Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism

354 Pages·1989·1.62 MB·English

by  Valene L. Smith

a
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HOSTS
AND GUESTS
THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF TOURISM
SECOND EDITION
VALENE L SMITH m*
PENN
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS Philadelphia
T
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4011
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hosts and Guests.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Tourist trade. I. Smith, Valene L.
G155.A1H67 1989 380.1'4591 88-27795
ISBN 8-8122-1280-0 (alk. paper)
CONTENTS
preface ix ix
Introduction 1
PART I
TOURISM AND LEISURE: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
1. Tourism: The Sacred Journey 21
NELSON H. H. GRABURN
2. Tourism as a Form of Imperialism 37
DENNISON NASH
PART II
NASCENT TOURISM IN NON-WESTERN SOCIETIES
3. Eskimo Tourism: Micro-Models and Marginal Men 55
VALENE L. SMITH
4. Gender Roles in Indigenous Tourism: Kuna Mola, Kuna Yala, and
Cultural Survival 83
MARGARET BYRNE SWAIN
vi Contents
5. Tourism in Tonga Revisited: Continued Troubled Times? 105
CHARLES F. URBANOWICZ
6. Towards a Theoretical Analysis of Tourism: Economic Dualism
and Cultural Involution in Bali 119
PHILIP FRICK MCKEAN
7. Tourism in Toraja (Sulawesi, Indonesia) 139
ERIC CRYSTAL
PART III
TOURISM IN EUROPEAN RESORTS
8. Culture by the Pound: An Anthropological Perspective on Tourism
as Cultural Commoditization 171
DAVYDD J. GREENWOOD
9. Changing Perceptions of Tourism and Tourists in a Catalan Resort
Town 187
ORIOL PI-SUNYER
PART IV
TOURISM IN COMPLEX SOCIETIES
10. Tourism and Development in Three North Carolina Coastal
Towns 203
JOHN GREGORY PECK and ALICE SHEAR LEPIE
11. The Impact of Tourism on the Arts and Crafts of the Indians of the
Southwestern United States 223
LEWIS I. DEITCH
12. Creating Antiques for Fun and Profit: Encounters Between Iranian
Jewish Merchants and Touring Coreligionists 237
LAURENCE D. LOEB
13. The Polynesian Cultural Center: A Multi-Ethnic Model of Seven
Pacific Cultures 247
MAX E. STANTON
vii Contents
PART V
TOWARDS A THEORY OF TOURISM
14. Touristic Studies in Anthropological Perspective 265
THERON NUNEZ, WITH EPILOGUE BY JAMES LETT
A
Index 331
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PREFACE
VALENE L. SMITH
The first edition of Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism, pub-
lished in 1977, was a pioneering work that legitimatized the American
academic study of tourism, and provided both a preliminary theoretical per-
spective and twelve case studies documenting the impacts of tourism. The
book owed its genesis to the first national academic symposium on tourism,
held in conjunction with the 1974 Mexico City meetings of the American
Anthropological Association. Also in 1977, the World Tourism Organiza-
tion (WTO) was created to replace the International Union of Official Travel
Organizations, which had functioned since 1925 for the purpose of promot-
ing and developing tourism in the interest of economic, social, and political
progress of all nations. However, the authors of the first edition must admit
to some myopic ethnocentrism in their 1974 "discovery" of the impacts of
tourism. As we soon learned, there was a significant body of knowledge in
Europe, dating to as early as 1899 (Cohen 1984), for that continent was the
first to experience mass tourism.
The first edition of Hosts and Guests was well received and widely
cited. This work and several others that appeared almost simultaneously—
notably DeKadt (1977) and MacCannell (1976)—sparked research in several
disciplines. The result has been far greater understanding of the nature of
tourism and its effect on the structure of society. In 1978 it was suggested to
each author that a second edition might be feasible in a decade (Smith 1978);
that idea has been realized here.