Horticultural Reviews, Volume 12

523 Pages·1990·10.918 MB·English

HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
VOLUME 12
Horticultural Reviews is sponsored by:
American Society for Horticultural Science
Editorial Board, Volume 12
Frank G. Dennis, Jr.
Cary A. Mitchell
David Rhodes
HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
Volume 12
edited by
Jules Janick
Purdue University
Published by Timber Press
Portland, Oregon
Copyright 0 1990 by Timber Press, Inc.
All rights reserved
ISBN 0-88192-171-8
ISSN 0163-7851
Timber Press, Inc.
9999 S.W . Wilshire
Portland, Oregon 97225
Printed in the United States of America
LC card number 79-642829
Contents
Contributors ix
Dedication xi
1 Reproductive Biology of Rhododendron 1
E. G. Williams, J. L. Rouse, B. F. PaJser, and R. B. Knox
I. Introduction 2
11. Breeding Systems 9
111. Pollinators 10
IV. Flower Color and Aroma 12
V. Male Reproductive Structures 17
VI. Female Reproductive Structures 22
VII. Nectary 32
VIII. Pollen-Pistil Interactions 34
IX. Postfertilization Development 42
X. Quantification of Reproductive Development 45
XI. Interspecific Incompatibility and Pollination Subsystems 49
XII. Breeding Barriers and Taxonomic Groupings 52
XIII. Production of Horticultural Hybrids and Cultivars 54
Literature Cited 59
2 Postharvest Biology of Fresh Asparagus 69
Werner J. Lipton
I. Introduction 70
11. Anatomy 71
111. Physiology 72
IV. Texture 102
V. Postharvest Growth 135
VI. Visual Deterioration 139
144
VII. Flavor Deterioration
146
VIII. Injury Due to Low O2o r High COz
147
IX. Chilling and Freezing Injury
149
X. Concluding Remarks
Literature Cited 149
3 Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 157
Stephen K. O'Hair
157
I. Introduction
158
11. Cassava
166
111. Edible Aroids (Araceae)
170
IV. Tropical Sweet Potato
177
V. Yams
184
VI. Minor Crops
188
Literature Cited
4 The Cowpea: Production, Utilization, and Research
in the United States 197
Richard L. Fery
I. Introduction 197
198
11. History and Taxonomy
111. Statistics of Production 200
205
IV. Genetics, Botany, and Physiology
v. Culture 207
VI. Cultivar Classes 208
VII. Fungal and Bacterial Diseases 210
VIII. Virus Diseases 211
IX. Insect Pests 211
X. Nematode Pests 212
XI. Cowpea Research Programs in the United States 213
XII. Harvesting and Marketing 217
Literature Cited 218
5 Flowering of Deciduous Perennial Fruit Crops 223
Margaret Sedgley
I. Introduction 223
11. Floral Development 234
111. Anthesis 242
IV. Pollination 246
V. Conclusions 251
Literature Cited 253
8 Apple Trees: Morphology and Anatomy 265
Charlotte Pratt
I. Introduction 265
11, Seedlings 266
111. Roots 269
IV. Stems 272
V. Leaves 283
VI. Vegetative Propagation 288
VII. Size-Controlling Rootstocks 295
VIII. Compact or Spur Mutants 297
IX. Concluding Remarks 298
Literature Cited 298
7 Acquisition and Utilization of Carbon, Mineral
Nutrients, and Water by the Kiwifruit Vine 307
1. G. BuwaJda and G. S. Smith
I. Introduction 307
11. Vine Growth and Development 309
111. Carbon Economy 318
IV. Mineral Nutrition 325
V. Water Relations 332
VI. Shoot-Root Interactions-A Whole Vine Model 339
Literature Cited 342
8 Citrus Flowering 349
T. L. Davenport
I. Introduction 349
11. Shoot Development 355
111. Phenology of Flowering 365
IV. Regulation of Shoot Growth and Flowering 372
V. Flowering Hypotheses 388
VI. Conclusion 394
Literature Cited 395
9 The California Fig Industry 409
Louise Ferguson, Themis J. Michailides, and Harry H. Shorey
I. Introduction 410
11. History 411
111. Botany 419
IV. Horticulture 429
V. Pests, Diseases, and Disorders 442
VI. Prospects of the California Fig Industry 479
Literature Cited 480
Subject Index 49 1
Cumulative Subject Index 493
Cumulative Contributor Index 507
Contributors
J. G. Buwalda. Ruakura Agricultural Centre, MAFTech, Private
Bag, Hamilton, New Zealand
T. L. Davenport. University of Florida, IFAS, Tropical Research and
Education Center, 18905 SW 280 St., Homestead. FL 33031
Louise Ferguson. University of California, Davis, Department of
Pomology/Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648
Richard L. Fery. U. S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2875 Savannah Highway,
Charleston, SC 29414
R. B. Knox. School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parksville,
Victoria 3052, Australia
Werner J. Lipton. 4550 E. Redlands, Fresno, CA 93726
Themis J. Michailides. University of California, Berkeley, Depart-
ment of Plant Pathology/Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA
93648
Stephen K. O’Hair. University of Florida, IFAS, Tropical Research
and Education Center, Homestead, FL 33031
B. F. Palser. Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University,
Piscataway, NJ 08855
Charlotte Pratt. Department of Horticultural Sciences, New York
State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
J.L . Rouse. School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville,
Victoria 3052, Australia
Margaret Sedgley. Department of Plant Physiology, Waite Agricul-
tural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, S.
Australia 5064, Australia
Harry H. Shorey. University of California, Berkeley, Department of
Entomology/Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648
G. S. Smith. Ruakura Agricultural Centre, MAFTech, Private Bag,
Hamilton, New Zealand
E. G. Williams. Department of Botany, University of Georgia,
Athens, GA 30602
ix
Wesley P. Hackett
X