Horticultural Reviews, Volume 10

453 Pages·1988·10.75 MB·English

HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
VOLUME 10
Horticultural Reviews is sponsored by the
American Society for Horticultural Science
Editorial Board, Volume 10
D. C. Elfving
W. P. Hackett
J. S. Kelly
HORTICULTURAL REVIEWS
VOLUME
10
edited by
Jules Janick
Purdue University
Published by Timber Press
Portland, Oregon
Copyright 0 by Timber Press
1988
All rights reserved
ISBN
0-88192-117-3
ISSN
0163-7851
Timber Press
S.W. Wilshire
9999
Portland, Oregon
97225
Printed in the United States of America
LC card number
79-642829
Contents
Contributors viii
Dedication xi
Ornamental Aroids: Culture and Breeding
1 1
R. J. Henny
I. Introduction 1
11. Culture 4
111. Breeding 18
IV. Concluding Remarks 25
Literature Cited 25
2 Storage of Cut Flowers 35
Danuta M. Goszcyriska and Ryszard M. Rudnicki
I. Introduction 35
11. Advantages of Cut Flowers Storage 36
111. Factors Affecting the Storage Life of Flowers 38
IV. Storage Methods 51
V. Concluding Remarks 55
Literature Cited 56
3 Triazole Plant Growth Regulators 63
Tim D. Davis, George L. Steffans, and Narendra Sankhla
I. Introduction 63
11. Chemistry 65
111. Transport and Metabolism Within the Plant 67
IV. Growth Responses to Triazoles 70
V. Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Triazoles 80
VI. Potential Uses in Horticulture 89
VII. Summary 96
Literature Cited 96
V
vi CONTENTS
4 Calcium and Fruit Softening: Physiology
and Biochemistry
107
B. W. Poovaiah, G. M. Glenn, and A. S. N. Reddy
I. Introduction 107
11. Calcium and the Cell Wall 109
111. Calcium and Cell Membranes 126
IV. Calcium and Intracellular Processes 131
V. Recent Developments 140
VI. Conclusion 143
Literature Cited 143
5 Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Species 153
S. R. Wann
I. Introduction 153
11. Patterns of Somatic Embryogenesis 155
111. Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis 157
IV. Androgenesis and Protoplast Culture of Woody Species 171
V. Conclusions 173
Literature Cited 177
6 Nutrition of Blueberrry and other Calcifuges 183
Ronald F. Korcak
I. Introduction 183
11. Genetic Diversity in vaccinium 185
111. Nutrition 188
IV. Roots 202
V. Calcifuges and Calcicoles 209
VI. Organic Matter 210
VII. Mycorrhiza 211
VIII. Concluding Remarks 212
Literature Cited 214
7 Avocado Fruit Development and
Ripening Physiology 229
John P. Bower and Jonathan G. Cutting
I. Introduction 229
11. Avocado Fruit Development 230
111. Avocado Fruit Ripening 238
IV. Conclusions 259
Literature Cited 261
8 Apple Flower and Fruit: Morphology and Anatomy 273
Charlott Pratt
I. Introduction 273
11. Fruit Bud 274
111. Inflorescence 276
IV. Flower 277
CONTENTS vii
V. Seed and Fruit 283
VI. Concluding Remarks 297
VII. Glossary
298
Literature Cited
302
9 Plant Bioregulators in Apple and Pear Culture 309
Stephen S. Miller
I. Introduction 310
11. Fruit Tree Nursery Application 324
111. Canopy Development and Growth Control 330
IV. Flowering and Fruiting 344
V. Bioregulators That Affect Fruit Ripening and Quality
361
VI. Other Uses 374
VII. Future Prospects 3 79
Literature Cited
380
Carbohydrate Reserves in Deciduous Fruit Trees
10 403
Cristina M. Oliveira and C. Austen Priestley
I. Introduction 403
11. Nature and Localization of Carbohydrate Reserves
405
111. D-Glucitol, the Main Compound of Soluble Carbohydrates 407
IV. Carbohydrate Partitioning
410
V. Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Reserves 414
VI. Carbohydrate Economy and Technical Implications 416
VII. Perspectives 423
Literature Cited 425
Subject Index
431
Cumulative Subject Index
433
Cumulative Contributor Index
445
Contributors
JOHN P. BOWER. Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute,
P/Bag X11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
JONATHAN G. CUTTING. Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research
Institute, P/Bag X11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
TIM D. DAVIS. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Brigham
Young University, Provo, UT 84602
G.M. GLENN. Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and
Physiology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architec-
ture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414
DANUTA M. GOSZCZYIbKA. Research Institute of Pomology and
Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland
R. J. H E M . U niversity of Florida, IFAS, Central Florida Research
and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703
RONALD F. KORCAK. Fruit Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
STEPHEN S. MILLER. United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Appalachalian Fruit Research
Station, Kearneysville, WV 25430
CRISTINA M. OLIVEIRA. Department de Horticultura, Instituto
Superior de Agronomia, Tapada de Ajuda, 1399 Lisboa Codex,
Portugal
B. W. POOVAIAH. Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and
Physiology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architec-
ture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414
CHARLOTTE PRATT. Department of Horticultural Sciences, New
York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY 14456
C. AUSTEN PRIESTLEY. Formerly of East Malling Research
Station, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, England
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
ix
A. S. N. REDDY. Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and
Physiology, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architec-
ture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
99164-6414
RYSZARD M. RUDNICKI. Research Institute of Pomology and Flori-
culture, Skierniewice, Poland
NARENDRA SANKHLA. Department of Botany, University of
Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
342001
GEORGE STEFFENS. Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural
L.
Research Center, ARYUSDA, Beltsville, MD
20705
R. WA". Union Camp Corporation, Princeton, NJ
S. 08543
Sylvan H. Wittwer