Human Anatomy, Media Update

891 Pages·2011·76.022 MB·English

by  Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Jon B. Mallatt

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Human
Anatomy
Sixth Edition Media Update
Elaine N. Marieb, R.N., Ph.D.
Holyoke Community College
Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Ph.D.
Community College of Rhode Island
Jon Mallatt, Ph.D.
Washington State University
Editor-in-Chief:Serina Beauparlant Art Development Manager:Laura Southworth
Project Editors:Sabrina Larson,Shannon Cutt Art and Photo Coordinator:David Novak
Development Manager:Barbara Yien Photo Researcher:Kristin Piljay
Managing Editor:Deborah Cogan Copyeditor:Sally Peyrefitte
Production Manager:Michele Mangelli Compositor:Progressive Information Technologies
Production Supervisor:Karen Gulliver Interior and Cover Design:Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group
Media Producers:Erik Fortier and Sarah Young-Dualan Senior Manufacturing Buyer:Stacey Weinberger
Assistant Editor:Nicole Graziano Marketing Manager:Derek Perrigo
Editorial Assistant:John Maas
Cover image: Anatomical Travelogue/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Credits and acknowledgements borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission,
in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within the text, or on page 795.
Copyright © 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings,
1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United
States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be
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Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products
are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher
was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marieb, Elaine Nicpon
Human anatomy / Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Jon Mallatt.—6th ed. media update.
p. ; cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-321-75327-4 (student ed. : hardcover)
ISBN-10: 0-321-75327-5 (student ed. : hardcover)
1. Human anatomy. I. Wilhelm, Patricia Brady. II. Mallatt, Jon. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Anatomy. QS 4]
QM23.2.M348 2012
612—dc22 2010045178
ISBN 10: 0-321-75327-5 (student edition)
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-75327-4 (student edition)
ISBN 10: 0-321-76503-6 (professional copy)
ISBN 13: 978-0-321-76503-1 (professional copy)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10–CRK–14 13 12 11 10
About the Authors
Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, and Jon Mallatt are keenly aware
of the challenges all anatomy instructors face. It is important to communicate
a vast amount of information to students in a way that stimulates their interest.
The authors’many years of teaching experience in both the laboratory and the
classroom have enhanced their sensibilities about pedagogy and presentation.
The insights gained from this experience are distilled in this thoroughly
revised sixth edition of Human Anatomy—a book that aims to address the
problems students encounter in this course.
Elaine N. Marieb
For Elaine N. Marieb, taking the student’s perspective into account has
always been an integral part of her teaching style. Dr. Marieb began her
teaching career at Springfield College, where she taught anatomy and physi-
ology to physical education majors. She then joined the faculty of the
Biological Science Division of Holyoke Community College after receiving
her Ph.D. in zoology from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
While teaching at Holyoke Community College, where many of her students
were pursuing nursing degrees, she developed a desire to better understand
the relationship between the scientific study of the human body and the clin-
ical aspects of the nursing practice. To that end, while continuing to teach
full time, Dr. Marieb pursued her nursing education, which culminated in a
Master of Science degree with a clinical specialization in gerontology from
the University of Massachusetts. It is this experience, along with stories from
the field—including those of former students now in health careers—that has
informed the development of the unique perspective and accessibility for
which her texts and laboratory manuals are known.
In her ongoing commitment to students and her realization of the
challenges they face, Dr. Marieb has given generously to provide opportuni-
ties for students to further their education. She contributes to the New Direc-
tions, New Careers Program at Holyoke Community College by providing
several full-tuition scholarships each year for women who are returning to
college after a hiatus or attending college for the first time and would be
unable to continue with their studies without financial support. She funds the
E. N. Marieb Science Research Awards at Mount Holyoke College, which
promotes research by undergraduate science majors, and provided monies for
updating a “baby” zoology laboratory at that institution. Dr. Marieb is also a
contributor to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, where she gener-
ously provided funding for reconstruction and instrumentation of a cutting-
edge cytology research laboratory that bears her name.
In 1994, Dr. Marieb received the Benefactor Award from the National
Council for Resource Development,American Association of Community
Colleges, which recognizes her ongoing sponsorship of student scholarships,
faculty teaching awards, and other academic contributions to Holyoke Com-
munity College. In May 2000, the science building at Holyoke Community
College was named in her honor.
Dr. Marieb is an active member of the Human Anatomy and Physiol-
ogy Society (HAPS), the American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS), and Sigma Xi. Additionally, while actively engaged as
an author, Dr. Marieb serves as a consultant for the Pearson Benjamin
Cummings Interactive Physiology® CD-ROM series.
Patricia Brady Wilhelm
Patricia Brady Wilhelm received her Ph.D. in biological and medical
sciences from Brown University and is currently Professor of Biology at
the Community College of Rhode Island. She has taught anatomy at
Brown University, Rhode Island College, and, for the last 12 years, at the
Community College of Rhode Island. In 1991 she received the Presi-
dential Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching from Brown
University.
Continuing to strive for excellence in teaching and learning, Dr. Wil-
helm is a leader at the Community College of Rhode Island in the uses of
technology in teaching through the development of web-based course
tools, online videos of dissections, online student assessment tools, and
cooperative learning strategies for the classroom. The driving factor
behind these innovations is the desire to aid student learning by making
course materials accessible and to make the study of anatomy an active
and interactive process. She also served as a consultant to train faculty
from all three public institutions in Rhode Island (University of Rhode
Island, Rhode Island College, and Community College of Rhode Island)
in the uses of technology in teaching, and she continues to work on the
development and use of multimedia tools for anatomy instruction.
In addition to teaching, Dr. Wilhelm has contributed to numerous
anatomy and physiology publications. Dr. Wilhelm’s research interests
focus on vertebrate functional morphology, biomechanics, and anatomy
education. She is a member of Sigma Xi, the Human Anatomy and
Physiology Society (HAPS), and the American Association of Anatomists.
Jon Mallatt
With a Ph.D. in anatomy from the University of Chicago, Dr. Mallatt is
currently an Associate Professor of Biological Sciences at Washington
State University, where he has been teaching human anatomy to under-
graduates of all backgrounds for 26 years. He is also a member of the
department of Basic Medical Sciences, where he teaches courses in histol-
ogy and in anatomy of the trunk in the WWAMI Medical Program.
WWAMI has honored him numerous times with its Excellence in Teach-
ing Award. Additionally Dr. Mallatt holds a position as adjunct Associate
Professor in the department of Biological Structure at the University of
Washington. His particular areas of expertise in the study of anatomy are
histology, comparative anatomy, and anatomical drawing, although his
research now focuses on the origin of vertebrate animals and molecular
phylogeny. Dr. Mallatt is an accomplished researcher with 39 publications
in the fields of anatomy and molecular phylogeny to his credit.
To the Student: How to Use This Book
Introduce yourself
to the chapter
Chapter outlinesprovide a preview of the
chapter and let you know where you’re going.
Focus on key
concepts
NEW! Check Your Understanding
questions ask you to stop, think, and check
your understanding of key concepts at the end
of major sections.
Student objectiveshave been integrated into
the chapter and give you a preview of what content
is to come and what you are expected to learn.
Clinical Applicationparagraphs are woven into
the text at appropriate places and teach students
anatomy in the context in which they are most
interested.
Illustrated tablessummarize
complex information and serve as a
“one-stop shopping” study tool.
vv
Grasp tough topics in anatomy
NEW! Focus figures help you grasp tough topics
in anatomy by walking you through carefully developed
illustrations that use a big-picture layout and dramatic art
to provide a context for understanding the process.
Overview provides a quick
summary of the key idea of
the figure.
Explanatory textwalks
you through the process
step-by-step.
vi
Visualize structures
NEW! Stunning 3-D anatomy art
is rendered in a dramatically more dynamic,
realistic style with vibrant, saturated colors to
help you visualize key anatomical structures.
EXPANDED! More cadaver photos
side-by-side with illustrations.
EXPANDED! More clinical photos
showing medical disorders.
vii