Housing and the new welfare state : perspectives from East Asia and Europe.

217 Pages·2007·1.353 MB·English

by  Groves, Richard

AGEING MATTERS
Social Policy in Modern Asia
Series Editor
CATHERINE JONES FINER
In an age of globalization, this series is designed to help broaden the basis and the
perspectives of international comparative social policy by introducing fresh countries
and above all fresh perspectives on social policy into what has hitherto been very
much a Western-dominated field. Topics to be covered include social care, welfare
services, family structure, crime and punishment, pensions, housing, and healthcare
in various countries including China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.
Also in this series
Social Policy Reform in China: Views from Home and Abroad
Catherine Jones Finer
ISBN 0 7546 3175 3
The Possibility of Social Policy: The Political Construction of State Welfare
in the Republic of Korea
Gyu-Jin Hwang
ISBN 0 7546 4261 5
Housing in the New Welfare State: Comparing Europe and East Asia
Edoted by Alan Murie and Rick Groves
0 7546 4440 5
Ageing Matters
European Policy Lessons from the East
Edited by
JOHN DOLING, CATHERINE JONES FINER, TONY MALTBY
University of Birmingham, UK
ASHGATE
Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwell
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Contributors
Acknowledgements
PART I: THE CONTEXT
1 Editorial Introduction
John Doling 3
2 Prospects for Pragmatism: Trading Lessons in Social Policy
Between East and West
Catherine Jones Finer 9
3 Ageing and Social Policy in the European Union:
A Contextual Overview
Tony Maltby and Gordon Deuchars 19
PART II: THE CASE STUDIES
4 Malaysia: Supporting Families
Roziah Omar 41
5 Population Ageing in Singapore: The Challenge of Using
the Central Provident Fund for Retirement Needs
Tee Liang Ngiam 56
6 Ageing Issues and Policy in Hong Kong: Lessons for Other
Countries
Joe C. B. Leung 76
7 Universal Values Versus Political Ideology: The Virtual Reform
Experience of Taiwan's National Pension Plan
Hsiao-hung Nancy Chen 96
8 National Policies on Ageing in South Korea
Sung-Jae Choi and Seong-Hoon Bae 123
vi Ageing Matters
9 Inter-generational Equity and Social Solidarity: Japan's Search
for an Integrated Policy on Ageing
Tetsuo Ogawa 150
PART III: THE LESSONS
10 Ageing in East and Southeast Asia
Paul Wilding 179
11 Lessons to Be Learnt
John Doling, Catherine Jones Finer and Tony Maltby 187
Statistical Appendix: Ageing Matters in Figures
Li Kan 197
Index 201
List of Tables
2.1 Feasibility and desirability of lesson-drawing 13
2.2 Cultural distance versus size of lesson: chances of success 13
3.1 Projection of population over 60 (percentages) 20
3.2 At risk of poverty rate (60 per cent of median equivalized income),
by age (1998) 23
3.3 Employment rate of older workers as a share of total population
in 2000 30
4.1 Life expectancy by ethnicity and sex: Peninsular Malaysia 43
4.2 Percentage of persons aged over 60 by ethnic group and area
of residence 43
4.3 Number of Rumah Seri Kenangan occupants and total expenditure
by year 49
5.1 CPF contribution rates 63
5.2 Distribution of CPF contribution rates 63
5.A1 Population profile (mostly descendants of immigrants from Malay
Peninsula, China and Indian subcontinent) 71
5.A2 Population estimates by sex and age group (end June 2001) 72
5.A3 Religious affiliation (those aged 15 years and above)
(Census 2000 data) 72
6.1 Social service expenditures as a proportion of government budget
and total GDP in 2002 80
6.2 The ageing population over the years 82
6.3 Total population and elderly population growth rates 82
6.4 Number of CSSA cases and expenditure over the years 87
6.5 Composition of CSSA cases in 1993 and 2002 87
6.6 Elderly recipients and expenditures on CSSA and OAA (1996/7 to
2002/3) 89
7.1 Trends in the number of the aged and their living conditions
in Taiwan 99
7.2 Coverage of social insurance including old-age benefit, 2001 100
7.3 Social insurance: the status quo in Taiwan 101
7.4 Income maintenance for the aged population 102
7.5 Income replacement rate of civil servants' pension 103
7.6 Welfare services for the elderly 106
7.7 Various welfare subsidies for the elderly in Taiwan 107
7.8 Forecast demand for long-term domiciliary care in Taiwan,
1995-2035 (000) 108
7.9 The features of NPI 111
viii Ageing Matters
7.10 Comparison of the different versions of Taiwan's
National Pension Plan, as compared with existing welfare
subsidies for the elderly 112
7.11 Analysis and comparison of pension reforms in major
European welfare states, the USA, and Taiwan 114
8.1 Actual and estimated number and proportion of aged population
in Korea, 1960 to 2030 124
8.2 Ageing rates by selected countries 125
8.3 Changes in elderly Koreans' living arrangements 126
8.4 Income distribution and source of income of elderly Koreans'
households(N= 3,877) 127
8.5 Economically active and employed population aged 15 and over
in 2000 128
8.6 Physical health status and prevalence of dementia among
elderly Koreans 130
8.7 Elderly Koreans' participation in social and recreational activity
(percentage by frequency of participation) 131
8.8 Summary of national policies for elderly Koreans 134
8.9 Coverage and recipients of cash payments under income
maintenance programmes, 2002 135
9.1 Average annual incomes of households (2000) 152
9.2 Development of the LTCIS and its impact on the situation of
older people in Japan (as of 1999, 2000 and 2001) 164
Al Demographic characteristics 198
A2 Economic and pension characteristics 200
List of Figures
7.1 Comparative ageing in Taiwan: number of years required for
the ratio of those aged 65+ to the total population to grow
from 7 to 14 per cent 98
7.2 Lump-sum old-age economic security: a comparison among
civil servants, teachers, labourers and farmers (2002) 104
7.3 Monthly old-age economic security: a comparison among civil
servants, teachers, labourers and farmers (2002) 105
7.4 Social insurance system — National Pension Insurance 116
7.5 National Pension Insurance (continued) 117
9.1 Japanese pension scheme structure 154