Hormone Use and Abuse by Athletes

191 Pages·2011·3.53 MB·English

by  Enrico Gabellieri

Hormone Use and Abuse by Athletes
Endocrine Updates
Series editor: Shlomo Melmed
For other titles published in this series, go to
www.springer.com/series/5917
Ezio Ghigo • Fabio Lanfranco
• Christian J. Strasburger
Editors
Hormone Use and Abuse
by Athletes
Editors
Ezio Ghigo Christian J. Strasburger
University of Torino Charité-Universitätsmedizin
Division of Endocrinology Division of Clinical Endocrinology
and Diabetology Metabolism Department of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Campus Mitte
Torino, Italy Berlin, Germany
[email protected] [email protected]
Fabio Lanfranco
University of Torino
Division of Endocrinology
and Diabetology Metabolism
Department of Internal Medicine
Torino, Italy
[email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-7013-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7014-5
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7014-5
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
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Preface
Physical activity exerts an important influence on the endocrine system, modulating
synthesis and secretion of several hormones. Almost every organ and system in the
body is affected by physical activity and exercise, mainly through the endocrine and
neuroendocrine system. Mode, intensity, and duration of the exercise bout, age,
gender, and fitness level of the individual as well as environmental and psychologi-
cal factors may affect the endocrine response to physical activity.
On the other hand, several hormones are able to influence physical performance
and body composition. Thus, a biunivocal interrelationship between exercise and
hormones exists.
In this book, new developments on metabolic and endocrine response to exercise
are revised and the “hot topic” of hormonal doping in sports is introduced. In the
past decades, hormone abuse has become a widespread habit among professional
and – most of all and more frequently – recreational athletes. A substantial part of
this volume is devoted to the effects of exogenous hormones on performance.
Anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin properties, use and misuse
in sports are widely described. Specific methods to detect hormone abuse are pre-
sented and discussed.
The contributors to this volume are well-known experts and dedicated research-
ers in the fields of sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, phar-
macology, and doping detection.
The purpose of this volume is to provide all professionals involved in sports
medicine and endocrinology a state-of-the-art overview of the complex interactions
between physical activity and the endocrine system and to focus on hormone abuse
in sports at competitive and recreational level highlighting its negative conse-
quences for long-term health.
v

Contents
1 GH/IGF-I Axis in Exercise ..................................................................... 1
Enrico Gabellieri, Ignacio Bernabeu, Eva Fernandez,
Monica Marazuela, Luca Chiovato, and Felipe F. Casanueva
2 Exercise, Training, and the Hypothalamo–
Pituitary–Adrenal Axis ........................................................................... 9
Martin Duclos and Antoine Tabarin
3 Thyroid Axis, Prolactin, and Exercise ................................................... 17
Anthony C. Hackney
4 Exercise, Training, and the Hypothalamic–
Pituitary–Gonadal Axis in Men ............................................................. 25
Michael Zitzmann
5 Exercise and the Reproductive System in Women ............................... 31
Anne B. Loucks
6 Physical Exercise, Sports, and Diabetes ................................................ 37
Pierpaolo de Feo
7 Motor Performance and Muscle Mass
as a Function of Hormonal Responses to Exercise............................... 43
Marco A. Minetto, Andrea Benso, Ezio Ghigo, and Fabio Lanfranco
8 Sports, Hormones, and Doping in Children and Adolescents ............ 51
Alan D. Rogol
9 Androgen Abuse ...................................................................................... 63
Karen Choong, Ravi Jasuja, Shehzad Basaria, Thomas W. Storer,
and Shalender Bhasin
vii
viii Contents
10 Growth Hormone .................................................................................... 89
Arthur Weltman
11 Erythropoietin ......................................................................................... 99
Wolfgang Jelkmann
12 Amino Acids and Nonhormonal Compounds
for Doping in Athletes ............................................................................. 111
Zvi Zadik
13 The Assay of Endogenous and Exogenous
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ............................................................... 121
Maria Kristina Parr, Ulrich Flenker, and Wilhelm Schänzer
14 Problems with Growth Hormone Doping
in Sports: Isoform Methods ................................................................... 131
Martin Bidlingmaier, Zida Wu, and Christian J. Strasburger
15 Detection of Growth Hormone Doping in Sport
Using Growth Hormone-Responsive Markers ..................................... 139
Anne E. Nelson and Ken K.Y. Ho
16 Distinction Between Endogenous and Exogenous
Erythropoietin: Marker Methods .......................................................... 151
Jordi Segura and Mario Zorzoli
17 Direct Methods for Distinction Between
Endogenous and Exogenous Erythropoietin ........................................ 163
Séverine Lamon, Neil Robinson, and Martial Saugy
Index ................................................................................................................. 177
Contributors
Shehzad Basaria
Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function
Promoting Therapies, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, USA
Andrea Benso
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism,
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Ignacio Bernabeu
Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo
Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y
Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Shalender Bhasin
Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function
Promoting Therapies, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
Martin Bidlingmaier
Endocrine Laboratory, Medizinische Klinik – Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-
University, Munich, Germany
Felipe Casanueva
Professor of Medicine, Head of the Service of Endocrinology, Clinical Hospital
of Santiago, Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, CIBER
de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nuricion, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
Luca Chiovato
Chair of Endocrinology Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Istituto di Ricovero e
Cura a Carattere Scientifico, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Karen Choong
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
ix