HTML. A Beginner's Guide

545 Pages·2002·10.186 MB·English

by  Wendy Willard

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HTML
A Beginner’s Guide
Second Edition
Wendy Willard
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DOI: 10.1036/0072230428
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To Corinna and Caeli——that you might remember your mom once knew some
“cool stuff,” even when HTML becomes for you what 8-track tapes are to me.
“Therefore do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself.
Each day has enough trouble of its own.”
—Matthew 6:34
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About the Author
Wendy Willard offers design, illustration, marketing, and
consulting services to businesses for both print and Web
campaigns. She also teaches and writes on these topics, and
is the author ofWeb Design: A Beginner’s Guideand
Photoshop 7: Tips & Techniques(both published by
McGraw-Hill/Osborne). She holds a degree in Illustration
from Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California,
where she first learned HTML in 1995.
Wendy’s passions include all aspects of digital design,
drawing,painting,andphotographingMaine,ChopPointSchool
& Camp, and anything related to the Web. She lives and works
in the midcoast area of Maine with her husband, Wyeth, and
their two young daughters.
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Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
PART I
HTML Basics
1 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CriticalSkill 1.1UnderstandtheInternetasaMediumforDisseminatingInformation . . . 4
The Anatomy of a Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Web Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Looking to the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Critical Skill 1.2Plan for the Audience, Goals, Structure, Content, and Navigation of
Your Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Identify the Target Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Set Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Create the Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Organize Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Develop Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Critical Skill 1.3Identify the Different Types of HTML Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Text- or Code-based HTML Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
WYSIWYG HTML Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Which Is Best? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
v
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vi HTML: A Beginner’s Guide
Critical Skill 1.4Learn from the Pros Using theVIEW SOURCECommand of Popular
Web Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Project 1-1Develop a Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Module 1 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2 Basic Page Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Critical Skill 2.1Create an HTML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Naming Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Critical Skill 2.2Preview an HTML File in a Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Critical Skill 2.3Describe and Apply the Basic HTML Document Format . . . . . . . . . 25
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Types of Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Required Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Three Flavors of XHTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Capitalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Quotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Spacing and Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Use Character Entities to Display Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Critical Skill 2.4Add Comments to an HTML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Critical Skill 2.5Add Style Sheets to an HTML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Define the Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Define the Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Create the Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Project 2-1Create the First Page of Your Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Module 2 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3 Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Critical Skill 3.1Identify the Use of Hexadecimal Color in Web Development . . . . . 46
Color Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Web-safe Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Specify Document Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Project 3-1Change the Colors of Your Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Module 3 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4 Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Critical Skill 4.1Format and Align Paragraphs of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Paragraph Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Line Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
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Contents vii
Preformat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Quotation Blocks and Text Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Horizontal Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Project 4-1Format Paragraphs and Page Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Extra Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Critical Skill 4.2Add Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Critical Skill 4.3Add Emphasis to Sections of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Logical Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Physical Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Emphasis with Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Critical Skill 4.4Alter the Face, Size and Color of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Format with HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Format with Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Project 4-2Add Styles to Your Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Module 4 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
5 Working with Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Critical Skill 5.1Add Links to Other Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Absolute Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Relative Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Critical Skill 5.2AddLinkstoSectionsWithintheSamePage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Create an Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Link to an Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
CriticalSkill 5.3AddLinkstoE-mailAddresses,Newsgroups,andDownloadableFiles . . . 113
E-mail Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
FTP and Downloadable Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Project 5-1Add Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Project Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Change Link Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Default Link Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Critical Skill 5.4Customize Links by Setting the Title, Tab Order, Keyboard Shortcut,
and Target Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Tab Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Target Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Project 5-2Customize Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Module 5 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
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6 Working with Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Critical Skill 6.1Use Images as Elements in the Foreground of a Web page . . . . . . . . 134
Image File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Using Existing Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Creating Your Own Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Project 6-1Add an Image to Your Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Critical Skill 6.2Specify the Height and Width of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Critical Skill 6.3Provide Alternative Text and Titles for Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Critical Skill 6.4LinkImagestoOtherContentonaWebSite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Link the Entire Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Link Sections of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Use Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Critical Skill 6.5Align Images with Other Elements on the Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Ending Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Add Space Around Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Project 6-2Change Image Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Critical Skill 6.6Use Images as Elements in the Background of a Web Page . . . . . . . 164
Project 6-3Add a Background Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Module 6 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
7 Working with Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Critical Skill 7.1Understand How Plug-ins and ActiveX Controls Are Used with
Web Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Identify the Installed Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Recognize File Types, Extensions, and Appropriate Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Critical Skill 7.2Link to Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Critical Skill 7.3Embed Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Using Embed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Using Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Use Embed and Object Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Java Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Project 7-1Embed Sound in a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Extra Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Module 7 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
8 Creating Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Critical Skill 8.1Use Ordered Lists in a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
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Contents ix
Critical Skill 8.2Use Unordered Lists in a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Project 8-1Use Lists on Your Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Critical Skill 8.3Use Definition Lists in a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Use Style Sheets to Format Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Critical Skill 8.4Combine and Nest Two or More Types of Lists in a Web Page . . . . 211
Project 8-2Use Two Different Types of Lists Within Your Web Page . . . . . . . . . . 213
Module 8 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
9 Using Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Critical Skill 9.1Understand the Concept and Uses of Tables in Web Pages . . . . . . . 222
Critical Skill 9.2Create a Basic Table Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Table Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Cell Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Critical Skill 9.3Format Tables Within Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Borders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Cell Padding and Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Width and Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Background Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Captions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Project 9-1Create a Basic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Critical Skill 9.4Format Content Within Table Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Width and Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Ask the Expert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Prohibit Line Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Spanning Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Spanning Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Project 9-2Format Cell Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Additional Formatting Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Grouping and Aligning Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Group and Align Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Critical Skill 9.5Use Seamless and Nested Tables for Page Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Seamless Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Nested Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Project 9-3Using Seamless and Nested Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Module 9 Mastery Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
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