Human Anatomy, 3rd Edition

966 Pages·2011·163.6 MB·English

by  Michael McKinley

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McKinley3e_Front_ES.indd 1
ISBN: 0073378097 Front endsheets
Author: McKinley Color: 4C process
Title: Human Anatomy, 3e Pages: 2,3
An Interactive Cadaver my Course Content
Dissection Experience mmmmmmmmmmyyyyyyyyyyy g Maximize effi ciency by studying
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g Content customized Dissection
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g Peel layers of the body to reveal
g Stunning cadaver specimens structures beneath the surface.
g Vivid animations
Animation
g Lab practical quizzing g Over 150 animations make anatomy
and physiology easier to visualize
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Histology
g Study interactive slides that
simulate what you see in lab.
Imaging
g Correlate dissected anatomy
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10/29/10 12:41 PM
third edition
Michael McKinley
Glendale Community College
Valerie Dean O’Loughlin
Indiana University
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HUMAN ANATOMY, THIRD EDITION
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McKinley, Michael P.
Human anatomy / Michael McKinley, Valerie O'Loughlin.— 3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978–0–07–337809–1 — ISBN 0–07–337809–7 (hard copy : alk. paper)
1. Human anatomy. I. O'Loughlin, Valerie Dean. II. Title.
QM23.2.M38 2012
612--dc22
2010032046
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About the Authors
MICHAEL MCKINLEY received his undergraduate degree from the University of California, and
both his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Arizona State University. In 1978, he accepted a postdoctoral
fellowship at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) Medical School in the laboratory of
Dr. Stanley Prusiner, where he worked for 12 years investigating prions and prion-diseases. In 1980,
he became a member of the anatomy faculty at the UCSF Medical School, where he taught medical
histology for 10 years while continuing to do research on prions. During this time, he was an author
or co-author of more than 80 scientific papers.
Since 1991, Mike has been a member of the biology faculty at Glendale Community College, where
he teaches undergraduate anatomy and physiology, general biology, and genetics. Between 1991 and 2000,
in addition to teaching at Glendale Community College, he participated in Alzheimer disease research and
served as director of the Brain Donation Program at the Sun Health Research Institute, while also teaching
For Jan, Renee, Ryan, developmental biology and human genetics at Arizona State University, West. Mike’s vast experience
and Shaun: I appreciate
in histology, neuroanatomy, and cell biology greatly shaped the related content in Human Anatomy.
all of your support and love.
Mike is an active member of the Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS). He resides in
Tempe, AZ, with his wife Jan.
VALERIE DEAN O’LOUGHLIN received her undergraduate degree from the College of
William and Mary and her Ph.D. in biological anthropology from Indiana University. She is a member
of the Indiana University School of Medicine faculty, where she teaches human gross anatomy to first-year
medical students and basic human anatomy to undergraduates. Valerie has performed numerous cadaver
dissections and she drew heavily on this experience to ensure that both the narrative and the gross
anatomy artwork in this book conform to standards typically seen in medical atlases and medical
textbooks.
Valerie’s research interests currently focus on educational research and the scholarship of teaching
and learning. She has received many educational research grants as well as several teaching awards,
including the American Association of Anatomists Basmajian Award for excellence in teaching and for her
work in scholarship of education. Valerie is an active member of the American Association of Anatomists
For Bob and Erin: (AAA), the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA), and the Human Anatomy and
Thank you for all of your
Physiology Society (HAPS). She resides in Bloomington, IN, with her husband Bob and her daughter Erin.
support and love.
Your Feedback Is Welcome!
We are dedicated to producing the best materials available to help students learn human anatomy and engender a love of this topic. Your
suggestions for improving this textbook are always welcome!
Michael P. McKinley Valerie Dean O’Loughlin
Department of Biology Jordan Hall 010A
Glendale Community College Medical Sciences
6000 W. Olive Avenue Indiana University
Glendale, AZ 85302 Bloomington, IN 47405
michael.mckinley@gcmail. maricopa.edu [email protected]
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Brief Contents
Chapter 1 A First Look at Anatomy 1
Chapter 2 The Cell: Basic Unit of Structure and Function 23
Chapter 3 Embryology 54
Chapter 4 Tissue Level of Organization 80
Chapter 5 Integumentary System 118
S K E L E T A L S Y S T E M
Chapter 6 Cartilage and Bone 146
Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton 173
Chapter 8 Appendicular Skeleton 220
Chapter 9 Articulations 252
M U S C U L A R S Y S T E M
Chapter 10 Muscle Tissue and Organization 288
Chapter 11 Axial Muscles 322
Chapter 12 Appendicular Muscles 354
Chapter 13 Surface Anatomy 397
N E R V O U S S Y S T E M
Chapter 14 Nervous Tissue 415
Chapter 15 Brain and Cranial Nerves 439
Chapter 16 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 486
Chapter 17 Pathways and Integrative Functions 518
Chapter 18 Autonomic Nervous System 539
Chapter 19 Senses: General and Special 561
Chapter 20 Endocrine System 605
C A R D I O V A S C U L A R S Y S T E M
Chapter 21 Blood 637
Chapter 22 Heart 656
Chapter 23 Vessels and Circulation 683
Chapter 24 Lymphatic System 724
Chapter 25 Respiratory System 747
Chapter 26 Digestive System 779
Chapter 27 Urinary System 817
Chapter 28 Reproductive System 842
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Contents
Preface xiii 2.6 Life Cycle of the Cell 46
2.6a Interphase 47
Chapter 1
2.6b Mitotic (M) Phase 47
A First Look at Anatomy 1 2.7 Aging and the Cell 50
1.1 History of Human Anatomy 2
Chapter 3
1.2 Definition of Anatomy 3
Embryology 54
1.2a Microscopic Anatomy 3
1.2b Gross Anatomy 4 3.1 Overview of Embryology 55
1.3 Structural Organization 3.2 Gametogenesis 56
of the Body 5 3.2a Meiosis 57
1.3a Characteristics of Living Things 6 3.2b Oocyte Development (Oogenesis) 58
1.3b Introduction to Organ Systems 6 3.2c Sperm Development (Spermatogenesis) 59
1.4 Precise Language of Anatomy 11 3.3 Pre-embryonic Period 60
1.4a Anatomic Position 11 3.3a Fertilization 62
1.4b Sections and Planes 11 3.3b Cleavage 63
1.4c Anatomic Directions 12 3.3c Implantation 63
1.4d Regional Anatomy 13 3.3d Formation of the Bilaminar Germinal Disc 64
1.4e Body Cavities and Membranes 14 3.3e Formation of Extraembryonic Membranes 65
1.4f Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants 16 3.3f Development of the Placenta 66
3.4 Embryonic Period 67
Chapter 2
3.4a Gastrulation 68
The Cell: Basic Unit
3.4b Folding of the Embryonic Disc 68
of Structure and Function 23
3.4c Differentiation of Ectoderm 69
2.1 The Study of Cells 24 3.4d Differentiation of Mesoderm 72
2.1a Using the Microscope to Study Cells 24 3.4e Differentiation of Endoderm 72
2.1b General Functions of Human Body Cells 25 3.4f Organogenesis 72
2.2 A Prototypical Cell 27 3.5 Fetal Period 74
2.3 Plasma Membrane 30
Chapter 4
2.3a Composition and Structure of Membranes 30
Tissue Level
2.3b Protein-Specific Functions of the Plasma
Membrane 31 of Organization 80
2.3c Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 32 4.1 Epithelial Tissue 81
2.4 Cytoplasm 36 4.1a Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue 81
2.4a Cytosol 36 4.1b Functions of Epithelial Tissue 82
2.4b Inclusions 36 4.1c Specialized Structure of Epithelial Tissue 82
2.4c Organelles 36 4.1d Classification of Epithelial Tissue 84
2.5 Nucleus 44 4.1e Types of Epithelium 85
2.5a Nuclear Envelope 44 4.1f Glands 92
2.5b Nucleoli 45 4.2 Connective Tissue 95
2.5c DNA, Chromatin, and 4.2a Characteristics of Connective Tissue 95
Chromosomes 45
4.2b Functions of Connective Tissue 95
4.2c Development of Connective Tissue 96
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