Hormones and Cancer

617 Pages·1995·11.194 MB·English

by  Candace M. Howard, Antonio Giordano (auth.), Wayne V. Vedeckis (eds.)

Hormones in Health and Disease
Series Editor
V.K. Moudgil
Hormones and Cancer
Wayne V. Vedeckis
Editor
Birkhiiuser
Boston. Basel. Berlin
Wayne V. Vedeckis
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Louisiana State University Medical Center and
Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center
1901 Perdido Street
New Orleans, LA 70112-1393
USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data
Hormones and cancer 1 Wayne V. Vedeckis, editor.
p. cm. --(Hormones in health and disease)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8176-3797-4 (alk. paper). - ISBN 3-7643-3797-4 (alk. paper)
I. Cancer-Endocrine aspects. 2. Cancer-Honnone therapy.
I. Vedeckis, Wayne V., 1947- . II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Neoplasms, Honnone-Dependent-physiopathology.
2. Neoplasms, Honnone-Dependent-therapy. 3. Honnones-physiology.
4. Honnones-therapeutic use. 5. Breast Neoplasms. 6. Prostatic Neoplasms.
7. Leukemia. QZ 200 HS121 1996]
RC26S.2.H672 1996
616.99'4071-{fc20
DNLMlDLC
for Library of Congress 96-4653
CIP
Ii
Printed on acid-free paper Birkhiiuser ®
© 1996 Birkhauser Boston
Copyright is not claimed for works of U.S. Government employees.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.
The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication even if the fonner are
not Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. While the advice and
infonnation in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither
the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or
omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect
to the material contained herein.
Permission to photocopy for internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by Birkhauser
Boston for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC),
provided that the base fee of $6.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A. Special requests should be addressed directly to
Birkhauser Boston, 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.
ISBN 0-SI76-3797-4
ISBN 3-7643-3797-4
Cover design by David Gardner, Dorchester, MA.
Typeset in Great Britain by Alden, Oxford, Didcot and Northampton.
987654321
ISBN-13:978-1-4612-871S-S e-ISBN-13:978-1-4612-4266-6
001: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4266-6
To my lovely wife, Mary, and my precious children, Michele, Lisa, and
Kathy-for their patience, support, and love during this project, and always
Contents
Foreword
v.K. Moudgil, Series Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl
Preface
Wayne V. Vedeckis, Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. X111
Contributors ................................................. XVll
PART I: UNDERLYING MECHANISMS AND PRINCIPLES
1. Neoplastic Transformation: Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors,
Cyclins, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Candace M. Howard and Antonio Giordano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. TGF-,8 Inhibition of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation:
G 1 Cyclins, Cyclin Dependent Kinases, and Cyclin Kinase
Inhibitors
E. Aubrey Thompson, Tien C. Ko, and R. Daniel Beauchamp 43
3. RET Proto-Oncogene and Its Role in Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia and Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Paul Goodfellow and Jeffrey F. Moley ............... , . .. 73
4. The Nuclear Hormone Receptor Superfamily: Structure and
Function
Xiaohua Leng, Sophia Y. Tsai, and Ming-Jer Tsai. . . . . . . .. 91
5. Retinoids: Concepts for Separation of Desirable and
Undesirable Effects in the Treatment or Prevention of Cancer
Magnus Pfahl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127
viii Contents
PART II: BREAST CANCER
6. Clinical Aspects of Breast Cancer
William J. Gradishar and Monica Morrow .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149
7. The Genetics of Breast Cancer
Steven M. Hill, Diane M. Klotz, and Claudia S. Cohn ...... 197
8. Growth Factors and Modulation of Endocrine Response in
Breast Cancer
Robert l. Nicholson and Julia M. W. Gee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225
9. Role of Altered Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer
Sami G. Diab, Carl G. Castles, and Suzanne A. W. Fuqua ... 261
10. Progestins, Progesterone Receptors, and Breast Cancer
Kathryn B. Horwitz, Lin Tung, and Glenn S. Takimoto 283
11. Molecular, Cellular, and Systemic Mechanisms of Antiestrogen
Action
William H. Catherino and V. Craig Jordan. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307
12. Aromatase Inhibitors and Breast Cancer
Angela M.H. Brodie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 357
PART III: PROSTATE CANCER
13. Current Concepts in the Treatment of Cancer of the Prostate
Joseph A. Smith, Jr ................................... 379
14. Tumor Suppressor Genes and Oncogenes in Human Prostate
Cancer
Jill A. Macoska ..................................... 395
15. Prostatic Growth Factors, Cancer, and Steroid Hormone
Activity
Donna M. Peehl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 415
16. Androgen Receptors in Human Prostate Cancer: Heterogeneous
Expression, Gene Mutations, and Polymorphic Variants
Janette M. Hakimi, Rachel H. Rondinelli,
Mark P. Schoenberg, and Evelyn R. Barrack ... .......... 445
Contents IX
PART IV: HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES
17. Basic and Clinical Studies of Glucocorticosteroid Receptors in
Lymphoid Malignancies
Clark W. Distelhorst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 495
18. Glucocorticoid Actions on Normal and Neoplastic
Lymphocytes: Activation of Apoptosis
Jennifer W. Montague and John A. Cidlowski ............ 517
19. Clinical Aspects of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia and
Response to Retinoid Therapy
Martin S. Tallman ................................... 539
20. Molecular Biology of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Francesco Grignani and Pier Giuseppe Pelicci. . . . . . . . . . . .. 577
Keyword Index ............................................ 607
Foreword
The series, Hormones in Health and Disease, was launched in 1993 to provide
a scientific platform for investigators engaged in research on the biological
actions of hormones and to anticipate relevance for their findings in clinical
applications. The first volume of the series was dedicated to the discussion
and understanding of molecular mechanisms by which steroid hormones
influence target cells in normal and pathological conditions. With the
diversity of information and the vast amount of literature on steroid
hormone physiology, a more thorough treatment of Hormones and Cancer
was identified as a timely topic.
In this second volume in the series, Dr. Wayne V. Vedeckis has success
fully undertaken the monumental task of editing the findings of the leading
investigators in hormone and cancer research. Dr. Vedeckis brings to this
project two decades of research experience in hormone action; he is actively
engaged in elucidating hormone and cancer interrelations. It is a pleasure to
welcome him to the series as an editor and congratulate him and all contribu
tors in presenting this comprehensive treatise.
The 20 chapters include discussions on contemporary topics relating
control of cell division and signal transduction to the basic mechanisms of
carcinogenesis by cloning patient genes, and recognizing the importance of
steroid receptors in treatment protocols of various endocrine abnormalities.
The organization and presentation of different chapters, Dr. Vedeckis'
experience and expertise, and the quality of contributions make Hormones
and Cancer a most welcome addition to the series. It is hoped that readers
will find this volume to be a valuable guide and a useful resource for funda
mental processes as well as the current thinking of active researchers who
contributed to this endeavor.
For their continued support and recognition of the importance of this
undertaking, Birkhauser Boston has my gratitude and appreciation. Future
volumes are planned to address emerging needs and evolving biomedical
issues that deal with Hormones in Health and Disease.
V.K. Moudgil
Series Editor
Preface
Beginning early in the next century, cancer will overtake cardiovascular dis
ease as the number one cause of death from disease in America. With the
increase in the overall life span and age of citizens in developed countries,
the prevalence of cancer and its impact will continue to grow. Doubtless to
say, all readers of this volume have had, or will have, their lives touched
either directly or indirectly by the collection of diseases we call cancer.
So much for the bad news. The good news is that we are making unpre
cedented progress in understanding the biochemistry, molecular biology, and
cell biology of the cancer. The identification of oncogenes, tumor suppressor
genes, signal transduction pathways controlling the cell cycle, and the com
ponents of the cell cycle machinery itself has resulted in a much clearer,
albeit complex, vision of normal and abnormal cell division. This informa
tion has allowed for the improved diagnosis of cancer, as well as elucidated
specific potential targets for directed therapy.
One bright light in our battle against certain types of cancers is the use
of hormonal manipulations for intervention. While not a panacea, this
approach has extended the arsenal available for a rational approach to
cancer therapy. Most notable is the acceptance of anti-estrogen therapy,
primarily the use of tamoxifen, in the treatment of hormone-responsive
breast tumors. The incorporation of aromatase inhibitors for treating meta
static breast disease has also been notable. On the other hand, anti-androgen
treatment of prostate cancer has so far been very disappointing; however, on
a more positive note, recent results that include an analysis of androgen
receptor mutations and the recognition of important stromal-epithelial
interactions raises hope that hormonal intervention will find more success
in the treatment of prostate cancer. Similarly, the use of corticosteroids in
the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia continues to be of significant
patient benefit, and the recent clinical complete remissions obtained in acute
promyelocytic leukemia patients treated with all-trans retinoic acid have been
truly impressive.
,It is with these facts in mind that I accepted Dr. Virinder Moudgil's
gracious invitation to edit a volume for his series, Hormones in Health and
Disease. My primary consideration in choosing the subjects for Hormones