Horticultural Reviews, Volume 21

291 Pages·1997·11.317 MB·English

HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
Volume 21
Horticultural Reviews: Volume 21 Edited by Jules Janick
© 1997 John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-47118907-7
HorticulturalReviews is sponsoredby:
American Society for Horticultural Science
Editorial Board, Volullle 21
Louise Ferguson
R.E.C. Layne
Ian J. Warrington
HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
Volume 21
edited by
Jules Janick
Purdue University
John Wiley 8' Sons, Inc.
NEW YORK / CHICHESTER / WEINHEIM / BRISBANE / SINGAPORE / TORONTO
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LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber: 79-642829
ISBN0-471-18907-3
ISSN0163-7851
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List ofContributors ix
Dedication xi
1. Integrated Management ofGreenhouse
Vegetable Crops 1
A. P. Papadopoulos, S. Pararajasingham,f. 1. Shipp,
W. R.Jarvis, T. f. Jewett, andN. D. Clarke
I. Introduction 2
II. Greenhouse Climate 4
III. Responses ofCucumber, Pepper, andTomato 7
IV. Integrated Management ofthe Crop 18
V. FutureProspects 28
Literature Cited 30
2. Okra: Botany and Horticulture 41
EftalDiizyaman
I. Introduction 42
II. Botany 43
III. Horticulture 55
IV. Research Needs 62
Literature Cited 63
3. Sweet Sorghum 73
E. 1. Hunter and1. C. Anderson
I. Introduction 73
II. Botany 74
III. Crop Physiology 84
IV. Genetic Improvement 87
v
vi CONTENTS
V. Syrup Production 91
VI. Future Prospects 99
Literature Cited 100
4. Deficit Irrigation in Deciduous Orchards 105
M. H. Behboudian and T. M. Mills
I. Introduction 106
II. The Concept ofDeficitIrrigation 107
III. Physiology ofDeficitIrrigation 113
IV. EstablishmentofIrrigation Schedules for
DeficitIrrigation 122
V. Future Prospects 126
Literature Cited 127
5. Germplasm Resources ofPineapple 133
Ceo Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, FreddyLeal,
andMarie-France Duval
I. Introduction 134
II. Genetic Base and Genetic Diversity 142
III. Problems ofGenetic Significance 154
IV. GermplasmMaintenance and Utilization 164
V. Future Prospects 168
Literature Cited 169
6. SalinityTolerance in Olive 177
R. Cucci andM. Tattini
I. Introduction 178
II. Units Expressing Salinity 179
III. Effects ofSalinity on Olive Performance 180
IV. Physiological Mechanisms 185
V. Cultural Implications 198
VI. Factors Affecting SalinityTolerance 204
VII. Interactions with Other Abiotic Stresses 205
VIII. Conclusions 206
Literature Cited 207
CONTENTS vii
7. Cranberry: Botany and Horticulture 215
Teryl R. RoperandNicholi Vorsa
I. Introduction 216
II. Botany 223
III. Horticulture 229
IV. Environmental Issues 239
V. FutureProspects 242
Literature Cited 243
Subject Index 251
Cumulative Subject Index 253
Cumulative Contributor Index 275
Contributors
I. C. Anderson, Department ofAgronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011
M.H.Behboudian,DepartmentofPlantScience,MasseyUniversity,Palmerston
North, NewZealand
N.D.Clarke,AISolutions,47TomlinCrescent,RichmondHill,Ontario,Canada
L4C 7T1
Geo.Coppensd'Eeckenbrugge,CIRAD-FLHOR/IPGRI,c/oCIAT,AA6713,Cali,
Colombia
Marie-FranceDuval,CIRAD-FLHOR,B.P.153,Fort-de-France,Martinique,FWI
EftalDiizyaman, DepartmentofHorticulture, University ofEge, Izmir, Turkey
35100
R. Gucci, Dipartimento diColtivazioneeDifesadelle SpecieLegnose, Sezione
Coltivazioni Arboree, Universita di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy
56124
E. L. Hunter, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
50011
JulesJanick, 1165HorticultureBuilding,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN
47907
W.R. Jarvis, GreenhouseandProcessingCrops ResearchCenter, Agriculture&
Agri-FoodCanada, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaNOR1GO
T. J. Jewett, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture &
Agri-FoodCanada, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaNOR1GO
Freddy Leal, UCV Facultad de Agronomia, Apartado 4736, Maracay, Aragua,
Venezuela
PaulLyrene, University ofFlorida
T.M.Mills,EnvironmentGroup,HortResearch,PalmerstonNorth,NewZealand
A. P. Papadopolous, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agri-
culture &Agri-FoodCanada, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaNOR1GO
S. Pararajasingham,Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agri
culture & Agri-FoodCanada, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaNOR1GO
TerylR. Roper,DepartmentofHorticulture,UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,
Madison,Wisconsin 53706
J. L. Shipp, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture &
Agri-FoodCanada, Harrow, Ontario, CanadaNOR1GO
M.Tattini,IstitutosUllaPropagazionedelleSpecieLegnose,ConsiglioNazionale
delleRicherche, Scandicci, Firenze,Italy 50018
NicholiVorsa, Blueberry and Cranberry Research Station, Rutgers University,
Chatsworth,NewJersey 08019
ix
WayneB. Sherman
Dedication: Wayne B. Sherman
Thisvolumeis dedicatedtoWayneB. Sherman,aleadingworldauthor
ityonbreedinglow-chillfruitcultivars.Althoughprincipallyknownfor
his workwith peaches and nectarines, Wayne is also abreeder ofblue
berries, citrus, strawberries, plums, pears, apples, blackberries, persim
mons, cherries, apricots, dogwood, andRhododendronspeciesnativeto
thesoutheasternUnitedStates,andhehasreleasedcultivarsofmanyof
these species.
WaynewasborninLena, Mississippi, in1940andgrewup onasmall
farm near the Pearl River in central Mississippi. During his childhood
and youth, he was an avid hunter and fisherman, and his rambles
through the forests and swamps made him a close observer ofnature.
Wayne remains a superb naturalist, with a wide-ranging knowledge of
theplantsandanimals, geology, andweatherofthe southeasternUnited
States. He is an avidbowhunterand, withthe possibleexceptionofhis
wife Etoyle, is probably more successful at fishing than any other per
son in Alachua County.
WaynereceivedhisB.S.degreeinHorticultureandhisM.S.inPomol
ogy, both from Mississippi State University, and he received his Ph.D.
inplantgenetics andbreedingfrom Purdue Universityin 1966. Except
for a sabbatical in eastern Australia, Wayne has spenthis entire career
as a fruit breeder in the Horticultural Sciences Department at the Uni
versity ofFlorida in Gainesville.
Wayne's success as a plant breeder is due to an outstanding combi
nationofpersonaltalentsandworkhabits. Onespecialskillishisalmost
incredible ability to accurately determine the value ofa seedling from
slight evidence. In his first-stage selection nursery, where seedlings
growatdensities 300timesgreaterthanincommercialplantings,Wayne
selectsoreliminatesseedlingsthefirstyeartheyfruit, sometimesonthe
basisofasinglefruit. Thishigh-density"fruitingnursery" system,which
Wayne did much to develop, allows him to screen thousands of
seedlings in a small area at minimal cost. Skeptics might claim that
much ofthe variation Wayne sees among the trees in the high-density
nursery is not genetic and would not persist in an orchard, but the
steady stream of superb cultivars that emerges from his breeding pro-
xi