Homo ritualis : Hindu ritual and its significance to ritual theory PDF
Preview Homo ritualis : Hindu ritual and its significance to ritual theory
Homo Ritualis OXFORD RITUAL STUDIES Series Editors LOOKING FOR MARY Ronald Grimes, Ritual Studies MAGDALENE International Alternative Pilgrimage and Ritual Ute Hüsken, University of Oslo Creativity at Catholic Shrines in France Barry Stephenson, Memorial Anna Fedele University THE DYSFUNCTION OF RITUAL THE PROBLEM OF RITUAL IN EARLY CONFUCIANISM EFFICACY Michael David Kaulana Ing Edited by William S. Sax, Johannes A DIFFERENT MEDICINE Quack, and Jan Weinhold Postcolonial Healing in the Native PERFORMING THE American Church REFORMATION Joseph D. Calabrese Public Ritual in the City of Luther NARRATIVES OF SORROW Barry Stephenson AND DIGNITY RITUAL, MEDIA, AND CONFLICT Japanese Women, Pregnancy Loss, Edited by Ronald L. Grimes, and Modern Rituals of Grieving Ute Hüsken, Udo Simon, and Eric Bardwell L. Smith Venbrux MAKING THINGS BETTER KNOWING BODY, MOVING A Workbook on Ritual, Cultural MIND Values, and Environmental Behavior Ritualizing and Learning at Two A. David Napier Buddhist Centers AYAHUASCA SHAMANISM IN Patricia Q. Campbell THE AMAZON AND BEYOND SUBVERSIVE SPIRITUALITIES Edited by Beatriz Caiuby Labate and How Rituals Enact the World Clancy Cavnar Frédérique Apffel-Marglin HOMA VARIATIONS NEGOTIATING RITES The Study of Ritual Change across the Edited by Ute Hüsken and Frank Longue Durée Neubert Edited by Richard K. Payne and Mi- chael Witzel THE DANCING DEAD Ritual and Religion among the HOMO RITUALIS Kapsiki/Higi of North Cameroon and Hindu Ritual and Its Significance for Northeastern Nigeria Ritual Theory Walter E.A. van Beek Axel Michaels Homo Ritualis Hindu Ritual and Its Significance for Ritual Theory z AXEL MICHAELS 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America © Oxford University Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file at the Library of Congress 9780190262631 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper For Annette, Christiane, Elias, Katharina, and Lena Contents Tables and Figures x Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii Pronunciation of Indian and Nepalese Words xix Introduction 1 PART I: Framing 1. The Beginning of Rituals 43 1.1 The Solemn Intention (saṃkalpa) 43 1.2 Greeting and Ritualized Greeting (namaskāra) 58 Conclusion 69 PART II: Formality 2. Repetitive Rules (vidhi) 73 2.1 The Grammar of Rituals 74 2.2 A Preliminary “Grammar” of Newar Life-Cycle Rituals 94 2.3 Rituals in Handbooks (paddhati) 112 viii Contents 3. Agency in Ritual 118 3.1 Ritual Competency (adhikāra) 118 3.2 Atonements for Ritual Mishaps (prāyaścitta) 127 3.3 The Comic Side of Ritual Formality 136 4. Playful Rituals (līlā) 146 4.1 Music and Ritual Music 147 4.2 Dance and Ritual Dance 151 4.3 Emotions and Ritual Emotions 159 Conclusion 170 PART III: Modality 5. Individualized and Domestic Rituals (saṃskāra) 179 5.1 The Boy’s Initiation 185 5.2 The Girl’s Initiation 191 5.3 The Marriage 193 5.4 Death Rituals and Redemption 198 6. Collective and Public Rituals 211 6.1 Temple Festivals (utsava) 214 6.2 Vows (vrata) 219 6.3 Pilgrimages and Processions (yātrā) 221 7. Transcendence in Rituals 228 7.1 The Vedic Sacrifice (yajña) 231 7.2 The Fire Sacrifice (homa) 237 7.3 Worship and Prayer (pūjā) 247 7.4 E-darshan and Cyber-puja 258 Conclusion 261 PART IV: Meaning 8. Meaning and Function 269 8.1 The Cultural Studies Approach 269 8.2 The Cognitive Sciences approach 279 Contents ix 9. The Pūrvamīmāṃsā Theory of Ritual Efficacy 293 Conclusion 308 PART V: The Hindu Path of Ritual—Summary Appendix: Automatic Detection of Ritual Structures 319 Glossary 325 References 329 Index 361
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