Horticultural Reviews, Volume 15

482 Pages·1993·21.46 MB·English

HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
Volume 15
Horticultural Reviews: Volume 15 Edited by Jules Janick
© 1993 John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-57338-8
Horticultural Reviews is sponsored by:
American Society for Horticultural Science
Editorial Board, Volume 15
Susan K. Brown
Richard A. Criley
Stephen K. O'Hair
HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
VOLUME 15
edited by
Jules Janick
Purdue University
John Wiley &' Sons, Inc.
NEWYORK / CHICHESTER / BRISBANE / TORONTO / SINGAPORE
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LCcardnumber79-642829
ISBN0-471-57338-8
ISSN0163-7851
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Contents
Contributors ix
Dedication xiii
1. North American Botanic Gardens 1
GaryW. Watson, Vernon Heywood,
andWebster Crowley
1. Introduction 2
II. CurrentStatus 45
III. Future Directions 52
IV. Literature Cited 56
2. Approaches to Reduce Chilling Injury 63
ofFruits and Vegetables
Chien YiWang
I. Introduction 63
II. TemperatureConditioning 64
III. IntermittentWarming 70
IV. Controlled Atmospheres 74
V. Plant GrowthRegulators 77
VI. OtherChemicals 81
VII. Packaging 83
VIII. Waxing and OtherCoatings 84
IX. ConcludingRemarks 85
Literature Cited 86
v
vi CONTENTS
3. Bloom Delay in Deciduous Fruits 97
J. LaMarAnderson and SchuylerD. Seeley
I. Introduction 98
II. Selection ofLate-BloomingCultivars 98
III. Bioregulators ThatDelay Bloom 107
IV. Temperature Control to DelayBlossoming 119
V. Miscellaneous Effects on BloomDelay 128
VI. Conclusions 131
Literature Cited 132
4. Anatomical, Physiological, and Hormonal
Aspects ofAbscission in Citrus 145
R. Goren
I. Introduction 145
II. Anatomy ofAbscission 147
III. In Vitro Abscission 156
IV. Hormonal Control ofCellulase and Polygalacturonase
Activity in the AbscissionProcess 157
V. Chemicals thatPromoteAbscission 167
VI. Auxin and Ethylene-InducedAbscission 168
VII. Concluding Remarks 176
Literature Cited 177
5. Graft Incompatibility 183
Preston K. Andrews and Carlos SerranoMarquez
I. Introduction 183
II. Definitions and Symptoms 194
III. Types 197
IV. Mechanisms 201
V. Prediction 213
VI. Future Research Needs 217
LiteratureCited 218
CONTENTS vii
6. Gravitropism: Changing Ideas 233
Frank B. Salisbury
I. Introduction 233
II. Perception: The Starch-StatolithConcept 236
III. Perception: Electrical Fields, Currents, andPotentials 245
IV. Transduction: Is Auxin the OnlyHormone Involved? 246
V. Transduction: Is Auxin TransportEssential? 254
VI. Transduction: Does Sensitivityto Auxin Change? 257
VII. Response: Two InterestingParadoxes 267
VIII. Some Conclusions 269
Literature Cited 271
7. Environmental, Chemical, and
Genetic Control ofFlowering 279
J.M. Kinet
I. Introduction 280
II. FloralInitiation 282
III. FlowerMorphogenesis 305
IV. FlowerDevelopment 309
V. Conclusions 321
LiteratureCited 322
8. Whole Plant Senescence:
Reproduction and Nutrient Partitioning 335
DianeE. Sklenskyand PeterJ. Davies
I. Introduction 335
II. Historical Background 337
III. Source-SinkRelationships 340
IV. Mineral Nutrients 348
V. PlantHormones 349
VI. ASenescence Factorfrom Fruits? 352
VII. Carbohydrate Partitioning DuringReproductive
DevelopmentinPea 355
VIII. Photoassimilate Partitioningand Senescence
in SpinachPlants 357
IX. Senescence in the Abscence ofFlowers 358
X. Conclusion 360
LiteratureCited 361
viii CONTENTS
9. Potential Benefits and Risks ofHerbicide
Resistant Crops Produced by Biotechnology 367
William E. Dyer, F. DanaHess,Jodie S. Holt,
and StephenO. Duke
1. Introduction 367
II. The Technology 369
III. Environmental and Economic Concerns 383
IV. Summary-Long- and Short-RangeProspects 398
LiteratureCited 000
10.Limiting Factors, High Yields,
and Law ofthe Maximum 409
ArthurWallace and Carn A. Wallace
1. Introduction 410
II. Improving Yield 418
III. Stresses and Yield 422
IV. Law ofthe Maximum 434
V. Conclusions andRamifications 443
LiteratureCited 445
Subject Index 449
Cumulative Subject Index 451
Cumulative Contributor Index 467
Contributors
HerbS.Aldwinckle,CornellUniversity,NewYorkAgriculturalExperi
ment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
J.LaMarAnderson,Plants,Soils,andBiometeorologyDepartment,Utah
State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820
PrestonK. Andrews, DepartmentofHorticultureandLandscapeArchi
tecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414
SusanBrown, Cornell University, NewYorkStateAgriculturalExperi
ment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
WebsterCrowley, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois 60532
PeterJ.Davies,SectionofPlantBiology,PlantScienceBuilding,Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853
StephenO.Duke,UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,Agricultural
Research Service, SouthernWeed ScienceLaboratory, P.O. Box 350,
Stoneville, MI 38776
William E. Dyer, Plant and Soil Science Department, Montana State
University, Bozeman, MT 59717
R.Goren,DepartmentofHorticulture-Kennedy-LeighCentreforHorti
culture Research, Faculty ofAgriculture, The Hebrew University of
Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100 Israel
F.DanaHess,SandozCropProtectionCorporation,PaloAlto,CA94304
VernonHeywood,BotanicGardensConservationInternational,Descanso
House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, SurreyTW9 3BWU.K.
Jodie S. Holt, Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of
California, Riverside, CA 92521
J.M. Kinet, Centre de Physiologie Vegetale Appliquee (IRSIA),
Departement de Botanique B22, Universite de Liege, B400 Liege,
Belgium-Present Address: Departement de Biologie, Place de la
Croixdu Sud, 5, UniversiteCatholique de Louvain, B-1348Louvain
la-Neuve, Belgium
RobertC.Lamb,CornellUniversity,NewYorkStateAgriculturalExperi
ment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
FrankB.Salisbury,Plants,Soils,andBiometeorologyDepartment,Utah
State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
Carlos Serrano Marquez, Biology Department, Universidad Javeriana,
Bogota, Colombia
SchuylerD.Seeley,Plants,Soils,andBiometeorologyDepartment,Utah
State University, Logan, UT 83422-4820
Diane E. Sklensky, Section of Plant Biology, Plant Science Building,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
ArthurWallace,LaboratoryofBiomedicalandEnvironmentalSciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, 900 Veteran Avenue, Los
Angeles,CA90024-1786,andWallaceLaboratories, 365CoralCircle,
EI Segundo, CA 90245
GarnA.Wallace,WallaceLaboratories,365CoralCircle,EISegundo,CA
90245
ChienYiWang,HorticultureCropsQualityLaboratory,ProductQuality
and Development Institute, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS,
BeltsvilleMD 20705-2350
GaryW. Watson, The MortonArboretum, Lisle, IL 60532