How Wars Are Won and Lost This page intentionally left blank How Wars Are Won and Lost Vulnerability and Military Power JOHN A. GENTRY Praeger Security International Copyright 2012 by John A. Gentry All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, me- chanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gentry, John A., 1949– How wars are won and lost : vulnerability and military power / John A. Gentry. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-39582-6 (hbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-313-39583-3 (ebook) 1. Strategy. 2. Strategic culture—United States. 3. Military art and science—United States. 4. History, Military—United States—20th century. 5. History, Military—United States—21st century. I. Title. II. Title: Vulnerability and military power. U162.G348 2012 355.02—dc23 2011030647 ISBN: 978-0-313-39582-6 EISBN: 978-0-313-39583-3 16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Praeger An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America A ll statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed are those of the author and do not re- flect the official positions or views of the CIA or any other U.S. Government agency. Nothing in the contents should be construed as asserting or implying U.S. Government authentica- tion of information or Agency endorsement of the author’s views. This material has been reviewed by the CIA to prevent the disclosure of classified information. This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 The Philippine War of 1899–1902 23 3 The Allied Bomber Offensive against Germany (1943–1945) 43 4 The United States in Vietnam (1961–1975) 68 5 NATO ’s War against Yugoslavia (1999) 110 6 The U.S. War in Iraq (2003–2011) 138 7 The U.S. War in Afghanistan (2001–?) 174 8 Summary and Conclusions 195 Notes 235 Bibliography 283 Index 307 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments T his book, less chapter 7 on Afghanistan, began as a PhD dissertation submitted to the political science department at the George Washington University in 2008. Chapter 5 draws appreciably from my article “Norms and Military Power: NATO’s War Against Yugoslavia,” which was pub- lished in S ecurity Studies 15, no. 2 (April–June 2006), portions of which are adapted and reprinted by permission of the publisher (Taylor & Fran- cis Ltd, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals). Susan Gentry, Joseph Gor- don, Farhana Qazi, Chad Rector, Elizabeth Saunders, Ronald Spector, Erik Voeten, and especially Mike Mochizuki, provided helpful suggestions on drafts of this book.
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