Horticulture, Plantation Crops and Organic Farming - of Planning

484 Pages·2007·6.9 MB·English

Report of the
Working Group on
Horticulture, Plantation Crops
and Organic Farming
for the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12)
CONTENTS
Page Numbers
Preface
Executive Summary i
Chapter I: Status Of Horticulture 1
1.1 Horticulture Redefined 1
1.2 Status Of Horticulture Industry In India 2
1. 3 Status Of Fruit Crops 4
1.4 Status Of Vegetable Crops 17
1.5 Status Of Mushrooms 24
1.6 Status Of Spice Crops 24
1.7 Status Of Ornamental Crops 27
1.8 Status Of Medicinal And Aromatic Crops 29
1.9 Status Of Plantation Crops 31
1.10 Conclusions 40
Chapter II: Horticultural Research
2.1 Introduction 47
2.2 Research Infrastructure 47
2.3 Varieties Developed 48
2.4 Improved Propagation Methods 54
2.5 Micropropagation 55
2.6 Biotechnology 56
2.7 Improved Production Technologies 56
2.8 Use Of Plant Bio-Regulators 57
2.9 Canopy Management 58
2.10 Irrigation 58
2.11 Protected Cultivation 58
2.12 High Density Planting 58
2.13 Standardization of Rootstocks 59
2.14 Use of INM and biofertilisers 59
2.15 Use Of Bio-Control Agents 60
2.16 Micro-Irrigation & Fertigation 60
2.17 Protected Cultivation 60
2.18 Mulching 61
2.19 Plant Protection, IPM and Pesticide Residues 61
2.20 Post Harvest Management 62
2.21 Mechanization 63
2.22 Major Crop Specific Problems 63
2.23 Plan Thrust Areas of Research 66
Chapter III: Horticulture Development
3.1 History and Infrastructure 67
3.2 Budgetary Allocation 70
3.3 Programmes and Progress 71
Chapter IV: Planting Material
4.1 Importance 120
4.2 Propagation Methods In Horticultural Crops 120
4.3 Existing Infrastructure 121
4.4. Status Of Nurseries In The Country 122
4.5 Seed Act And Nurseries Registration Act 123
4.6 Major Initiative By States 124
4.7 X Plan Programmes 125
4.8 Certification Mechanism For Plant Material 127
4.9 Constraints In Development Of Planting Material 131
4.10 Projections For XI Plan 132
4.11 Budget Allocation for Creating Facilities under 148
Planting Material During XI Plan

Chapter V: Horticulture Biotechnology
5.1. Introduction 149
5.2 Micropropagation Industry in India 149
5.3 Other Biotechnology Initiatives 156
5.4 Programmes Under National Horticulture Mission 161
5.5 Programmes Proposed For XI Plan 162
5.6 Financial Outlay For Horticultural Biotechnological R&D 166
During XI Plan
Chapter VI: High-Tech Interventions
6.1 Introduction 167
6.2 High Density Planting 168
6.3 Use of Plastics In Horticulture 173
6.4 Integrated Nutrient Management 184
6.5 Integrated Pest And Disease Management 199
6.6 Precision Farming 206
Chapter VII: Organic Farming
7.1 Introduction 210
7.2. Organic Programme And Performance During X Plan 211
7.3 Other Schemes On Organic Horticulture And Plantations 215
7.4 Organic Farming During XI Plan 216
7.5 Implementation Mechanism 221
Chapter VIII: Post Harvest Management
8.1 Introduction 224
8.2 Post Harvest Losses 224
8.3 Causes Of Post Harvest Losses 225
8.4 Status Of Post-Harvest Infrastructure 226
8.5 Interventions To Combat Post Harvest Losses 228
8.6 Ripening Requirements 236
8.7 Supply Chain Management 237
8.8 Value Added Products 237
8.9 Governmental Initiatives 240
8.10 Policy Intervention 242
8.11 Suggested Modifications 242
8.12 Human Resources Development 246
8.13 Technology Transfer 246
Chapter IX: Marketing
9.1 Present Marketing Structure 248
9.2 Strategy For Agricultural Marketing 249
9.3 Progress Of Reforms In Agricultural Markets 253
9.4 Policy Interventions 253
9.5 Suggested Modifications In The Existing Schemes/ Proposed 255
And New Schemes For The XI Five Year Plan
9.6 Infrastructure Proposed 257
Chapter X: Exports, Imports and WTO
10.1 Exports 259
10.2 Imports 285
10.3 WTO 286
10.4 Budget Requirement 287
Chapter XI: Technology Transfer
11.1 Introduction 288
11.2. Status Of Extension System And Programmes 290
11.3 Small And Marginal Farmers And Women In Horticulture 290
11.4 Constraints In Technology Dissemination 293
11.5 Strategies For Revitalizing Transfer Of Technology 293
System In Horticulture
11.6 Capacity Building For Technology Utilization 296
11.7 Specific Recommendations 296
11.8 Budget Requirement 298
Chapter XII: Human Resource Development In Horticulture
12.1 Human Resource Development 300
12.2. Horticulture Information System And Database 308
12.3 Recommendations 310
Chapter XIII: Horticultural Database
13.1 Introduction 312
13.2 Present Status Of Horticultural Data 313
13.3 Reliability Of Data 314
13.4 Constraints For Data Collection And Compilation 314
13.5 Remedial Measures 315
13.6 Proposals For Xi Plan 316

Chapter XIV: Risk Management, Credit And Public Private Investment
14.1 Risk Management 320
14.2 Credit 323
14.3 Public Private Investment 329
Chapter XV : Eleventh Plan Programmes, Budget And Plocy Issues
15.1 Introduction 332
15.2 Recommendation On X Plan Programmes 332
15.3 Policy Issues 336
15.4 Budget 339
15.5. Summary Of Total Outlay For Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) 347
Chapter XVI : Organisational Reforms
16.1. Background 348
16.2. Present Organizational Structure 348
16.3 Constraints In The Present Organisational Structure 350
16.4 Suggestions For Organizational Reforms 351

Annexures 354
CONTENTS
S.No Topic Page No
Preface
1 Status of Horticulture 1
2 Horticulture Research 5
3 Horticulture Development 8
4 Planting Materials 11
5 Biotechnology 14
6 Hi-Tech Horticulture 16
7 Organic Farming 20
8 Post Harvest Management 23
9 Marketing 25
10 Exports, Imports and WTO 29
11 Transfer of Technology 34
12 Human Resource Development 36
13 Data Base 37
14 Risk Management, Credit and Public Private Investment 40
15 Eleventh Plan Programmes, Budget and Policy Issues 44
16 Organizational Reforms 49
Annexures i-lxvii
PREFACE

The horticulture sector encompasses a wide range of crops namely fruit crops,
vegetables crops, potato and tuber crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic
crops, spices and plantation crops. New introductions like mushroom, bamboo and
bee keeping (for improving the crop productivity) further expanded the scope of
horticulture. While the first few Five Year Plans assigned priority to achieving self
sufficiency in food grain production, over the years, horticulture has emerged as an
indispensable part of agriculture, offering a wide range of choices to the farmers for
crop diversification. It also provides ample opportunities for sustaining large number
of agro-industries which generate substantial employment opportunities. The
horticulture sector contributes around 28% of the GDP from about 13.08% of the
area and 37 % of the total exports of agricultural commodities.
During the previous three Plan periods, focused attention was given to horticultural
research and development which placed India as the second largest producer of
fruits and vegetables, largest producer and consumer of cashew nut, tea spices, third
largest producer of coconut, forth largest producer and consumer of rubber and sixth
largest producer of coffee in the world. Today, as a result synergy between focused
research, technological and policy initiatives, high efficiency inputs, horticulture in
India, has become a sustainable and viable venture for the small and marginal
farmers. Besides, the sector has also started attracting entrepreneurs for taking up
horticulture as a commercial venture. Therefore, there is a great scope for the
horticulture industry to grow and flourish.
The growth of any enterprise on a national scale pre-supposes sound and responsive
infrastructure. During the past several years, the country has created infrastructural
facilities to the requirements of horticultural research, education and development in
the country in terms of setting up of Institutes, establishment of separate
Departments of Fruits, Vegetables, Floriculture in several State Agricultural
Universities and carving out State Departments of Horticulture from the erstwhile
Agriculture Departments in many of the States. About 10 per cent of the total budget
of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and 30 per cent of the total budget
of the Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) has been earmarked for the
horticulture sector during the X Plan. There is no doubt that the tempo generated
during the X Plan will not only be maintained but accelerated during the next plan
period to meet the aspirations of the farmers of the country besides providing the
needed nutritional security to the Indian population.
The planning process in the country, through the Five Year Plans, has been
instrumental in creating favourable policy environment, through earmarking
resources for different sectors to ensure the overall development of in the country.
There was a quantum leap during the VIII Plan in financial allocation for horticulture
development programmes, which was sustained during the IX Plan and further
strengthened during the X Plan. The Working Groups constituted by the Planning
Commission during the IX and X Plans provided the necessary directions in setting
priority for programmes in horticulture development in the country.
Now that the X Plan will be over by March 2007, the Planning Commission has
initiated advance action for the formulation of the XI Five Year Plan by constituting a
number of Working Groups to cover various national activities. Keeping in view the
importance of horticulture, plantation crops and organic farming in the country, the
Planning Commission, Government of India, entrusted me the responsibility of
heading the prestigious Working Group on Horticulture, Plantation Crops and
Organic Farming vide Order No. M – 12043/6/2006 – Agri. and dated 7.06.2006, for
the formulation of the XI Five Year Plan (2007-12). The composition of the Working
Group which comprises of 23 members is as follows:

Dr. K.L. Chadha Chairman
10/7281, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi-110070

Dr. R.B. Singh, Member
National Commission on Farmers,
NAS Complex, Todapur, Pusa,
New Delhi- 110012.

Dr. K.V. Peter, Member
Vice Chancellor,
Kerala Agricultural University,
Vellanikara, Trichur – 680656,
Kerala

Dr. H.P. Singh Member
Vice –Chancellor
Rajendra Agricultural University,
Pusa, Distt. Samastipur-848125
Bihar

Shri K. S. Money, Member
Chairman
Agricultural and Processed Food Export
Development Authority (APEDA), NCUI Building,
3, Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg,
New Delhi-110016

Shri S.K. Pattanayak Member
Jt. Secretary (N.H.M.)
Deptt. Of Agriculture &
Cooperation, Krishi Bhavan,
New Delhi-110001

Mr. G.V. Krishna Rao, Member
Chairman
Coffee Board,
No. 1, /Dr. Ambedkar Veedhi,
Bangalore – 560001
Karnataka

Mr. Basudev Banerjee, Member
Chairman, Tea Board,
14, Biplabi Trailokya Maharaj,
Sarani (Brabourne Road),
Calcutta – 700001
West Bengal

ii
Shri J.N. Chamber, Member
Managing Director,
National Horticulture Board,
85, Sector-18, Institutional Area,
Gurgaon-122002
Haryana.

Chairman, NABARD Member
Bandra kurla Complex,
Ploat NO. C-24,
5th Floor, “A” Wing,
Bandra (East), Mumbai.

Shri P.M. Sinha Member
Chairman, Agriculture & Rural
Development Committee, F.I.C.C.I.,
B – 787, Sushant Lok Phase-I,
Gurgaon-122001
Haryana.

Dr. S.P.S. Khanuja, Member
Director,
CIMAP, P.O. CIMAP
Near Kukrail Picnic Spot,
Lucknow – 226015

Director Member
Indian Institution of Horticulture Research,
Hessarghata Lake Post,
Bangalore-560089
Karnataka

Shri T.A. More Member
Director (Research)
Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Dapoli -415712,
District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.

Secretary, Member
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Panchsheel Bhavan, August Kranti Marg,
New Delhi 110016

Adviser (Agriculture), Member
Planning Commission
Yojana Bhavan,
New Delhi-110001

Ms. Rugmini Parmar, Member
Director, Deptt. Of Expenditure,
North Block,
New Delhi-110001
iii
Dr. Tapan Dutta, Member
Adviser (Agril.) to Chief Minister of Assam,
ARIASP Society, Khanapara,
Guwahati- 781022
Assam.

Shri Sopan Kanchan Member
President, Confederation of Indian Horticulture &
Grapes Growers Association of India,
E-15, Nissarg, Market yard,
Gultkedi, Pune – 411037.
Maharashtra.

Shri K. Natarajan, Member
President,
Flowers Growers Federation of India,
Natural synergies Ltd., 20 (Old 156),
Santhome High Road,
Chennai - 600004
Tamil Nadu

Shri E.B. Sethan, Member
President,
United plantations Association of
South India (UPASI) Glen View,
Coonoor – 643 101
Tamil Nadu

Shri D.D. Bharamagoudra, Member
President,
Organic Farming Association of India, G-8,
St. Britto’s Apts., Feira Alta,
Mapusa-403507,
Goa.

Dr. M.L. Choudhary, Member-Convenor
Horticulture Commissioner,
Deptt. Of Agri. & Coopn.,
Ministry of Agriculture,
R.No. 238, Krishi Bhavan
New Delhi-110001

The Terms of References (TOR’s) of the Working Group are;
i. To analyze the performance and evaluate the progress in Horticulture and Plantation
crops in terms of objectives, thrusts, interventions, programs and milestones attained
during X Five Year Plan and to suggest strategies / programmes for the XI Plan.
ii. To examine the significant research achievements in horticulture/plantations in the X
Plan and to scrutinize the status of availability of quality planting material for the
requirement of the National Horticulture Mission.
iii. To evaluate the impact of hi-tech horticultural practices and to review the present
status of technology dissemination mechanism and suggest future strategies.
iv