How It Works Book of the Human Body PDF
Preview How It Works Book of the Human Body
W HUMAN ANATOMY THE BODY AT WORK CURIOUS QUESTIONS E N Tour the Inside the Dissecting the lymphatic human heart stomach system What does the spinal cord do? How your blood works OVER 500 How many What is bones in the a pulse? human foot? BOOK OF AMAZING THE HUMA FANCTS BODY How are teeth Breakdown of formed? the immune system Everything you need to know about the human body Behind Complex the kidney brain walls functions Structure of the ribcage How did our hands evolve? Bone fracture healing process explained How do muscles work? PACKED FULL OF FASCINATING FACTS, IMAGES & ILLUSTRATIONS Welcome to BOOK OF THE HUMAN BODY The human body is truly an amazing thing. Capable of awe-inspiring feats of speed and agility, while being mind-blowing in complexity, our bodies are unmatched by any other species on Earth. In this new edition of the Book of the Human Body, we explore our amazing anatomy in fi ne detail before delving into the intricacies of the complex processes, functions and systems that keep us going. For instance, did you know you really have 16 senses? We also explain the weirdest and most wonderful bodily phenomena, from blushing to hiccuping, cramps to blisters. We will tour the human body from head to toe, using anatomical illustrations, amazing photography and authoritative explanations to teach you more. This book will help you understand the wonder that is the human body and in no time you will begin to see yourself in a whole new light! BOOK OF THE HUMAN BODY Imagine Publishing Ltd Richmond House 33 Richmond Hill Bournemouth Dorset BH2 6EZ (cid:8) +44 (0) 1202 586200 Website: www.imagine-publishing.co.uk Publishing Director Aaron Asadi Head of Design Ross Andrews Production Editor Jen Neal Senior Art Editor Greg Whitaker Senior Designer Sarah Bellman Photographer James Sheppard Printed by William Gibbons, 26 Planetary Road, Willenhall, West Midlands, WV13 3XT Distributed in the UK, Eire & the Rest of the World by Marketforce, 5 Chruchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5HU Tel 0203 787 9060 www.marketforce.co.uk Distributed in Australia by Network Services (a division of Bauer Media Group), Level 21 Civic Tower, 66-68 Goulburn Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia Tel +61 2 8667 5288 Disclaimer The publisher cannot accept responsibility for any unsolicited material lost or damaged in the post. All text and layout is the copyright of Imagine Publishing Ltd. Nothing in this bookazine may be reproduced in whole or part without the written permission of the publisher. All copyrights are recognised and used specifically for the purpose of criticism and review. Although the bookazine has endeavoured to ensure all information is correct at time of print, prices and availability may change. This bookazine is fully independent and not affiliated in any way with the companies mentioned herein. How It Works Book of the Human Body Sixth Edition © 2016 Imagine Publishing Ltd Part of the bookazine series CONTENTS 064 Human anatomy Urinary system 010 50 amazing body facts explained 018 Human cells 020 Inside a nucleus 021 What are stem cells? 022 Brain power 026 Vision and eyesight 028 How ears work 030 The tonsils 031 Vocal cords 032 All about teeth 026 034 Anatomy of the neck The power of your brain 092 036 The human skeleton How do we 038 The spine breathe? 040 How the body moves 042 How muscles work 044 Skin colour / Skin grafts 045 Under the skin 046 Heart attacks 047 Heart bypasses 048 The human kidneys 050 Kidney transplants 052 Vestigial organs 053 How the spleen works The body at work 054 How the liver works 056 The small intestine 076 The science of sleep 058 The human ribcage 084 The blood-brain barrier 060 How the pancreas works 085 Pituitary gland up close 062 How your bladder works 086 Human digestion explained 064 The urinary system 088 Altitude sickness / Synapses 066 Inside the human stomach 089 Adrenaline 068 The human hand 090 Human respiration 070 Finger nails / Achilles’ tendon 092 Dehydration / Sweating 071 Inside the knee 093 Scar types 072 How your feet work 094 The immune system 006 157 Correcting heart rhythms / Curious questions Salt / Adam’s apple 142 Left or right brained? 158 Seasickness / Rumbling stomachs 144 Brain freeze 159 Cravings 145 Runny nose / Comas 160 Feet smell / Knee-jerk 146 Sore throat / Ears pop / reaction Freckles 161 Blisters / Cramp 147 Memory / Toothpaste / Epidurals 162 Brain control / Laughing 148 Blush / Caffeine / Fainting 163 Dandruff / Eye adjustment / Distance the eye can see 149 What is Tinnitus? / When does the brain stop growing? 164 Allergies / Eczema 150 72-hour deodorant / 165 Growing pains / Squinting Modern fi llings 151 What powers cells? 166 What are twins? 152 Can we see thoughts? 168 Alveoli 046 154 How anaesthesia works 169 Migraines / Eyedrops How do heart attacks happen? 155 Stomach ulcers / Mouth ulcers 170 Paper cuts / Pins and needles / Funny bones 156 Enzymes / Love 171 A ching muscles / Fat hormone 98 Bone fracture healing 172 Raw meat / Inoculations / 99 Making protein Upper arm and leg 100 The cell cycle 173 What causes insomnia? 102 Human pregnancy 174 Hair growth / Blonde hair 104 Embryo development appearance 106 How we taste / Taste buds 175 Why do we get angry? 107 What is saliva? 170 108 Neurotransmitters and Why is it called your feelings a funny bone? 109 Short term memory 110 White blood cells 112 The science of genetics 117 What is anxiety? 118 Circulatory system 120 How your blood works 124 Blood vessels / Hyperventilation 125 Tracheotomy surgery 126 Hormones 128 Exploring the sensory system 132 Chickenpox 100 133 Why we cry Healing bone 134 The other senses fractures 007 HUMAN ANATOMY 026 Inside the eye 010 024 50 fantastic How facts about we think the body L P S © 021 Stem cells 068 The human hand 010 50 amazing body facts 040 How the body moves From head to toe The types of joints explained 018 Human cells 042 How muscles work How are they structured? Muscle power revealed 020 Inside a nucleus 044 Skin colour / Skin grafts Dissecting a cell’s control centre Skin facts explained 021 What are stem cells? 031 Vocal cords 045 Under the skin Building block bring new life See how they help us talk Anatomy of our largest organ 022 Brain power 032 All about teeth 046 Heart attacks About our most complex organ Dental anatomy and more Why do they happen? 026 The science of vision 034 Anatomy of the neck 047 Heart bypasses Inside the eye Impressive anatomical design How are blockages bypassed? 028 How ears work 036 The human skeleton 048 Human kidneys Sound and balance explained A bounty of boney facts How do your kidneys function? 030 The tonsils 038 The human spine 050 Kidney transplants What are these fl eshy lumps? 33 vertebrae explained The body’s natural fi lters 008 022 Understand the nerves 024 How do we smell? 058 The human ribcage 072 How do our feet work? 046 Inside the heart 018 Cell structure revealed 052 Vestigial organs Are they really useless? 053 How the spleen works Learn how it staves off infections 054 How the liver works The ultimate multitasker 056 The small intestine 066 Inside the human stomach How does this organ work? How does this organ digest food? 058 The human ribcage 068 The human hand The protective function of the ribs Our most versatile body part 060 How the pancreas works 070 Finger nails / Achilles’ tendon The body’s digestive workhorse A look at fi ngernails and more 062 How your bladder works 071 Inside the knee Waste removal facts See how it allows us to walk 064 The urinary system 072 How your feet work How we process waste Feet facts and stats 009 HHUUMMAANN AANNAATTOOMMYY 50 Amazing facts about the human body There are lots of medical questions everybody wants to ask but we just never get the chance… until now! T he human body is the most complex organism we know and if humans tried to build one artifi cially, we’d fail abysmally. There’s more we don’t know about the body than we do know. This includes many of the quirks and seemingly useless traits that our species carry. However, not all of these traits are as bizarre as they may seem, and many have an evolutionary tale behind them. Asking these questions is only natural but most of us are too embarrassed or never get the opportunity – so here’s a chance to clear up all those niggling queries. We’ll take a head-to-toe tour of the quirks of human biology, looking at everything from tongue rolling and why we are ticklish through to pulled muscles and why we dream. 10
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