How Television Invented New Media PDF
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How Television Invented New Media How Television Invented New Media Sheila C. Murphy Rutgers University Press New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Murphy, Sheila C., 1974–. How television invented new media / Sheila C. Murphy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–8135–5004–6 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978–0–8135–5005–3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Television broadcasting—Technological innovations. 2. Television—Technological innovations. 3. Interactive television. 4. Convergence (Telecommunication) 5. Television interactive toys. I. Title. PN1992.5.M87 2011 384.55—dc22 2010035282 British Cataloging-in-Publication data for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2011 by Sheila C. Murphy All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 100 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854–8099. The only exception to this prohibition is “fair use” as defi ned by U.S. copyright law. Visit our Web site: http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu Manufactured in the United States of America For my mom, Margaret Anne Murphy (1947–2007), and for Anne Friedberg (1952–2009), my hero and friend Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: How Television Invents New Media 1 1 “This Is Intelligent Television”: The Emerging Technologies of Video Games, Computers, and the Medium of Television 41 2 Is This Convergence?: Postnetwork Television, New Media, and Emerging Middletexts 59 3 From Tube to a “Series of Tubes”: Television in and as New Media 79 4 ALT-CTRL: The Freedom of Remotes and Controls 103 Conclusion: Television Is Not New Media 124 Epilogue: On the Matter of Invention 141 Appendix A. Video Game and Digital Sources 147 Appendix B. Relevant Film and Television Sources 149 Notes 151 Bibliography 169 Index 179 vii Acknowledgments Often, what has gotten me through the more doubt-ridden and traumatic days of writing has been the idea that I might be able to dedicate this book to someone whose presence in my life helped shaped me and, by extension, what I do. Such dedications connect our navel-gazing academic efforts up to another set of conversations and exchanges that are deeply lived and felt. There is an accustomed rhythm and even academic industry standards for the dedication and acknowledgments section: institutions and colleagues in the beginning, family and friends at the end.1 This is a format I plan to mess with just a bit here. Yet in writing this dedication I found a lump in my throat and sentiments that were harder to fi t into words than I ex- pected when I began this project. I have been beyond fortunate to have the people in my life who I have met and counted on along the way. They made it possible in ways that are innumer- able and varied for me to write this book. I have a chronic medical condition, and without such help I would never be, let alone write. Friends are the people who sit with you and pore over your work with coffee in hand, who support you through the days when, like Charlie Brown, you alone seem to have a rain cloud over your head, who share in your victories both big and small. Friends—and family—are dear. They go fi rst. This book is dedicated to two such amazing friends—and family—of mine. During the extended period in which I wrote and researched this project I had the support of—and I lost—two of my dearest friends, mentors, and role models. They were my mother, Margaret Anne Murphy, and my mentor, Anne Friedberg. ix
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