Housing Density

180 Pages·2012·32.215 MB·English

by  Gerhard Steixner (auth.)

~ SpringerWienNewYork
Housing Density
Department for
Building Construction
and Design – HB2
Institute of Architecture
and Design
Vienna University
of Technology
Editor
2012
SpringerWienNewYork
Housing Density SpringerWienNewYork is a part of
Springer Science + Business Media
Published by www.springer.at
Vienna University of Technology
Institute of Architecture and Design Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free
Department for Building Construction bleached paper
and Design – HB2
Gerhard Steixner SPIN: 80015906
Head of department
T +43 / 1 / 588 01 270 26 This work is subject to copyright.
http://www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at All rights are reserved, whether
the whole or part of the material
Editorial work is concerned, specifically those
Gerhard Steixner of translation, reprinting, re-use of
Polina Petrova illustrations, broadcasting, repro-
Laura Hannappel duction by photocopying machines or
Linda Rukschcio similar means, and storage in data
Vera Kumer banks.
Translation Product Liability: The publisher can
Lucie Motloch give no guarantee for all the infor-
mation contained in this book. The use
Proofreading of registered names, trademarks, etc.
Christoph von Pohl in this publication does not imply, even
in the absence of a specific statement,
Graphic design that such names are exempt from
Büro Ferkl the relevant pro t ective laws and
regulations and therefore free for
Print general use.
Rema Print, Vienna
One volume with numerous color and
Copyright black-and-white illustrations.
authors, architects, students,
photographers Library of Congress Control Number:
2011 944 827
© 2012, Department for Building
Construction and Design – HB2 ISBN 978-3-7091-0358-6
Vienna University of Technology / SpringerWienNewYork
Springer-Verlag, Wien
Content
Preface
Gerhard Steixner
10
Interviews
The interviews were
conducted by Maria Welzig
and Gerhard Steixner
Harry Glück
20
Roland Rainer
30
Projects
41 – 179
Appendix
182
Floor Space Index 0.32 0.50 0.65
Project BBQ Village Con[Trans] Living Watzespitze
Students Laura Untertrifaller Markus Göschl Rebecca Bremer
Alena Preldzic Nicole Neumayr
Instructor Adele J. Gindlstrasser Ulrike Hausdorf Silvia Boday
Page 41 51 61
Projects
1.00 1.10 1.35 1.40
Courtyard House³ Frame Story The Inner World
Fabian Antosch Stefan Kristoffer Emanuel Bührle Eva Liisa Freuis-Manhart
Mauricio Duda Susanne Mariacher Melanie Hosner
Helene Schauer Marius Nechville
Feria Gharakhanzadeh Eva Cˇeška Martina Schöberl Franziska Orso
71 81 91 101
Floor Space Index 1.65 1.70 2.50
Project 45.425277° / 12.327219° Green Modules Green Crossover
Students Johannes Ritsch Viktoria Jiru Michael Strodl
Sarah Wantoch Christian Daschek Maximilian Bauböck
Instructor Kinayeh Geiswinkler-Aziz Marlies Breuss Ursula Schneider
Page 111 121 131
Projects
2.50 2.70 2.82 3.00
Housing Square Living Density Wood on a Higher Level Cracked
Bernd Hattinger Annika Hillebrand Isabell Ausserer Emeli Steinbacher
Fabian Lutter Philipp Rudigier Alexandra Stummer Johann Szebeni
Susanne Fritzer Maria Flöckner Katharina Fröch Gerda Maria Gerner
141 151 161 171
The Greatest Number
Gerhard Steixner
Housing construction for the greatest number is Repeated efforts since the First World War to
an important indicator of the social character of achieve cost-effective, ecological and socially sus-
a society. Most people want to live in a single-family tainable construction – and buildings to serve as
house. In the Netherlands, in England or in Japan, examples thereof – show that the problem is not a
this wish is largely being taken into account. In lack of knowledge, but of competitive mechanisms
contrast to these countries, the simple row house and, because of other interests, a lack of will to
or the high-density, low-rise building has yet to implement this knowledge.
be established as a cost-effective form of building However, we as architects cannot bridge the gap
in Austria. The percentage of apartment buildings between constructed reality and the users’ desires
in Austria is 60% and the construction costs are on our own. Housing construction is urban devel-
correspondingly higher than in the aforementioned opment and therefore a category of the political.
countries.
After the First World War, Vienna’s first city counci-
A high percentage of the population not only has lor for housing declared that, given the city’s many
to be content with an unwelcome type of housing, tenement blocks from the “Gründerzeit” 4, only
but as a result of a low ownership rate also has single-family houses would be built in the future.
to bear even higher expenses in the form of rising Josef Frank and Adolf Loos were the protagonists
rents. of the Vienna Settlers’ Movement which attempted
“Housing is a basic need for all, as well as an to promote the incipient democratization of socie-
important social and economic matter of fact. A ty in the area of public housing. Low development
roof over one’s head is expensive – the owner- densities, spacious gardens and communal facilities
ship of a house or an apartment can be expensive such as swimming pools, kindergartens, libraries,
due to construction or purchase, but in the long laundry and healthcare facilities were characteristic
term poses less of a financial burden; renting features of the “superblocks” 5 of Red Vienna built
in volves continually rising costs. In general, these in the thirties of the last century.
costs belong to the most significant household After the Second World War, Roland Rainer con-
expenditures.” 1 tinued the efforts to provide livable housing. His
The result is a low level of housing and life writings 6 on housing issues laid the groundwork for
satis faction, both in absolute terms as well as in a the Europe-wide search for alternatives to the
Europe-wide comparison. 2 Declining birth rates, status quo in housing construction and urban de-
high social and healthcare costs, and the increased velopment that resurfaced in the mid-sixties. New
popularity of so-called protest parties 3 are a clear forms of urban housing 7 were developed as an
indication of the necessity for a paradigm shift answer to the perimeter block and the row house.
when it comes to housing. High-density low-rise buildings and – in response
to the call for higher density – terrace complexes
10