.1 Family Planning and Abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 8 Contraception - Student www.ck12.org ii Edition (Human Biology) 51 8.1 Contraception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9 Interrupting Pregnancy - Student Edition (Human Biology) 63 9.1 Interrupting Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 10 Making Decisions - Student Edition (Human Biology) 68 10.1 Making Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 11 Reproduction Glossary - Student Edition (Human Biology) 74 11.1 Reproduction Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 iii www.ck12.org www.ck12.org iv Chapter 1 Introduction to Reproduction - Student Edition (Human Biology) 1.1 Human Biology: An Interdisciplinary Life Sci- ence Curriculum An inquiry-based guide for the middle school student. Originally developed by the Program in Human Biology at Stanford University and r EVERYDAY LEARNING Donated to CK-12 Foundation under the Creative Commons Attibution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC- BY-NC-SA) license. This license allows others to use, distribute, and create derivative works based on that content. 1.2 Introduction to Reproduction Contents 1 Reproduction 2 Sex Organs 3 Pregnancy and Childbirth 4 Becoming a Parent 5 Adolescent Pregnancy 6 Family Planning and Abstinence 7 Contraception 8 Interrupting Pregnancy 9 Making Decisions Glossary 1 www.ck12.org Text Author Herant Katchadourian Activity Authors Modell Marlow Andersen, Ken Whitcomb Principal Investigator H. Craig Heller, Project Director Mary L. Kiely Permissions Reprinted from Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl (New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell) Excerpts from New Kids on the Block: Oral Histories of Immigrant Teens © 1989, by Janet Bode. Franklin Watts. Reprinted by the permission of Grolier Publishing Company, Danbury, Connecticut. FLOUR BABIES by Anne Fine, Little, Brown and Company. Photo Credits 1 (top center), David Young-Wolff/PhotoEdit; 4 (top center), Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit; 13 (top center), SIU/Visuals Unlimited; 16 (left), SIU/Visuals Unlimited; 18 (left, 8 wks), SIU/Visuals Unlimited; (light, 14 wks), Cabisco/Visuals Unlimited; 23 (top center), A. Ramey/PhotoEdit; 26 (bottom center), Mark Richards/PhotoEdit; 28 (top center), Richard Hutchings/PhotoEdit;37(topcenter),JohnathanNourok/PhotoEdit;46(topcenter),CharlesThatcher/Tony Stone Images; 58 (top center), Robert Kusel/Tony Stone Images; 59 (top left), SIU/Visuals Unlimited; 63 (top center), Robert E. Daemmrich/Tony Stone Images p. 23, statistics on teenage pregnancy; pp. 29 and 30, teenage pregnancy facts; p. 35, statistics on pregnant teens: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1998. Facts in Brief: Teen Sex and Pregnancy. Web site: http://www.agi-usa.org/ p. 25, age of marriage: Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 1989, 1990. “Advance Report of Final Marriage Statistics.” Vol. 43, No. 12 supplement. p. 25, family profiles: Nutritional Center for Educational Statistics. 1996. Youth Indicators. U.S. Department of Commerce. Trends in the Well-Being of American Youth. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports (no. 433), Household and Family Characteristics (no 445), Various Years and Marital Status and Living Arrangements (no. 450). p. 25, adopting children: American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Web site: http://www.asrm.org/ p. 28, pregnant 14-year-olds: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, 1275 Mamaroneck Ave., White Plains, N.Y. 10605. Web site: http://www.modimes.org/ p. 29, Figure 5.1 and statistics on teenage pregnancy, contraception, abortion; p. 33, “Did You Know?”: Alan Gottmacher Institute. Facts in Brief on Youth. Web site: http://www.agiusa.org/ p. 31, “Did You Know?” and Figure 5.2: United States Department of Agriculture. 1997. Expenditures on Children by Families (Annual Report). p. 38, “Did You Know?”; p. 39, population increases: U.S. Bureau of the Census. International Data Base. p. 38,Figure6.1: Katchadourian,Herant. 1989. FundamentalsofHumanSexuality,5thed. SanFrancisco: Holt, Rhinehart, & Winston. p. 52, “Did You Know?” and pp. 55-56 and 59, contraception failure rates: Alan Gottmacher Institute. Facts in Brief: Contraception. Web site: http://www.agi-usa.org/ pp. 52-54, contraception failure rates: Planned Parenthood/Alan Gottmacher Institute. Facts in Brief: Contraception. Web site: http://www.agiusa.org/ www.ck12.org 2 p. 58, “Did You Know?”: Katchadourian, Herant. 1989. Fundamentals of Human Sexuality, 5th ed. San Francisco: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston. p. 60-61, “Did You Know?” and abortion data: Alan Gottmacher Institute. Facts in Brief: Abortion. Web site: http://www.agi-usa.org/ Originally Published by Everyday Learning Corporation Everyday Learning Development Staff Editorial Steve Mico Leslie Morrison Susan Zeitner Production/Design Fran Brown Annette Davis Jess Schaal Norma Underwood Additional Credits Project Editor: Dennis McKee Shepherd, Inc. ISBN 1-57039-689-2 Stanford University’s Middle Grades Life Science Curriculum Project was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York, and The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. ThecontentoftheHumanBiologycurriculumisthesoleresponsibilityofStanfordUniversity’s Middle Grades Life Science Curriculum Project and does not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the National Science Foundation, Carnegie Corporation of New York, or The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. 3 www.ck12.org Chapter 2 Reproduction - Student Edition (Human Biology) 2.1 Reproduction What is reproduction and why is it so difficult to talk about? How old were you when you first wondered where babies come from? Who discussed it with you? What was the explanation? Children used to be told many fanciful stories about babies (Figure 1.1). Now children are given more accurate explanations, but still often less than the full story. www.ck12.org 4