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Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer PDF

289 Pages·2009·3.077 MB·English
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Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer Cancer Treatment and Research Steven T. Rosen, M.D., Series Editor Burt,R.K.,Brush,M.M.(eds):AdvancesinAllogeneicHematopoieticStemCellTransplantation.1999. ISBN0-7923-7714-1. Angelos,P.(ed.):EthicalIssuesinCancerPatientCare2000.ISBN0-7923-7726-5. Gradishar,W.J.,Wood,W.C.(eds):AdvancesinBreastCancerManagement.2000.ISBN0-7923-7890-3. Sparano,J.A.(ed.):HIV&HTLV-IAssociatedMalignancies.2001.ISBN0-7923-7220-4. Ettinger,D.S.(ed.):ThoracicOncology. 2001.ISBN0-7923-7248-4. Bergan,R.C.(ed.):CancerChemoprevention.2001.ISBN0-7923-7259-X. Raza,A.,Mundle,S.D.(eds):MyelodysplasticSyndromes&SecondaryAcuteMyelogenousLeukemia2001. ISBN:0-7923-7396. Talamonti,M.S.(ed.):LiverDirectedTherapyforPrimaryandMetastaticLiverTumors.2001. ISBN0-7923-7523-8. Stack,M.S.,Fishman,D.A.(eds):OvarianCancer.2001.ISBN0-7923-7530-0. Bashey,A.,Ball,E.D.(eds):Non-MyeloablativeAllogeneicTransplantation.2002.ISBN0-7923-7646-3. Leong,S.P.L.(ed.):AtlasofSelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforMelanoma,BreastCancerand ColonCancer.2002.ISBN1-4020-7013-6. Andersson,B.,MurrayD.(eds):ClinicallyRelevantResistanceinCancerChemotherapy.2002. ISBN1-4020-7200-7. Beam,C.(ed.):BiostatisticalApplicationsinCancerResearch.2002.ISBN1-4020-7226-0. Brockstein,B.,Masters,G.(eds):HeadandNeckCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7336-4. Frank,D.A.(ed.):SignalTransductioninCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7340-2. Figlin,R.A.(ed.):KidneyCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7457-3. Kirsch,M.;Black,P.McL.(ed.):AngiogenesisinBrainTumors.2003.ISBN1-4020-7704-1. Keller,E.T.,Chung,L.W.K.(eds):TheBiologyofSkeletalMetastases.2004.ISBN1-4020-7749-1. Kumar,R.(ed.):MolecularTargetingandSignalTransduction.2004.ISBN1-4020-7822-6. Verweij,J.,Pinedo,H.M.(eds):TargetingTreatmentofSoftTissueSarcomas.2004.ISBN1-4020-7808-0. Finn,W.G.,Peterson,L.C.(eds.):HematopathologyinOncology.2004.ISBN1-4020-7919-2. Farid,N.(ed.):MolecularBasisofThyroidCancer.2004.ISBN1-4020-8106-5. Khleif,S.(ed.):TumorImmunologyandCancerVaccines.2004.ISBN1-4020-8119-7. Balducci,L.,Extermann,M.(eds):BiologicalBasisofGeriatricOncology.2004.ISBN Abrey,L.E.,Chamberlain,M.C.,Engelhard,H.H.(eds):LeptomeningealMetastases.2005.ISBN0-387-24198-1 Platanias,L.C.(ed.):CytokinesandCancer.2005.ISBN0-387-24360-7. Leong,S.P.L.,Kitagawa,Y.,Kitajima,M.(eds):SelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforHumanSolid Cancer.2005.ISBN0-387-23603-1. Small,Jr.W.,Woloschak,G.(eds):RadiationToxicity:APracticalGuide.2005.ISBN1-4020-8053-0. Haefner,B.,Dalgleish,A.(eds):TheLinkBetweenInflammationandCancer.2006.ISBN0-387-26282-2. Leonard,J.P.,Coleman,M.(eds):Hodgkin’sandNon-Hodgkin’sLymphoma.2006.ISBN0-387-29345. Leong,S.P.L.(ed):CancerClinicalTrials:ProactiveStrategies.2006.ISBN0-387-33224-3. Meyers,C.(ed):Aids-AssociatedViralOncogenesis.2007.ISBN978-0-387-46804-4. Ceelen,W.P.(ed):PeritonealCarcinomatosis:AMultidisciplinaryApproach.2007.ISBN978-0-387-48991-9. Leong,S.P.L.(ed):CancerMetastasisandtheLymphovascularSystem:Basisforrationaltherapy.2007. ISBN978-0-387-69218-0. Raizer,J.,Abrey,L.E.(eds):BrainMetastases.2007.ISBN978-0-387-69221-0. Woodruff,T.,Snyder,K.A.(eds):Oncofertility.2007.ISBN978-0-387-72292-4. Angelos,P.(ed):EthicalIssuesinCancerPatientCare,SecondEdition.2008.ISBN978-0-387-73638-9. Ansell,S.(ed):RareHematologicalMalignancies.2008.ISBN978-0-387-73743-0. Gradishar,W.J.,Wood,W.C.(eds):AdvancesinBreastCareManagement,SecondEdition.2008. 978-0-387-73160-5. Blake,M.,Kalra,M.(eds):ImaginginOncology.2008.ISBN978-0-387-75586-1. Bishop,M.R.(ed):HematopoieticStemCellTransplantation.2008.ISBN978-0-387-78579-0. Stockfleth,E.,Ulrich,C.(eds):SkinCancerafterOrganTransplantation.2008.ISBN978-0-387-78573-8. Fuqua,S.A.W.(ed):HormoneReceptorsinBreastCancer,2009.ISBN:978-0-387-09462-5. Suzanne A.W. Fuqua Editor Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer 1 3 Editor SuzanneA.W.Fuqua BaylorCollegeofMedicine Houston,TX USA [email protected] ISBN:978-0-387-09462-5 e-ISBN:978-0-387-09463-2 DOI10.1007/978-0-387-09463-2 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008927341 #SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2009 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permissionofthepublisher(SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork, NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Usein connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computer software,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,evenifthey arenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyare subjecttoproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper springer.com Preface Since radiolabeled estrogens were first observed in the early 1960s to be preferentially concentrated in estrogen target organs — observations that gaverisetotheconceptofan‘‘estrogenreceptor(ER),’’ithasbecomeclear thatmanyhumanbreastcancersaredependentonestrogenfortheirgrowth. Estrogens’mitogeniceffectsaremediatedthroughERsaand(cid:2),whichisthe therapeutic target for hormonal therapies. The purpose of the book is to provide an up-to-date resource on the role of hormone receptors in breast cancer. Since approximately 1 of 8 women in the United States and 1 of 12 womeninEuropeancountriesareaffectedbybreastcancer,therehasbeena massive effort to understand the mechanisms of hormone action. This explosion of information has led to exciting new areas of gene-specific targeting of the disease and breast cancer prevention. Paradigm shifts in treatment options and sequencing of hormonal therapies have recently occurredinbreastcancermanagement,necessitatingclosecooperationand communicationbetweentranslationalscientistsandphysicians.Thisbookis focusedonprovidingthiscommunication. The 11 chapters of this book examine many aspects of hormone receptors, including basic and translational information on the molecular biology of the ERs, the utility of the ERs for the clinical management of breast cancer as it relates to assessing clinical outcome and selecting appropriate therapy, a review on the biology of ER and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the importance of non-nuclearER expressioninbreastcancerandotherendocrinetargettissues,theimportanceof ERs a and (cid:2) inaggressive breast tumors of African-American women, cross- talk between BRCA1 and ER, and a detailed discussion of the role of ER in metastasisofbreastcancer.Wehaveincludedthelatestclinicalinformationon sequencing of hormonal therapies in breast cancer, the use of biomarkers in presurgical neoadjuvant trials, the problem of clinical hormone resistance, strategies to utilize hormonal prevention in high-risk patients, and the elucidation of hormone-responsive phenotypes as defined by state-of-the-art molecularexpressionprofiling. v vi Preface Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepthankstoalltheauthorsfortheirvaluable contributiontothechaptersandthesuccessfulcompletionofthisbook,aswell asMs.LauraWalshandMaureenTobinatSpringerUS. Houston,TX SuzanneA.W.Fuqua Contents HormoneActionandClinicalSignificanceoftheEstrogenReceptora... 1 MatthewH.Herynk,JenniferSelever,JanagiThirugnanasampanthan, YukunCui,andSuzanneA.W.Fuqua RoleofER(cid:2)inClinicalBreastCancer ........................... 17 ValerieSpeirsandAbeerM.Shaaban HormoneActionandBreastCancer ............................. 37 EllisR.Levin EstrogenReceptorsinBreastTumorsofAfricanAmericanPatients..... 47 IndiraPoola BRCA1Cross-TalkwithHormoneReceptors...................... 53 EliotM.Rosen,YongxianMa,andSaijunFan MetastasisofHormoneReceptorPositiveBreastCancer ............. 73 MonicaM.RichertandDannyR.Welch EndocrineTherapywithSelectiveEstrogenReceptorModulators (SERMs)andAromataseInhibitorsinthePreventionandAdjuvant TherapySettings ............................................ 95 ShellyS.Lo,KathleenI.Pritchard,PatriciaRobinson, andKathyS.Albain BiomarkersinNeoadjuvantTrials............................... 125 ReginaM.Fearmonti,KhandanKeyomarsi,andKellyK.Hunt HormoneResistance ......................................... 161 StephenR.D.Johnston StrategiesofHormonalPrevention .............................. 195 YuxinLiandPowelH.Brown vii viii Contents EstrogenReceptorPhenotypesDefinedbyGeneExpressionProfiling ... 231 MarleenKok,SabineLinn,andMarcvandeVijver Index..................................................... 249 Contributors KathyS.Albain LoyolaUniversityChicagoStritchSchoolofMedicine, DepartmentofMedicine,DivisionofHematology/Oncology,Cardinal BernardinCancerCenter,Maywood,IL,USA PowelH.Brown LesterandSueSmithBreastCenter,BaylorCollegeof Medicine,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected] YukunCui BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston,TX,USA ReginaM.Fearmonti DepartmentofSurgicalOncology,TheUniversityof TexasM.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected] SuzanneA.W.Fuqua BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston, TX,USA,[email protected] MatthewH.Herynk BreastCenter,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,Houston, TX,USA KellyK.Hunt DepartmentofSurgicalOncology,TheUniversityofTexas M.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TX,USA,[email protected] StephenR.D.Johnston DepartmentofMedicine,RoyalMarsdenNHS FoundationTrust,Chelsea,London,UK,[email protected] KhandanKeyomarsi DepartmentofExperimentalRadiationOncology,The UniversityofTexasM.D.AndersonCancerCenter,Houston,TE,USA MarleenKok TheNetherlandsCancerInstitute,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands SabineLinn TheNetherlandsCancerInstitute,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands, [email protected] EllisR.Levin DivisionofEndocrinologyandMetabolism,Universityof California,IrvineandtheLongBeachVAMedicalCenter,LongBeach,CA, USA,[email protected] ix

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