Homelands: A Geography of Culture and Place across America

346 Pages·2002·1.19 MB·English

by  Richard L. Nostrand

homelands
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creating the north american landscape
Gregory Conniff, Edward K. Muller, David Schuyler . Consulting Editors
George F. Thompson . Series Founder and Director
Published in cooperation with the Center for American Places
Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Harrisonburg, Virginia
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H O M E L A N D S
A Geography of Culture and Place across America
Edited by Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville
The Johns Hopkins University Press . Baltimore and London
2001The Johns Hopkins University Press
All rights reserved. Published 2001
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The Johns Hopkins University Press
2715North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363
www.press.jhu.edu
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Homelands : a geography of culture and place across America /
edited by Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville.
p. cm. —(Creating the North American landscape)
“Published in cooperation with the Center for American Places,
Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Harrisonburg, Virginia.”
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
isbn0-8018-6700-2(hardcover : alk. paper)
1. United States—Geography. 2. United States—Civilization.
3. Human geography—United States. 4. United States—De-
scription and travel. 5. Regionalism—United States—History.
6. Place (Philosophy). 7. Pluralism (Social sciences)—United
States—History. 8. Ethnicity—United States—History.
9. Immigrants—United States—History. 10. Minorities—
United States—History. I. Nostrand, Richard L. (Richard Lee),
1939– II. Estaville, Lawrence E. (Lawrence Ernest)
III. Center for American Places. IV. Title. V. Series.
e161.3 .h66 2001
304.2(cid:1)0973—dc21
00-012362
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
c o n t e n t s
List of Maps, Figures, and Tables vii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction: Free Land, Dry Land, Homeland xiii
Richard L. Nostrand and Lawrence E. Estaville
one The New England Yankee Homeland 1
Martyn J. Bowden
two The Pennsylvanian Homeland 24
Richard Pillsbury
three Old Order Amish Homelands 44
Ary J. Lamme III
four Blacks in the Plantation South: Unique Homelands 53
Charles S. Aiken
five The Creole Coast: Homeland to Substrate 73
Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov
six Nouvelle Acadie: The Cajun Homeland 83
Lawrence E. Estaville
seven La Tierra Tejana: A South Texas Homeland 101
Daniel D. Arreola
v
vi ... contents
eight The Anglo-Texan Homeland 125
Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov
nine The Kiowa Homeland in Oklahoma 139
Steven M. Schnell
ten The Highland-Hispano Homeland 155
Richard L. Nostrand
eleven The Navajo Homeland 168
Stephen C. Jett
twelve Mormondom’s Deseret Homeland 184
Lowell C. “Ben” Bennion
thirteen California’s Emerging Russian Homeland 210
Susan W. Hardwick
fourteen Montana’s Emerging Montane Homeland 225
John B. Wright
fifteen American Homelands: A Dissenting View 238
Michael P. Conzen
References 273
Contributors 307
Index 311
l i s t o f m a p s ,
f i g u r e s , a n d t a b l e s
Maps
I.1.Homelands in the United States, 2000 xvi
1.1.English source areas for emigrants to New England, seventeenth
century 3
1.2.New England beachheads, seventeenth century 7
1.3.The Yankee homeland, 1776 9
1.4.Subcultures on the Yankee periphery, 1776 16
2.1.The Pennsylvanian homeland, 2000 26
3.1.Old Order Amish homelands, 2000 47
4.1.Major plantation regions, 2000 55
4.2.Black household ownership, 1990 66
4.3.Mahoney area, Tallahatchie Farms, Mississippi, 1987 68
5.1.The Creole Coast, 2000 74
6.1.Louisiana, 2000 86
6.2.Renderings of the Cajun homeland, 1765–1800 87
6.3.English speakers, Louisiana, 1900 96
6.4.Renderings of the Cajun homeland, 1971–79 99
7.1.The South Texas Tejano homeland, 2000 102
7.2.Borderland counties with more than half Mexican population,
1990 104
7.3.Hispanic elected county officials, 1990 114
7.4.San Antonio’s Mexican commercial quarter, 1995 119
vii
viii ... maps, figures, and tables
8.1.Hagiogeographical toponyms of the Anglo-Texan homeland,
1952 128
8.2.The Anglo-Texan homeland, nineteenth century 129
8.3.The Anglo-Texan homeland, twentieth century 134
9.1.The one-time Kiowa–Comanche–Plains Apache Reservation,
1900 141
10.1.The Highland-Hispano homeland, 1680–1980 156
11.1.Navajo Country, 2000 170
12.1.Mormondom’s Deseret homeland, 1990 188
12.2.The two Jordan Rivers 194
12.3.The reduction of Deseret to Utah, 1849–68 196
12.4.The Mormon culture region, 1990 202
13.1.California’s emerging Russian homeland, 1998 212
14.1.Montana’s emerging montane homeland, 2000 228
15.1.Selected ethnocultural homelands, United States 260
15.2.Selected ethnocultural substrates in the United States 267
15.3.Selected ethnocultural islands and archipelagos, United States 269
Figures
1.1.New England “large,” Sutton, Massachusetts, 1998 11
2.1.Pennsylvania’s rolling piedmont, Lancaster County, 1984 32
2.2.Log buildings and outbuildings, Juniata County, Pennsylvania,
1977 33
2.3.Pennsylvania farmstead, Franklin County, 1971 34
2.4.Central chimney “continental” house, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania,
1977 35
2.5.Deep house, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1988 36
2.6.I-house, Berks County, Pennsylvania, 1974 37
3.1.Typical Old Order Amish farmstead in northern New York, 1996 48
maps, figures, and tables ... ix
4.1.Shotgun house, Tunica County, Mississippi, 1961 65
4.2.A Farm Security Administration house, Tallahatchie Farms,
Mississippi, 1987 69
4.3.A street in the Goose Pond subdivision, Tallahatchie County,
Mississippi, 1986 70
4.4.Dickerson CME Church, Fayette County, Tennessee, 1982 71
4.5.A black rural nonfarm home, Tallahatchie County, Mississippi,
1987 72
5.1.“Datil” pepper from the area of St. Augustine, Florida 79
5.2.“Tidewater raised cottage” in South Carolina, 1980 81
6.1.Cajun house, Acadiana Village, Lafayette Parish, Louisiana,
1998 88
6.2.Modern-day rice dryer, southwest Louisiana, 1974 94
6.3.Petrochemical refinery, Lake Charles, Louisiana, 1974 98
7.1.Plaza del Pueblo in San Ygnacio, Texas, 1991 103
7.2.Adrian Martínez and Jesús Treviño houses, San Ygnacio, Texas,
1993 123
8.1.Statue of Texas hero Sam Houston, near Huntsville, Texas 130
8.2.Pioneer Hall of Fame, Mangum, Oklahoma, in Greer County, “Texas,”
1990 136
8.3.Sign announcing the “Free State” of McMullen County, Texas,
1987 137
9.1.The way to Rainy Mountain, Oklahoma, 1999 140
9.2.A Kiowa woman constructs a summer arbor, Anadarko, Oklahoma,
1899 143
10.1.Adobe houses in El Cerrito, New Mexico, 1980 159
10.2.Long lots in the Pecos Valley near Villanueva, New Mexico, 1985 161
10.3.Log barn in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico, 1979 163
10.4.The Hispano sense of place, Mexican Period, based on David J.
Weber, 1985 166
11.1.Ship Rock, New Mexico, with Navajos in foreground 169