How to Use SPSS: A Step-By-Step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation

128 Pages·2006·16.731 MB·English

by  Brian Cronk

How to Use
BriaCn. C ronk Fourth Edition
®
Howt oU seS PSS
A Step-by-GSutiedpte o
AnalysainsdI nterpretation
FourEtdhi tion
BriaCn.C ronk
MissoWuersit eSrnt aUtnei versity
�
Pyrczak Publishing
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P.O. 2B5o0x4 30• :G•l endaClAe 9,1 225
·--·-· ---

TabolfeC ontents
Introdtuicotnot heF ourEtdhi tion v
What'Nse w? v
Audience v
Orgainzation v
SPSSV erisons vi
Avaiblialyi otfS PSS vi
Conventions vi
PrcatiEcxee ricses vi
Acknowlemdegnts vii
ChaptIe r GettiSntagr ted I
I.I StartSiPnSgS 1
1.2 EntenrgDi ata 1
1.3 DefininVga rbilaes 2
1.4 Loadianngd S aviDnagt Fali es 5
1.5 RuninngY ourF isrtA nalysis 5
1.6 Examinianngd P rintOiuntpgu tF lies 6
1.7 ModiyfinDga taF iles 7
Chapt2e r Entienrga ndM odifiynDga ta 11
2.1 Varbilaeasn dD atRae preseinotna t 11
2.2 Transmfoartioann dS electoifDo ant a 12
Chapt3e r DescripSttaitsvitei cs 17
31. Freqeunyc DistruitbioannsdP ercenRtainlkefos r a SinlgeV arbilae 17
32. Freqeunyc Distruitbioannsd cPeenrtRialnkes fo rM ultipVlaerb ilaes 20
3.3 MeasuroefCs e ntraTle ndeyn acndM easuroefDs ipserisofonr a
SinlgeG roup 21
34. Measeusro fC enatlrT endeyn acndM easuroefDs ispeirosfonr
MultipGlreo ups 24
3.5 Standda Srcores 27
Chapt4e r GraphinDga ta 31
4.1 GraphinBga sics 31
4.2 BarC hartPsi,Ce h atrsa,n dH isotgrams 34
4.3 Scatterplots 36
4.4 AdvancBeadr C harts 38
Chapte5r PreidctiaonndA ssociation 41
51. PearsoCno rrelatiCooneffi cient 41
52. SperamanC orrleatiCooneffi cient 43
5.3 SmipleL ineaRre gerssion 45
5.4 MultipLlinee aRre gerssion 48
Chapte6r ParmaetrIincfe erntliS atatistics 53
6.1 Revwi eofB asiHcy pohtesTiess ting 53
6.2 Sing-lSemapletT est 56
6.3 TheI ndepend-eSnmatpletsT est 58
iii
6.4 Paried-SamptTl eesst 61
6.5 One-Wya ANOVA 64
6.6 FacrtoilaA NOVA 68
6.7 RepaeteMde asurAeNsO VA 72
6.8 Mixe-dDesiAgNnO VA 76
6.9 AnalysiosfC ovariance 79
6.10 MultirviaaAtneal ysiosfV arian(cMeAN OVA) 81
Chapte7r NonaprmaetrIincf eenrtliS atatistics 85
7.1 Ch-iSquarGeoo dneosfsF it 85
7.2 ChiS-quarTee sotf I ndependence 88
7.3 Mann-WhtineyT est 90
U
7.4 WilcoxoTne st 94
7.5 KruskWaall-ilsH Test 96
7.6 FreidmaTne st 98
Chapt8e r TesCto nsrutction 101
8.1 Item-ToAtnaalyls is IOI
8.2 CronbacAhl'psh a 102
8.3 Tes-tReteRsetl ibailyi t 103
8.4 Crirtieo-nRelatVeadl idy it 104
Appednxi A EffecStzi e 105
Appnedxi B PrcatiEcxee ricsDea tSae ts 111
PrcatiDcaet Sae tI 111
PractDiactea 2S et 112
PractDiactea 3S et 112
Appenxd iC Gloasrsy 113
AppendDi x SampleD atFai lUesse d Tienx t 117
COINS.SYA 117
GRADES.SYA 117
HEIGHT.SYA 117
QUESTIONS.SVA 117
RACE.SYA 118
SAMPLE.SAY 118
SAT.SAY 118
OtheFrli es 118
Appenxd iE InfomratiofornU serosfE alrieVre srionosfS PSS 119
AppendFi x InfomratifoornU serosfS PSS1 4.0 121
iv
Chapter
1
GettSitnagrt ed
Secti1o1.n StratinSgP SS
SPSSf oWri ndows · �:;· Satrtuppr ocedfourr SePsS wSi ldlie ffr
slhitgldye,ep ndionngt heex accotn gfiurtaioonf
Who! would )IOU Ike lo do?
them achionnew hicihti si nstaOlnlm eods.t
copmuteyrosuc, na s taSrPtS bSy fi rstci lckionng
Statrhtec,nl c ikionngE._ r ogmrsat,h eonnS PS.SO n
maniym. .a llattihoewnrisel,b lea nS PSiS coonn
thdee stkotph ayto uc na dobule-ctlosi atcrtkth e
proagmr.
WhenS PSSi ss tartyeodum, a y be
presewnitthte hdde i ablootxgo t hlee ft, depending
ont hoep tiyoonussr y esmta dminriasttsoeerlc etd
r fory ouvre irosonf t hper og.rI afm yout hhea ve
dialboogxc ,l ilycpkei nd ataan d whicwhi ll
1 OK,
presaeb nlntakd atwai ndow.
If ywoeeur n opter snetewdih t tdhiea log
boxt ot hlee tf,S PSsSh ouolpde anu tocmaaltliy
witabh l nakd atwai ndow.
r Qon\show ll1s <iolog in thol ull.io Thed atwai dnowa ndt hoeu tpuwti ndow
ItOK iiCancel
provtihdbeea siinct erfaSceP SAfoS rb. l nakd ata
widnowi ss howbne l.o w
Secti1o2.n EnteriDnagt a
One tohfke e ytsos uccweistsh
SPSiSskn owinhgo wi stt oarnedus s es� II l!!il I lklCI1 lrClIJ; lr.I� 1'01
1 :
youdra .tT aoi lslturtahtbeea soifcds a ta
entwriyt ShP SSwe,w iluls Eex amlpe l
1.2.1.
Example
1.2.1
A survewya sg ievnt os veeral
studefrnotms four dieffrent
clsases( Tuse/Thurmso m- •I
�o..c.v...ie /., v slebleView J WI
ingsT,u se/Thuartfse rnoso,n SPSsProcessor ts ready
Mon/Wedm/oFrnriin Mgosn,/ Wed/aFtfreirno ons)T.h es tundtwese re awshkeetdh er
orn otth ewye r"em ornipnego palnewd"h etohren rot th ewyo rdk.Te hissu vreayl so
Itemtsh acta nb el ookeudp i nt heG lossaarryep resenitne d
1 bold.
ChapterG ettiSntga rted
I
asktehdie rfi naglr aidnet hcel sas( beitnhghe i hgesgtr apdoei sbslTeh)e.
100%
resposnhseefre otmst wsot udaernpeter ss enatsfoe lldo ws:
RespoSnheseet
1
ID:
Dayo fca lss: MWF _lL TTh
Clsast ime: Morning Afternoon
__
X
Aryeo aum ornipnegr son? Yes _lLNo
Fianlga rdienc lsas:
85%
Doy owuo roku tdseoi fs chool? Futlilm e Partt ime
No
X
RespoSnhseee t
2
ID:
1901
Dayo fc lsas: X MWF TTh
Calstsi me: _lLMorn ing Afternoon
Aryeo aum ornipnegr son?_lL Yes No
Fniaglr aidnce l sas:
83%
Doy owuo kro uitedso fs chool? Futlilm e Partt ime
X
No
Ourg oailst oe nttehrde a ta frotmw ost thued einnttSsoP S S foru sien fu ture
anyasl.eT shefi rsts teipst od eteirmnteh vea rblieatsh ante etdo b ee nterAendy.
infomratitohnac tna varya monpgat ricnitpisasa v aarbliet hante etdosb ec onesriedd.
Exapmle ltists hvea arbliewsew iulsle .
12..2
Example
1.2.2
ID#
Dayo fc lsas
Tiemo fc lsas
Morninpge rson
Fniaglr ade
Whethoernr ot th set udweonrtok usit edso fs chool
Int hSeP SdSa twai ndocwom,ln usr epsreenvta rblieaasn rdwo sr epsreenstuj bcets.
Theerfor,ew ew ilblec rteianagd ata wfiiltsehi x mcnos(l vuraibaleasn)d trwoow s
(tsundtes/tpiiacpnrat)s.
Secti1o3.n DefininVga riables
Beforew ec aenn taenryd atwae, mufisrstte ntseorm bea siifoncrm atino about
eacvha rbiliaen StPoS SF.oi rn tsaen,eca cvha rliemau bsfitrs bte g vieann ame that:
begiwnitsha l etter
•
doenso cto ntaas ipna ce
•
2
ChapterG ettiSntga rted
I
Thutsh,ve a rbilnaea m"eQ T'w oulbdea cpctelaebw,hi lteh vea arblien am"e7 Q"
woulndoS ti.m lrialtyh,ve a rbilnaea m"eP RET_E STi"as c ecptlaebb,u tth vea arbliena me
"PRET ESTi"sn otC.a piiatztaildoonen so mta ttbeurvt,ar aiblnea measrc epa iitezadli n
thtiestx otm akiect l aerw hewne a rrefee rnrgit oav arbilnaea m.e
Tod efinave a arbilcel,kio cnt hVea rbielaVi ewt aabt
·
thbeo ttoofm mtah.em esecnTr.h. iw si sl.hlo ywo u Vtah.re i a]\bD lataeV i e:\wV ariabVliee w·! r
Vieww inodw.T or eturn Dtaoat Vi tehwwe in docwi,lc oknt hDea tViae wt a.b
liiiJUnlbl-eSdPSSD ataE ditor
12:1 I II lU?l!ijb I l · Il r::lI::JJ! lr.I 1<01
Name Type Width DecimalsL abel Values MossinCgo lumnAlsi gn Measure
SPSS PrOC8S1Cll' Is ready
Frotmh Vea riaVibelwse c erenS,P SSal lowyso ut oc reaatnede dita lolft he
varbilaeisny oudra tfial eE.a cchol umrne epsrenstosmp er otpyeo rfa v arbil,aae neda ch
rowr eepsrenav tasarb ilAel.vl ar aiblemsu sbteg ivaen na m.Te od ot hajtsu,tc lciko nt he
firsetm ptcye ilnlt hNea mec omlnua ntdy paev aildS PSS avbalnreai m.eT hep rgoram
witlhle finli lnd efauvlatl ufoers moofstt h e optrhoetperies r.
Oneo ft hues efufulnc tionSsP SoSif st haeb liyi ttod efinvea rbilaaen dv alue
laeblVsa.ar bile bellsaa llyoowu t oa sosctieaa descriwpihtt eiaocnvh a arbileT.h ese
descricpatdnie osncsrt ihvbeare ai bltehse mlsveeosrt hvea luoefts h vea arbileVsa.l ue
lbaelsal lyoowtu o a ssaotcaedi escriwpihtte iaocvnha loufaev arbilae.
Foerx almepfo,rm osptr oecdurSePsS,rS e qiurneusm ecravila elsuT.h ufosr,d ata
sucahst hdea oyf cthlseas( e.Mgo.n,/ Werdia/n FTdu se/Th)uw,re sn eetdofi rstc odteh e
valuaesns u mb.eW res cana ssitghnneu mbetro M onW/ed/Farnid ntuhmeb etro
I 2
Tuse/Tuhr.Ts oh elupsk eep otfrt ahnceuk m bewrehs a vaes sniegtdo t hvea luweeus s,e
vallubaee ls.
Toa ssniv galluaeb ,ec llsiicnk
ValuLea bels · :Q•;Ei
thcee ylolu w anttoa ssivganel sut o
ValuLea bels
ont hVeal usec oluTmhni.ws i lbrli ng OK
Val!!e:
12
upa s malgl rabyo xC.l iocntk h baot x
V � LabeITtu es/T
hu�
tob riunpgt he Valued iaLlaboegl s
1. 0=0 " MonMed/Fri" Help
box. Add
Wheny oue ntaev ra lluaeb el,
youm usctlc ikd_ dda tfeera cehn yt.r
That wiltlh aems cosvioteae vda lue
3
ChaptIe rG ettiSntagr ted
anlda bienltt ohb eo ttsoemc toifto hnwe i ndoWwhe.an l llba elhsav e abdede,ecn id lcokn
tor eturnt hVteao r bilaVei ewwi ndow.
OK
Ina dditinoanm iatnnogld a bnegtl hivea rbilayeo,hu a vteh oep tioofdn efi nitnhge
vaarbliet pyeT.o d os ,os ipmlcylc iko nt hTey ep,W id,to hrD ecmiaslc olumnisnt he
VariabVileeww ind(oswee xea pmloenp ag3e)T .h ed efauvlatl iuasen umiecfir eltdh iats
eihgtd isgw iitedw ihtt wdoe icmalp lcaedsi splIayfyo euddr.a t aarm eo rteh aenih gtd igits
tot hlee tof ft hdee mcailp lcaet,h ewyi lbled ilsapyiends cniteinfioctt iao(ne .tgh.e,
numb2e,r0 00,0w0i0lb,el0d 0i0sy peladas 2 .00E+90)S.P SmSa itnaianccsu rabceyy ond
twod ecipmlacale bsu,at l olu tpwuitbl elr ountdoet dw doe cipmlacaleu sn leostshw eirse
indtiecidant hDee caislmc olumn.
Ino uerx alm,pew e wbieul sli nnugm reivca arbilewsih ta lolft hdee fauvlatl ues.
PractiExceer cise
Creatae d atfial foer t htew os amlpes tudeanntdss i vxar aiblepsr eseinnt ed
Examlpe Name yvoaiurareb slI:D D,A YT,I MEM,O RNINGG,R ADEa,n WdO RK.
1.21..
Yous houcloddD eA Y a=sM o/nWe/drFi2, T=use/Th.Cu orsdTeI MEa s =mornin,g
1 1
2 a=ft erno.Co ondMeO RNINGa s0 N=o,= YesC.o dWeO RK as0 N=o,= Part
1 1
Tmie2, F=u Tlilem .Be s uryeo eun tvearl luaeebl fosry oudrie ffrevnatl ues.
When dyoonsueh ,o ulda d haatwvaied n owt halotok sso meitnlhgki et hwein dow
beloNwo.t itcheSa PtS pSu ttshv ea irabnlaem eassc olumlna bealntsdh, ce e lclosn ttahien
dataase nteedr.
lilil sample-.SsPSaSDv at a Editor -IOI�
EJ1o f;,dit �iew12« 11 J.ransform � !irlPhs IJ;itles Add1lOS � t:telp
�I1"6191 11 ·1:I:: I1" 'f" lr�DII J!l��1I<0 1
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id da time momi n rade work �
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2 1901 1.00 1.00 1.00 83.00 1.00
·I
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SPSS Processor is ready
Thissma ed atwai nodwc nab ec hantgoel do osko meitnlhgki et hiem apgree sented
beliown stNeoatdte.h aitnt hciass teh,de a tcae ldlipssly at hvea lluaeb tehlacstorr espond
toe acvha leunete edr.
lilil sample-.SsPaSvDS a ta Editor
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Elle
!;.dit '.iiel2«aw I.ransform &,nalyze !ifaphs !,!titles Add-Qll5 � tfelp
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id da time rade work ..
1
4593T ues/ThurAftse rnoon 85.00 No ::I
2 1901 Mon/Wed/ Morning Yes 83.00 Part-Time
---tr-----.
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SPSS is
Processor
4
ChapterG ettiSntga rted
I
The wtwinod owasb ovreee psrnett wov ieowfs tshaemd ea .tT aot goglbee tween
thtew ov iewyso,uc acnil cEka lLuaeb seu lndtehrDe e wm en.uY ouc aanl osc ilctkh e
ValuLea ebliscn oo nt hteo orl( bsaecfroonmd riinbg ohttwh i nowds).
Setcio1n4. Loaidnga ndS avnigD ataF iles
Oncyeo uh aveen tered yyoouur data,
wilnlee tdos avietfo rl taeurs seo t hayto u SaveO alAas DD
cnar eetvrieiwt h enne eedd.
My�er
Loadiangn ds vainSgP SdSa tfial es ___, Jl!FlollPY(A:}
workisnt hsea mwea ya sm osWti ndows­ _J Dori< (C:} .M al 1en1a1s ...,..,
JP iogrom Fies
Mouse S\.IV!Vols
basesdotf war.eU nder f_itlhmeee nut,h ere _J Oata{W:) . Nowctug...,..,
areQp en andS. avceom man.dS sPSdSa ta �-.N elwork Nel!tbcchood iiOiven testuav
JCleal inghout e
filseh avae. AS Ve xtieon(nsT.h eex tseinnoi s
Fieoame;
thes ttl harleteet eorfts h fiel nea m.Te hitlsel s �aveI
Windowtsh iaittas n S PSdSa tfial e.) Save aiJYpe: ISPS S (" iav) 3 faste I
r
Cancel
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SaveY ourD ata
Whenyo us avyeo udra tfial (eb cylc ikif_nigl teh,ec nil ckiS.anvgeo ,rb yc lkiicng
ont hdei siokcn )p,a sy pecaitatlen nt towi hoeery ous aviet . sMyossttde emfasu tlott h e
lotcinao< C\:progfirla\emsss p>s.Y ouw iplrlbo ablwya nttos avyeo udra toana fl oppsyo
thyaotcu atna ktehfi el weit hy ou,i nw hiccahs yeo wuo ulsde ltehcleto cna< tAi\:o>.
LoadY ouDra ta Open Ftle DD
Wheyno ul oaydor ud at(ab cyl kiicngLooit 11' IJ Sptt
f_ilteh,ec nil ckiQpnegn ,o rb yc lcikintgh e.. .:JLooi <
...:JS a!lll• • (OIOfiaf}I� lety dailf· !
opefinl efo ledri cno)y,o ug eta silmrai AML :1.11V1Yol:. v · Emploo,ieed>l o :av
Aruiely 2 av
winodw.T hiwsin dowl sitasl fill ewsi tthh e
.ASVe xtenn.Is fyio ouh avteru oblleoa ctgi n
yousra vfieldem a,k e ysouuar rele o koinign
threi gdhietrtc o.r y Fileoame.
Fietol !YPe ISP SS .Iov1
PractiEcxeer cise
Tob es urteht a yhoauv mea stesraevdia nnogdp enidnagtfi al ensa,my eo usra pmle
datfial" es almepa"n d siaotvn ae fl oppdyi sk.s aOvnecSdeP, Sw Si dlils ypt lhanea moef
thfiel aett hteo opft hdea twai nodw.
Afteyro uh avseva edy oudra teax,iS tP S(Sb cyl kiicnognf_ ilteh,eo nn£:5. it.)
RetsaSrPtS aSn lda ody oudra .t a
Sectino 15. RunningY ourF irsAnta lysis
Anyt imyeo u oapd eantw ai nodw,y ouc arnu n oafnt yha en alyasvleabasil Teo.
gestt taerdlt,e' csa lctuetl hsaet ud'ea nvtesrgargdaee (.W ihto nlyt wos tudeynotucs na,
esaiclhye ycoku arn swbeyhr a nbdu,it m agai ndefia ltwaei ht1 ,000s0t udreencdtos. r)
Them ajroyi otft haev laaibsltteai sttiecsaatrlsue n detrhd,e n aylzem enuT.hs i
mendui pslyasa ltlh oep tioanvsla bailfoer y ouvre irnos oft hSeP SSp roagmr.O ther
vesrinosm ayh avselh itgldyie ffresnetot fso ptinos.
5