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OW LO WIN, aw NACU ITAN SECONNBDITION SUREFIRE STRATEGIES FOR GETTING YOUR POINT ACROSS How to Win an Argument How to Win an Argument SECOND EDITION Michael A. Gilbert W John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York ¢ Chichester @ Brisbane ¢ Toronto ¢ Singapore This text is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 1996 by Michael A. Gilbert Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If legal, accounting, medical, psychological, or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gilbert, Michael A. How to win an argument / Michael A. Gilbert. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-471-12349-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Reasoning. I. Title. BC177.G54 1995 160—dc20 Printed in the United States of America 1057169 S54238 2 81 To Zack, who’s always a winner a Sele rae Malem Contents Pree. AG aie ic se os ee ix Part One The Art of Argument ............. 1 1- What Are We Arguing About?ieiwy toeshek 4 « 5 2y Why tAcgue SoiMuchiiewcw cont, Genistignoe 8 Bidypesot Acgumentsnet Jn captiebivdhebieds < 12 4 Defensive vs. Offensive Argument ......... 15 m& Someiwamingsiuesiiers alcudoReenrts t 5 19 6 Super-Rule I: Never Admit Defeat ......... 23 7 ow Are Ancuments Baill? ial, ah acuwend anions 29 Sythe Panciole.of Rationality, lio erg20. cee 34 OID INARA PENI DIES yd dVhve ee a e 39 10: tSopesRule; Hs Listen! tant gat. ci ey Aaisgeerr.e 46 Vi Zenrand:thecArtehiArgumente actsern.ctiOiWe 50 124 Parti@ne Reviews can, eiierowank sGe!e 54 vii Contents Part Two The Ways of Argument ........... of; 13 Whats Gome Onibleres: ) . 2. 3 2 a eee a9 14 Ring Around thevArcumen. 5t..5 .=. s.e 63 15 What Were We Talking About?.......... a2 16 Everyone’s Doin’ It, Doin’ It, Doin’ It ...... 82 17 OWEISIE FiGsaldesOmiee x. 4006-8- e3t e:e 88 18 ‘The Refuge of Scoundrels'... ..... «25 20k os 97 19: ‘The Straw-Maneareument <s.2. 42. See 107 20: “The Slippetyssiopes sr. 2. oe 3 Zao triastes Ved eseA ster. fe eesws eh. e ee 149 22> ENLTee SNEAKY eVOVES a me acs ls. 2 5 ee 130 Os Wart | WOUNCVICW hiten poy go0ce Die ce 4, ane ae 142 Part Three The Arguments............... 149 24 +P otibocks s.26n eran os fo oe he St 25: Whe Gay lea eee ah occices tae 155 26 Equal Rights for Equal Arguments ........ 159 27 Why Get: Mantied?) i5ao5. oe2 a.e 164 28." Good-Bye, Friendstauaia. ssia2eM swae.. Se e 167 29. ‘To:See or Not toiSee...... tfc 22 eee £72 30. The. Mark. Market. .... ..... cum2a. ca e 176 31. To Therapy.or NotitowDherapy *\\\.) .ey see. 179 32. Part'Three Review « «. . « . . SeS ee 183 Appendix Sources for More Information on Arguing Well . .calstosilge a?S.ia 187 Tiidex . so ssi-tieoe eieeee es a 191 viii