Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual

931 Pages·2022·71.956 MB·English

by  Elaine Marieb, Lori Smith

This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and
GLOBAL GLOBAL
universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition
for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you
EDITION MAIN VERSION EDITION
purchased this book within the United States or Canada, you should be aware EG
DL
that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. ITO
IOB
A
NL

Marieb and Smith’s Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual facilitates and enriches
the laboratory experience of students and teachers specializing in nursing, physical therapy,
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Human Anatomy
pharmacology, respiratory therapy, and exercise science as well as those in biology and
u
premedical programs. This text emphasizes the background discussions and terminology
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necessary to perform all experiments and eliminates the need for students to bring a textbook
a & Physiology
into the laboratory. Ln
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The twelfth edition continues to serve as a self-contained learning aid that helps students bA
navigate complex exercises such as examining skeletal muscle cell anatomy, palpating skull on Laboratory
markings, and opening the ventral body cavity. Each laboratory exercise is preceded by a Pre- ra
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Lab Quiz and followed by an Exercise Review Sheet, which provide students with opportunities to
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to recollect and apply the most important concepts learned. m Manual
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Key Features
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• Homeostatic Imbalance discussions direct students’ attention to conditions representing a
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a loss of homeostasis and foster an integrated understanding of the human body. h
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• Group Challenge activities enhance collaborative group learning by challenging students as
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to think critically, identify relationships between anatomical structures and physiological o
functions, and achieve a deeper understanding of anatomy and physiology concepts. l
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• Clinical Application questions, newly added to each chapter’s Exercise Review Sheet,
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encourage students to apply lab concepts and critical-thinking skills to real-world clinical
scenarios.
• PhysioEx™ 10.1 exercises, located at the back of the laboratory manual, offer
63 physiology lab activities that can be used to supplement wet labs. T Elaine N. Marieb
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Available separately for purchase is Mastering A&P for Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory ITE Lori A. Smith
L
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OF
Manual, the teaching and learning platform that empowers instructors to personalize learning
T
N
H
for every student. Eight new Pre-Lab Video Coaching Activities focus on key concepts in

the lab activity and walk students through important procedures such as examining a long bone,
palpating superficial pulse points, and auscultating heart sounds. Expanded Dynamic Study
Modules help students study effectively on their own by continuously assessing their activity
SM
and performance in real time. When combined with Pearson’s trusted educational content, this m
a
optional suite helps deliver the desired learning outcomes. itri
he
b
CVR_MARI2259_12_GE_CVR_Ashford.indd All Pages 05/07/22 12:21 PM
The Metric System
Anatomy and Physiology
*
Laboratory Safety Guidelines
Metric to English English to metric
1. Upon entering the laboratory, locate exits, fire extinguisher, fire blanket, chemical shower, Measurement Unit and abbreviation Metric equivalent conversion factor conversion factor
eyewash station, first aid kit, containers for broken glass, and materials for cleaning up spills.
Length 1 kilometer (km) 5 1000 (103) meters 1 km 5 0.62 mile 1 mile 5 1.61 km
2. Do not eat, drink, smoke, handle contact lenses, store food, or apply cosmetics or lip balm in 1 meter (m) 5 100 (102) centimeters 1 m 5 1.09 yards 1 yard 5 0.914 m
the laboratory. Restrain long hair, loose clothing, and dangling jewelry. 5 1000 millimeters 1 m 5 3.28 feet 1 foot 5 0.305 m
3. Students who are pregnant, are taking immunosuppressive drugs, or have any other medical 1 m 5 39.37 inches 1 foot 5 30.5 cm
conditions (e.g., diabetes, immunological defect) that might necessitate special precautions in 1 centimeter (cm) 5 0.01 (1022) meter 1 cm 5 0.394 inch 1 inch 5 2.54 cm
1 mm 5 0.039 inch
the laboratory must inform the instructor immediately.
1 millimeter (mm) 5 0.001 (1023) meter
4. Wearing contact lenses in the laboratory is inadvisable because they do not provide eye 1 micrometer (μm) 5 0.000001 (1026) meter
protection and may trap material on the surface of the eye. Soft contact lenses may absorb [formerly micron (μ)]
volatile chemicals. If possible, wear regular eyeglasses instead. 1 nanometer (nm) 5 0.000000001 (1029)
[formerly millimicron meter
5. Use safety glasses in all experiments involving liquids, aerosols, vapors, and gases. (mμ)]
6. Decontaminate work surfaces at the beginning and end of every lab period, using a 1 angstrom (Å) 5 0.0000000001
(10210) meter
commercially prepared disinfectant or 10% bleach solution. After labs involving dissection of
preserved material, use hot soapy water or disinfectant. Area 1 square meter (m2) 5 10,000 square 1 m2 5 1.1960 square 1 square yard 5
centimeters yards 0.8361 m2
7. Keep all liquids away from the edge of the lab bench to avoid spills. Clean up spills of viable
1 m2 5 10.764 square 1 square foot 5
materials using disinfectant or 10% bleach solution. feet 0.0929 m2
8. Properly label glassware and slides. 1 square centimeter 5 100 square 1 cm2 5 0.155 square 1 square inch 5
(cm2) millimeters inch 6.4516 cm2
9. Use mechanical pipetting devices; mouth pipetting is prohibited.
Mass 1 metric ton (t) 5 1000 kilograms 1 t 5 1.103 ton 1 ton 5 0.907 t
10. W ear disposable gloves when handling blood and other body fluids, mucous membranes, and
1 kilogram (kg) 5 1000 grams 1 kg 5 2.205 pounds 1 pound 5 0.4536 kg
nonintact skin, and when touching items or surfaces soiled with blood or other body fluids.
1 gram (g) 5 1000 milligrams 1 g 5 0.0353 ounce 1 ounce 5 28.35 g
Change gloves between procedures. Wash hands immediately after removing gloves. (Note: Cover
1 g 5 15.432 grains
open cuts or scrapes with a sterile bandage before donning gloves.)
1 milligram (mg) 5 0.001 gram 1 mg 5 approx. 0.015
11. Place glassware and plasticware contaminated by blood and other body fluids in a disposable grain
autoclave bag for decontamination by autoclaving, or place them directly into a 10% bleach 1 microgram (μg) 5 0.000001 gram
solution before reuse or disposal. Place disposable materials such as gloves, mouthpieces, Volume 1 cubic meter (m3) 5 1,000,000 cubic 1 m3 5 1.3080 cubic 1 cubic yard 5
swabs, and toothpicks that have come into contact with body fluids into a disposable autoclave (solids) centimeters yards 0.7646 m3
bag, and decontaminate before disposal. 1 m3 5 35.315 cubic 1 cubic foot 5
feet 0.0283 m3
12. T o help prevent contamination by needlestick injuries, use only disposable needles and lancets. Do
not bend the needles and lancets. Needles and lancets should be placed promptly in a labeled, 1 cubic centimeter 5 0.000001 cubic meter 1 cm3 5 0.0610 cubic 1 cubic inch 5
puncture-resistant, leakproof container and decontaminated, preferably by autoclaving. (cm3 or cc) 5 1 milliliter inch 16.387 cm3
1 cubic millimeter (mm3) 5 0.000000001 cubic meter
13. Do not leave heat sources unattended.
Volume 1 kiloliter (kl or kL) 5 1000 liters 1 kL 5 264.17 gallons 1 gallon 5 3.785 L
14. Report all spills or accidents, no matter how minor, to the instructor. (liquids 1 liter (l or L) 5 1000 milliliters 1 L 5 0.264 gallons 1 quart 5 0.946 L
and gases)
15. Never work alone in the laboratory. 1 L 5 1.057 quarts
1 milliliter (ml or mL) 5 0.001 liter 1 ml 5 0.034 fluid 1 quart 5 946 ml
16. Remove protective clothing before leaving the laboratory.
5 1 cubic centimeter ounce 1 pint 5 473 ml
1 ml 5 approx. 14 1 fluid ounce 5
*Adapted from: teaspoon 29.57 ml
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), Fifth Edition. 2007. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, 1 ml 5 approx. 15–16 1 teaspoon 5 approx.
D.C. www.cdc.gov/od/OHS/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm drops (gtt.) 5 ml
Centers for Disease Control. 1996. “Universal Precautions for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infec- 1 microliter (μl or μL) 5 0.000001 liter
tions.” W ashington, D.C. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/bp_universal_precautions.html
Time 1 second (s or sec) 5 1 minute    
Johnson, Ted, and Christine Case. 2010. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology, Ninth Edition. San Francisco: P earson Benja- 60
min Cummings. 1 millisecond (ms or msec) 5 0.001 second
School Chemistry Laboratory Safety Guide. 2006. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Bethesda, MD. www.cpsc.gov/
Temperature Degrees Celsius (°C)   °F 5 9 (°C) 1 32 °C 5 5 (°F 2 32)
CPSCPUB/PUBS/NIOSH2007107.pdf 5 9
CVR_MARI2259_12_GE_CVR_Ashford_IFC_IBC.indd All Pages 05/07/22 12:23 PM
Your time is valuable. Make the most
of your time inside and outside the lab.
To help you manage your time inside and outside the A&P lab classroom, this
best-selling manual works hand-in-hand with Mastering A&P, the leading online
homework and learning program for A&P. This edition features dozens of new,
full-color figures and photos, revamped Clinical Application questions, an
expanded set of pre-lab videos, dissection videos, and more.
9
The Axial Skeleton
NEW! Mastering
E X E R C I S E
A&P study tools
are highlighted on the
first page of each lab
Learning Outcomes
Go to Mastering A&P™ > Study exercise, along with a
Area to improve your performance
▶▶Name the three parts of the axial skeleton. in A&P Lab. photo preview of a
▶▶Identify the bones of the axial skeleton, either by examining disarticulated related pre-lab video,
bones or by pointing them out on an articulated skeleton or skull, and
name the important bone markings on each. image from Practice
▶▶Name and describe the different types of vertebrae. Anatomy Lab 3.1 (PAL),
▶▶Discuss the importance of intervertebral discs and spinal curvatures.
or animation.
▶▶Identify three abnormal spinal curvatures.
▶▶List the components of the thoracic cage.
▶▶Identify the bones of the fetal skull by examining an articulated skull or
image. > Lab Tools > Bone & Dissection
▶▶Define fontanelle, and discuss the function and fate of fontanelles. Videos NEW! Mastering
▶▶Discuss important differences between the fetal and adult skulls. Instructors may assign new
Building Vocabulary coaching A&P assignments,
activities, Pre-Lab Quiz questions, Art
Pre-Lab Quiz Instructors may assign these and other Pre-Lab Labeling activities, related bone videos including NEW
Quiz questions using Mastering A&P™ and coaching activities, Practice
Anatomy Lab Practical questions (PAL), Building Vocabulary
1. The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and more using the Mastering A&P™
and the: Item Library. Coaching Activities,
a. thoracic cage c. hip bones
b. femur d. humerus are signaled at
2. The bone allows the passage of the optic and Materials appropriate points
trigeminal nerves. ▶▶Intact skull and Beauchene skull
a. occipital b. temporal c. sphenoid ▶▶X-ray images of individuals with scoliosis, throughout the manual
3. The vertebrae contribute to the formation of the lordosis, and kyphosis (if available)
pelvis. ▶▶Articulated skeleton, articulated vertebral to help you connect the
a. lumbar b. sacral c. coccygeal column, removable intervertebral discs
exercises to relevant
4. The , commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat ▶▶Isolated cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx assignments that can
and the xiphoid process. ▶▶Isolated fetal skull
a. coccyx b. sacrum c. sternum be auto-graded in
5. The sagittal suture:
a. is between the two parietal bones Mastering A&P.
b. is between the frontal and temporal bones
c. is between the parietal and temporal bones
d. is between the occipital and parietal bones
T
he axial skeleton (the green portion of Figure 8.1 on p. 122) can be divided into
three parts: the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. This division
of the skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body and protects the brain,
spinal cord, heart, and lungs.
133
See p. 133
M09_MARI2259_12_GE_C09.indd 133 17/06/2022 15:55
1
A01_MARI2259_12_GE_FM.indd 1 18/07/22 07:18
Be Prepared: Learning in A&P Lab
is an Active Process.
M09_MARI635B8e_1f3o_rSeE_ gC0o9i.inndgd Pinagteo 1 4t1h e11 /l6a/1b7, 3r:e21a PdM tf-h00e3 5b ackgroun/2d03 i/PnHf0o3r3m35/a97t8i0o1n34 8f0o6r3 5t8h_MeA eRIxEeBr/McAisReIE, Bc_oHUnMnAeNc_tA NATOMY_AND_PHYSIOLOGY_LAB_MANUAL1 ...
your reading to the figures and photos, complete the pre-lab quiz, and preview the
questions in the tear-out Exercise Review Sheet. After lab, review your lab notes
to remember important conceM1p3_MtAsR.I6 3T58_o13_ SiEm_C13p.indrd Poagve 2e24 1y1/7o/17 u 3:4r4 P Mp f-0e03r5 forma/203n/PHc03e335 /o978n013 48l0a635b8_M ApRIErBa/MAcRtIEBi_cHaUMlAN _ANATOMY_AND_PHYSIOLOGY_LAB_MANUAL1 ...
exams, log into Mastering A&P, where you can watch related videos, practice with
Review Sheet 9 141
customized flashcards, and more.
224 Review Sheet 13
The Fetal Skull Muscles of the Head and Neck
3. Using choices from the key at the right, correctly identify muscles provided with leader lines on the illustration.
NEW! Dozens of full-color
22. Are the same skull bones seen in the adult also found in the fetal skull? _____________Ke_y:_________________________________
figures and photos have
a. buccinator
been added to the Exercise
23. How does the size of the fetal face compare to its cranium? _______________________b._ _d_ep_re_sso_r _an_gu_li_ or_is_______________________
Review Sheets, replacing
c. depressor labii inferioris
black-and-white line drawings.
Selecte d_ _l_a_b_e_li_n_g_ _q_u_e_s_t_i_o_n_s_ _______________________________________________________d._ _fr_on_ta_l b_el_ly _of_ th_e_ ep_ic_ra_ni_us___________________
are available as new Art- e. levator labii inferioris
Label iHnogw a dsoseisg tnhmis ceonmtpsa rien t o the adult skull? ______________________________________f. __m_as_se_te_r____________________________
Mastering A&P. g. mentalis
__________________________________________________________________________h._ _o_cci_pi_ta_l b_ell_y o_f _th_e _ep_ic_ran_iu_s__________________
i. orbicularis oculi
__________________________________________________________________________j. __o_rbi_cu_la_ris_ o_ris__________________________
k. risorius
24. What are the outward conical projections on some of the fetal cranial bones? _________l. __st_er_no_cl_eid_o_m_ast_oi_d_______________________
See p. 242
m. zygomaticus minor and major
4. Using the key provided in question 3, identify the muscles described next.
25. What is a fontanelle? _________________________________________________________________________________________
________ 1. used in smiling ________ 6. used to form the vertical frown crease on
the forehead
What is its fate? ______________________________ _2_. _us_ed_ to_ s_uc_k _in_ yo_u_r c_he_ek_s_________________________________________________________
Compare to Previous Edition ________ 7. your kissing muscle
________ 3. used in blinking and squinting
________ 8. prime mover of jaw closure
What is the function of the fontanelle_s_ _i_n__ _t_h 4e. ufseedt tao lp osukt (upulllls? th _e c_or_ne_rs_ o_f t_he_ ____________________________________________________
mouth downward) ________ 9. tenses skin of the neck during shaving
________ 5. raises your eyebrows for a questioning
_______________________________________ex_pr_ess_io_n_________________________________________________________________
+
26. Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fontanelles is replaced by bone prematurely. Discuss the rami-
fications of this early closure.
NEW! Clinical Application Questions have been
added to the Exercise Review Sheets to help you connect
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
lab concepts with real-world clinical scenarios.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
+
27. As we age, we often become shorter. Explain why this might occur. ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
See p. 159
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NEW! Building Vocabulary Coaching Activities are a fun way to learn word
roots and+ A&P terminology while building and practicing important language skills.
28. The xiphoid process is often missing from the sternum in bone collections. Hypothesize why it might be missing. __________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A01_MARI2259_12_GE_FM.indd 2 18/07/22 07:18
Get 24/7 videos, coaching, and practice
with Mastering A&P.
EXPANDED! 8 new Pre-Lab Video
Coaching Activities in Mastering A&P
(for a total of 18) focus on key
concepts in the lab activity and walk
you through important procedures.
New pre-lab video topics include
Preparing and Observing a Wet
Mount, Examining a Long Bone,
Initiating Pupillary Reflexes, Palpating
Superficial Pulse Points, Auscultating
Heart Sounds, and more.
NEW! Cat and Fetal Pig
Dissection Video Coaching
Activities help you prepare for
dissection by previewing key
anatomical structures. Each video
includes one to two comparisons
to human structures.
NEW! Customizable Practice
Anatomy Lab (PAL) Flashcards
allow you to create a personalized,
mobile-friendly deck of flashcards and
quizzes using images from PAL 3.1. You
can generate flashcards using only the
structures that your instructor has
emphasized in lecture or lab.
IMPROVED! The Pearson eText mobile
app allows you to access the complete
lab manual online or offline, along
with all of the videos described above.
3
A01_MARI2259_12_GE_FM.indd 3 18/07/22 07:18
Additional Support for
Students & Instructors
Mastering A&P offers thousands of tutorials, activities, and questions that can be
assigned for homework and practice. Highlights of popular assignment options
include the following:
PhysioEx™ 10.0 is an easy-to-use lab simulation program Dynamic Study Modules are manageable,
that consists of 12 exercises containing 63 physiology lab mobile-friendly sets of questions with
activities that can be used to supplement or substitute for extensive feedback for students to test, learn,
wet labs. and retest until they master basic concepts.
• NEW! Instructors can select or deselect
specific questions to customize
IMPROVED! Practice Anatomy Lab 3.1 is
assignments.
now accessible on all mobile devices to give students
• EXPANDED! The Lab Manual Mastering
24/7 access to the most widely used lab specimens,
A&P course now offers over 3,000
including human cadaver, anatomical models,
Dynamic Study Module questions, shared
histology slides, cat, and fetal pig.
with Marieb/Hoehn’s Human Anatomy &
Physiology, 12th Edition, Global Edition.
The Mastering A&P Instructor Resources Area includes the following downloadable tools:
• Customizable PowerPoint® lecture outlines include customizable images and provide a springboard
for lab prep.
• All of the figures, photos, and tables from the manual are available in JPEG and PowerPoint® formats,
in labeled and unlabeled versions, and with customizable labels and leader lines.
• Test bank provides thousands of customizable questions across Bloom’s taxonomy levels and includes all
lab practical and quiz questions from Practice Anatomy Lab 3.1. Each question is tagged to chapter
learning outcomes that can also be tracked within Mastering A&P assessments. Available in Microsoft®
Word and TestGen® formats.
• Animations and videos bring A&P concepts to life and include pre-lab videos, bone videos, and
dissection videos.
• A comprehensive Instructor’s Guide, co-authored by Elaine Marieb and Lori Smith, includes prep instructions
for each exercise, along with answer keys for all of the Exercise Review Sheets.
A01_MARI2259_12_GE_FM.indd 4 18/07/22 07:18
This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and
GLOBAL GLOBAL
universities throughout the world. Pearson published this exclusive edition
for the benefit of students outside the United States and Canada. If you
EDITION MAIN VERSION EDITION
purchased this book within the United States or Canada, you should be aware EG
DL
that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author. ITO
IOB
A
NL

Marieb and Smith’s Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual facilitates and enriches
the laboratory experience of students and teachers specializing in nursing, physical therapy,
H
Human Anatomy
pharmacology, respiratory therapy, and exercise science as well as those in biology and
u
premedical programs. This text emphasizes the background discussions and terminology
m
necessary to perform all experiments and eliminates the need for students to bring a textbook
a & Physiology
into the laboratory. Ln
a
The twelfth edition continues to serve as a self-contained learning aid that helps students bA
navigate complex exercises such as examining skeletal muscle cell anatomy, palpating skull on Laboratory
markings, and opening the ventral body cavity. Each laboratory exercise is preceded by a Pre- ra
at
Lab Quiz and followed by an Exercise Review Sheet, which provide students with opportunities to
o
to recollect and apply the most important concepts learned. m Manual
r
yy
Key Features
M&
• Homeostatic Imbalance discussions direct students’ attention to conditions representing a
P
n
a loss of homeostasis and foster an integrated understanding of the human body. h
u TWELFTH EDITION
y
• Group Challenge activities enhance collaborative group learning by challenging students as
li
to think critically, identify relationships between anatomical structures and physiological o
functions, and achieve a deeper understanding of anatomy and physiology concepts. l
o
g
• Clinical Application questions, newly added to each chapter’s Exercise Review Sheet,
y
encourage students to apply lab concepts and critical-thinking skills to real-world clinical
scenarios.
• PhysioEx™ 10.1 exercises, located at the back of the laboratory manual, offer
63 physiology lab activities that can be used to supplement wet labs. T
E Elaine N. Marieb, R.N., Ph.D.
DW PhysioEx™ Version 10.0
Available separately for purchase is Mastering A&P for Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory ITE Holyoke Community College authored by
L
I
OF
Manual, the teaching and learning platform that empowers instructors to personalize learning T Lori A. Smith, Ph.D. Peter Z. Zao
N
H
for every student. Eight new Pre-Lab Video Coaching Activities focus on key concepts in North Idaho College
American River College
the lab activity and walk students through important procedures such as examining a long bone, Timothy Stabler, Ph.D.
palpating superficial pulse points, and auscultating heart sounds. Expanded Dynamic Study Indiana University Northwest
Modules help students study effectively on their own by continuously assessing their activity Lori A. Smith, Ph.D.
SM
and performance in real time. When combined with Pearson’s trusted educational content, this m American River College
a
optional suite helps deliver the desired learning outcomes. itri Andrew Lokuta, Ph.D.
he
b University of Wisconsin–Madison
Edwin Griff, Ph.D.
University of Cincinnati
CVR_MARI2259_12_GE_CVR_Ashford.indd All Pages 05/07/22 12:21 PM
A01_MARI2259_12_GE_FM.indd 5 18/07/22 07:18
Product Management: Gargi Banerjee and K. K. Neelakantan Supplements: Bedasree Das
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The rights of Elaine N. Marieb and Lori A. Smith to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with
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Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Main Version, 12th
Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-480635-8 by Elaine N. Marieb and Lori A. Smith published by Pearson Education © 2019.

Acknowledgments of third-party content appear on page C-1, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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ISBN 10 (print): 1-292-44225-5
ISBN 13 (print): 978-1-292-44225-9
ISBN 13 (eBook): 978-1-292-44226-6

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About the Authors
Elaine N. Marieb
After receiving her Ph.D. in zoology from the University of
Massachusetts at Amherst, Elaine N. Marieb joined the faculty of
the Biological Science Division of Holyoke Community College.
While teaching at Holyoke Community College, where many of
her students were pursuing nursing degrees, she developed a
desire to better understand the relationship between the scien-
tific study of the human body and the clinical aspects of the nurs-
ing practice. To that end, while continuing to teach full time, Dr.
Marieb pursued her nursing education, which culminated in a
Master of Science degree with a clinical specialization in geron-
tology from the University of Massachusetts. It was this experi-
ence that informed the development of the unique perspective
and accessibility for which her publications are known.
Dr. Marieb gave generously to provide opportunities for students to further
their education. She funded the E. N. Marieb Science Research Awards at Mount
Holyoke College, which promotes research by undergraduate science majors, and
underwrote renovation of the biology labs in Clapp Laboratory at that college.
Dr. Marieb also contributed to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, where
she provided funding for reconstruction and instrumentation of a cutting-edge
cytology research laboratory. Recognizing the severe national shortage of nursing
faculty, she underwrote the Nursing Scholars of the Future Grant Program at the
university.
In 2012 and 2017, Dr. Marieb gave generous philanthropic support to Florida
Gulf Coast University as a long-term investment in education, research, and train-
ing for healthcare and human services professionals in the local community. In
honor of her contributions, the university is now home to the Elaine Nicpon
Marieb College of Health and Human Services.
Lori A. Smith
Lori A. Smith received her Ph.D. in biochemistry from the
University of California at Davis. Before discovering her pas-
sion for teaching, she worked as a research scientist and project
leader in the medical diagnostics industry. In 1999, she joined
the faculty at American River College in the Biology Depart-
ment, where she teaches anatomy and physiology and microbi-
ology to students preparing for nursing or other allied health
careers. Since 2005, she has coauthored Pearson’s PhysioEx™:
Laboratory Simulations in Physiology and has continued to
coauthor several Pearson lab manuals. Dr. Smith has been
named Instructor of the Year by the American River College
Associated Student Body, and she is a member of the Human
Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) and California
Academy of Sciences. When not teaching or writing, she enjoys
spending time with her family: hiking, cycling, and kayaking.
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Preface to the Instructor
The philosophy behind the revision of this manual mirrors that are viewed as a loss of homeostasis; these discussions can be
of all earlier editions. It reflects a still developing sensibility for recognized by the homeostatic imbalance logo within the
the way teachers teach and students learn, informed by years descriptive material of each exercise. This holistic approach
of teaching the subject and by collecting suggestions from encourages an integrated understanding of the human body.
other instructors as well as from students enrolled in multifac- The homeostatic imbalance icon directs the student’s atten-
eted healthcare programs. Human Anatomy & Physiology tion to conditions representing a loss of homeostasis.
Laboratory Manual was originally developed to facilitate and
enrich the laboratory experience for both teachers and stu- A safety icon notifies students that specific safety pre-
!
dents. This edition retains those same goals. cautions must be observed when using certain equip-
This manual, intended for students in introductory human ment or conducting particular lab procedures. For example,
anatomy and physiology courses, presents a wide range of lab- when working with ether, students are to use a hood; and when
oratory experiences for students concentrating in nursing, handling body fluids such as blood, urine, or saliva, students are
physical therapy, pharmacology, respiratory therapy, and exer- to wear gloves. All exercises involving body fluids (blood,
cise science, as well as biology and premedical programs. The urine, saliva) incorporate current Centers for Disease Control
manual’s coverage is intentionally broad, allowing it to serve and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for handling human body
both one- and two-semester courses, and it is also available in fluids. Because it is important that nursing students in particu-
versions that contain detailed guidelines for dissecting a cat or lar learn how to safely handle bloodstained articles, the manual
fetal pig laboratory specimen. has retained the option to use human blood in the laboratory.
However, the decision to allow testing of human (student)
blood or to use animal blood in the laboratory is left to the
Basic Approach and Features discretion of the instructor in accordance with institutional
guidelines. The CDC guidelines for handling body fluids are
The generous variety of experiments in this manual provides reinforced by the laboratory safety procedures described on
flexibility that enables instructors to gear their laboratory the inside front cover of this text, in Exercise 29: Blood, and in
approach to specific academic programs or to their own teach- the Instructor’s Guide. You can photocopy the inside front
ing preferences. The manual remains independent of any text- cover and post it in the lab to help students become well versed
book, so it contains the background discussions and in laboratory safety.
terminology necessary to perform all experiments. Such a self-
contained learning aid eliminates the need for students to Group Challenge activities are designed to enhance col-
bring a textbook into the laboratory. laborative group learning and to challenge students to
Each of the 46 exercises leads students toward a coherent think critically, identify relationships between anatomi-
understanding of the structure and function of the human body. cal structures and physiological functions, and achieve a deeper
The manual begins with anatomical terminology and an orienta- understanding of anatomy and physiology concepts.
tion to the body, which together provide the necessary tools for
studying the various body systems. The exercises that follow BIOPAC® The BIOPAC® icon in a relevant exercise mate-
reflect the dual focus of the manual—both anatomical and phys- rials list signals the use of the BIOPAC® Student
iological aspects receive considerable attention. As the various Lab System and alerts you to the equipment needed. BIOPAC®
organ systems of the body are introduced, the initial exercises is used in Exercises 14, 18, 20, 21, 31, 33, 34, and 37. The instruc-
focus on organization, from the cellular to the organ system level. tions in the lab manual are for use with the BIOPAC® MP36/35
As indicated by the table of contents, the anatomical exercises and MP45 data acquisition unit. Note that some exercises are
are usually followed by physiological experiments that familiar- not compatible with the MP45 data acquisition unit. For those
ize students with various aspects of body functioning and pro- exercises, the MP45 will not be listed in the Materials section.
mote the critical understanding that function follows structure. In this edition, the lab manual instructions are for use with
The numerous physiological experiments for each organ system BSL software 4.0.1 and above for Windows 10/8.x/7 or Mac
range from simple experiments that can be performed without OS X10.9–10.12. Refer to the Materials section in each exer-
specialized tools to more complex experiments using laboratory cise for the applicable software version. The Instructor
equipment, computers, and instrumentation techniques. Resources area of Mastering A&P provides the following addi-
tional support for alternative data acquisitions systems, includ-
Features
ing exercises that can be distributed to students:
The dissection scissors icon appears at the beginning of
• BIOPAC® Instructions for the MP36 (or MP35/30) data
activities that entail the dissection of isolated animal
acquisition unit using BSL software versions earlier
organs. In addition to the figures, isolated animal
than 4.0.1 (for Windows and Mac) for Exercises 14, 18,
organs, such as the sheep heart and pig kidney, are employed to
20, 21, 31, and 34
study anatomy because of their exceptional similarity to
• Powerlab® Instructions for Exercises 14, 21, 31, 33, 34,
human organs.
and 37
• iWorx® Instructions for Exercises 14, 18, 21, 31, 33, 34,
Homeostasis is continually emphasized as a require-
and 37
ment for optimal health. Pathological conditions
• Intelitool® Instructions for Exercises 14i, 21i, 31i, and 37i
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