Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric This page intentionally left blank Homeric Speech and the Origins of Rhetoric rachel ahern knudsen Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore © 2014 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2014 Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218- 4363 www .press .jhu .edu Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Knudsen, Rachel Ahern. Homeric speech and the origins of rhetoric / Rachel Ahern Knudsen. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN- 13: 978- 1- 4214- 1226- 9 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN- 13: 978- 1- 4214- 1227- 6 (electronic) ISBN- 10: 1- 4214- 1226- 8 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN- 10: 1- 4214- 1227- 6 (electronic) 1. Homer. Iliad. 2. Rhetoric, Ancient. 3. Aristotle — Criticism and interpretation. I. Title. PA4037.K575 2014 883'.01 — dc23 2013020204 A cata log record for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410- 516- 6936 or [email protected]. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever possible. For Margaret Ahern My fi rst and best teacher This page intentionally left blank Contents Ac know ledg ments ix Introduction 1 part i rhetoric in homer 1 Reconsidering the Origins of Rhetoric 17 2 Investigating Homeric Rhetoric 38 3 Patterns of Aristotelian Rhetoric in the Iliad 77 part ii the genealogy of rhetoric from homer to aristotle 4 Explaining the Correspondence between Homeric Speech and Aristotelian Theory 91 5 Rhetoric in Archaic Poetry 104 6 From Poetry to Theory 135 Appendix. Analysis of Remaining Iliadic Rhetorical Speeches 157 Notes 193 Bibliography 213 Index 225 This page intentionally left blank Ac know ledg ments This book would not have come into being without the infl uence and assistance of numerous individuals. First among them are the teachers whose guidance set me on the path to this endeavor: Margaret Ahern, who provided a home/school bursting at the seams with books; Fritz Hinrichs, who introduced me to the Great Books, including Homer; and Bruce McMenomy, who taught me the delights of grammar, rhetoric, and literary criticism. Special thanks must go to Richard Martin: no one could ask for a better teacher or dissertation advisor. His advice from the very earliest stages of this project to the very last has been invaluable. I am also grateful to Andrea Nightingale and Anastasia- Erasmia Peponi, whose comments on early versions of this manuscript refi ned its focus and improved its argument. Several friends and colleagues have contributed advice at various stages along the way to publication. At Stanford, Eirene Visvardi, Lela Urquhart, Jason Aftos- mis, and Vincent Tomasso engaged with these ideas when they were still in gestational form, asking astute questions that I had not thought to ask. My col- leagues at the University of Oklahoma have supported me admirably through the latter stages of the publication proc ess. In par tic u lar, I have benefi tted from the comments and suggestions of Ellen Greene, who read parts of the manu- script; I would also like to thank Sam Huskey and Kyle Harper for providing ad- vice, encouragement, and fruitful discussion of the ideas contained in this book. I am grateful to the University of Oklahoma for the generous award of Ju nior Faculty Summer Research Fellowships in 2010 and 2011, which allowed me to complete much of the writing and revision. The critiques provided by an anonymous reader at Johns Hopkins University Press were thoughtful and incisive, and have very much improved the fi nished product. I must also thank Matthew McAdam, the Classics and Humanities editor at JHU Press, for expertly shepherding this work to its completion. Any remaining faults are entirely my own.