Host-stranger relations in Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam. A comparison of local pol

343 Pages·2017·29.33 MB·English

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Host-stranger relations in Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam. A comparison
of local policies toward labour migrants
Alexander, M.A.
Publication date
2003
Document Version
Final published version
Link to publication
Citation for published version (APA):
Alexander, M. A. (2003). Host-stranger relations in Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam. A
comparison of local policies toward labour migrants. [Thesis, fully internal, AME]. AME,
Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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Download date:27 Jan 2023
Host-Strangerr Relations
inn Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam
AA comparison of local policies toward labour migrants
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Michaell Alexander
Host-Strangerr Relations
inn Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam
AA comparison of local policies toward labour migrants
ACADEMISCHH PROEFSCHRIFT
terr verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aann de Universiteit van Amsterdam
opp gezag van de Rector Magnificus
prof.. mr. P.F. van der Heijden
tenn overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde
commissie,, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit
opp donderdag 11 december 2003, te 10.00 uur
door r
Michaell Alexander
geborenn te Tel Aviv, Israel.
Promotiecommissie: :
Promotor:: Prof. dr. S. Musterd
Overigee leden: Prof. dr. J.M.M, van Amersfoort
Dr.. M. MartinieÜo
Prof.. dr. MJ.A. Penninx
Prof.. dr. I. Schnell
Prof.. dr. H.H. van der Wusten
Faculteitt der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen
Host-Strangerr Relations
inn Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam
AA comparison of local policies toward labour migrants
MichaelMichael Alexander
AmsterdamAmsterdam Study Centre for the Metropolitan Environment
UniversiteitUniversiteit van Amsterdam
Alexander,, M. (2003) Host-Stranger Relations in Rome, Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam: a
comparisoncomparison of local policies toward labour migrants. Doctoral thesis, AME, University of
Amsterdam,, The Netherlands.
Cover:: African labour migrants holding the keys to houses that they clean in Tel Aviv (photo
byy Nir Kafri, Hair, 7 September 2000); City halls of Rome. Tel Aviv, Paris and Amsterdam.
Tablee of Contents
Tablee of contents
Listt of figures, tables, maps and boxes
Prefacee and acknowledgements
PARTT ONE
1.. INTRODUCTION
1.. Cities respond to labour migrant settlement
1.11 The labour migrant as Stranger in our midst
1.22 Local policy reactions to migrants
1.33 The significance of local migrant policies
2.. Existing theory
3.. A host-stranger relations approach to local migrant policies
3.11 The model
3.22 The typology
3.33 Theoretical relevance
4.. Aims of the study
4.11 Research aims
4.22 Research questions
4.33 Policy relevance
5.. Research design, process and methods
6.. Structure of the book
2.. HOST-STRANGER RELATIONS THEORY
1.. Introduction
1.11 Conceptualising the Other/Stranger
1.22 Modernity, postmodemity and host-stranger relations
2.. From 'I-Other' to 'Host-Stranger' relations: a theoretical review
2.11 Defining the Other
2.22 Defining the Stranger: modern conceptualizations
2.33 Postmodern views of Strangers
3.. Spatial aspects of host-stranger relations
3.11 Modem views of segregation: the social-spatial distance equation
3.22 Toward postmodern 'geographies of others'
3.33 The pervasiveness of Strangers in the postmodern city
3.44 Postmodern responses to the pervasiveness of Strangers: spatial mani
3.55 Different types of Strangers, different kinds of segregation
ï ï
4.. Summarising the host-stranger relations approach to local migrant policy 31
4.11 Migrant settlement as the 'Stranger within the city walls' 31
4.22 Labour migrants as one type of Stranger 31
4.33 Modern and postmodern perceptions of Strangerhood 32
4.44 Modern and postmodern responses to the presence of Strangers 32
4.55 The city as the context of local reactions to migrant settlement 32
4.66 Local migrant policies as one aspect of host-stranger relations 33
3.. LOCAL MIGRANT POLICIES - THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 37
1.. Defining the study parameters 37
1.11 Defining'local policies' 37
1.22 Defining 'policies toward labour migrants' 38
1.33 Defining the policy issue areas 40
1.44 Summary: 'local migrant policies' in this study 41
2.. National-level theories of migrant policy 41
2.11 National-level models 41
2.22 Critiques of national-level explanations 45
3.. Local-level research on migrant policy 46
4.. Summary: the gap between national-level theorising and local-level research 50
4.. A TYPOLOGY OF LOCAL MIGRANT POLICIES 53
1.. Introduction 53
2.. Local authority attitudes and policy types/phases 55
3.. Policy domains and issue areas 58
4.. Integrated typology of local migrant policies 61
PARTT TWO
5.. THE CASE STUDIES 67
1.. Aims 67
2.. The choice of cities 67
3.. Conduct of the case studies 72
4.. Structure of the case studies 73
6.. ROME 75
1.. Introduction 75
2.. The national context 75
2.11 Immigration to Italy 75
2.22 Host-stranger relations in Italy 77
2.33 The Italian immigration regime 79
3.. The local context: labour migration in Rome and local policy responses 82
3.11 Immigrants in Rome 82
3.22 Local host-stranger relations 89
3.33 Institutional and political context 90
4.. Local migrant policy in Rome 93
4.11 Non-policy, mid-1970s to 1990 93
4.22 Transition, 1990-1992 95
4.33 A new migrant policy, 1993 -2001 95
5.. Summary 107
7.. TEL AVIV 113
1.11 ntroduction 113
2.. The national context 114
2.11 Host-stranger relations in the Israeli ethnocracy 114
2.22 An ethnically-based dual labour market 116
2.33 The Israeli guestworker regime 118
3.. The local context 120
3.11 A city built on waves of immigration 120
3.2.. Labour migrants in Tel Aviv 121
3.33 Local host-stranger relations 126
3.44 Political and institutional context 128
4.. Local migrant policies in Tel Aviv 128
4.11 Non-policy, late 1980s to mid-1990s 129
4.22 From (informal) Non-policy to (formal) Guestworker policy, 1996-1998 131
4.33 Toward a 'liberal' guestworker policy, 1999-2002 137
5.. Summary 150
8.. PARIS 155
1.. Introduction 155
2.. The national context 158
2.11 Host-stranger relations in France 158
2.22 National immigration/integration policies 160
2.33 The Algerian context 161
3.. The local context 163
3.11 A brief history of immigration to Paris 163
3.22 Characterising today's foreign resident population 166
in n
3.33 Settlement patterns of postwar migrants/minorities in Paris 168
3.44 Local host-stranger relations 173
3.55 Institutional and political context 173
4.. Urban policy in Paris - 150 years of distancing the Other 177
4.11 The foundations of urban policy in Paris: Haussmannian renovation, 1853 -1870 176
4.22 Emergence of local urban policy: hygienism and renovation, 1870s - 1950s 176
4.33 Hierarchical renovation policy, mid-1950s - mid-1970s 180
4.44 Gentrification policy under Chirac and Tiberi, 1977 - 2001 182
4.55 Paris and the Politique de la Ville 1 g4
5.. Local migrant policies in Paris 188
5.11 Juridical-political domain 188
5.22 Socio-economic domain 189
5.33 Cultural-religious domain 192
6.. The new integration policy, 2001 -... 193
6.11 Formulating the new policy 193
6.22 Socio-economic domain 194
6.33 Juridical-political domain: the "Citizenship Council" 195
6.44 Cultural-religious domain 198
6.55 Spatial domain 198
7.. Summary I99
9.. AMSTERDAM 203
1.. Introduction 203
2.. The national context 204
2.11 Dutch tolerance of Otherness: gedogen and the pillar approach 204
2.22 Dutch intolerance of Otherness: the institutionalised problematisation of Strangers205
2.33 The colonial legacy, race and membership in the Netherlands 207
2.44 Post-war immigration cycles 209
2.55 Host-stranger relations and national immigration policies 211
3.. The local context 216
3.11 Brief history of immigration to Amsterdam 216
3.22 Characterising Amsterdam's migrant/minorities population 218
3.33 Political and institutional context 225
4.. Migrant policies in Amsterdam 228
4.11 Non-policy, late 1950s - early-1960s 228
4.22 Guestworker policies, mid-1960s to mid-1970s 228
4.33 Accepting permanence: local migrant policies from the mid-1970s 230
4.44 "Minorities Policy", 1980 to mid-1990s 233
5.. Reacting to multicultural policies: "Diversity Policy" from mid-1990s 243
5.11 Background 243
5.22 Diversity Policy - aims and organization 244
IV V