Home-brewed alcohol as a public health problem in Greater Tzaneen Municipality, Mopani District ...

342 Pages·2015·1.54 MB·English

by  Makhubele, Jabulani

Home-brewed alcohol as a public health problem in Greater Tzaneen
Municipality, Mopani District of Limpopo Province: A social work
perspective

By

Manganyi M.R

RESEARCH THESIS
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
SOCIAL WORK
in the
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
(School of Social Sciences)
at the
UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO
SUPERVISOR: Dr JC Makhubele
CO-SUPERVISOR: Prof SL Sithole
DECLARATION

I Masenyani Reckson Manganyi hereby declare that this document is my own
work and that all the sources I have used and quoted have been acknowledged by
means of complete references.

_________________________________ _________________
Masenyani Reckson Manganyi Date

i
DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to the heroes and heroines in my life:
• Pastor Joylene and Apostle Strike Manganyi for giving me and my family
hope, unwavering support and continuous encouragement.

• My two late sisters and a brother – Hlamalani Hilda Manganyi, Kholani
Sylvia Manganyi and Moshe Manganyi, who passed on much earlier than
anticipated for having touched, influenced and enrich my life in a special
way.

• My brother Promise Manganyi, for caring and always being there for our
father when my studies consumed me.

• My father and mother – Gezani George Manganyi and Sophy Mamaila
Manganyi for the love and the life they blessed me with, I will forever love
and cherish you.

• My wife – Virginia Lessah Manganyi for love, and much love, for being
there and for believing in me and in us.

• My two sons – Matimu and Mkateko Manganyi for in you two, I am well
pleased.

Because of your continuous encouragement and support, what appeared only as
a dream came to life and lived, this research project is dedicated to you all with
much love.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Balancing good family life and full-time career particularly in the academic
setting is very demanding, and when this is combined with post graduate
studies, the experience can at times be overwhelming. I will forever be
grateful to colleagues, friends and family who have provided me with much
support and encouragement when I needed it the most. To my promoters, Dr
Jabulani Calvin Makhubele and Professor S.L. Sithole who provided me with
excellent academic guidance, advice and support, for your availability and
willing to go a step further in providing much needed assistance whenever I
required it, thank you. Dr Thembinkosi Mabila, from the School of Education
for editing my work, thank you. Colleagues who supported and encouraged
me though it looked more like I was in charge and taking control over
everything, Mrs Tebogo Mahlatjie, Mrs Tiny Mona, Mr Peter Dimo, Mrs Linda
Shirindi, Ms Sbongile Gqoboka, Mrs Motshidisi Kwakwa and Ms Phuti
Manyelo, you continued to be my pillars of strength. To all my students, all is
possible to those who believe; hold on to your dreams and dream more while
awake. To my research respondents who made this research succeed, thank
you very much for your participation.
Finally, I would like to say thank you to my Heavenly Father, Who was, is and
is to come and the entire Manna Tabernacle of Witness family for support,
guidance and wisdom for the accomplishment of this project.

iii
Table of Contents

DECLARATION i
DEDICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES xviii
LIST OF TABLES xix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xx
ABSTRACT xxii
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL ORIENTATION TO THE STUDY 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS 3
1.2.1 Home-brewed alcohol 3
1.2.2 Surrogate alcohol 3
1.2.3 Unorthodox brewing methods 3
1.2.4 Hazardous use 4
1.2.5 Indigenous alcohol / Traditional alcohol 4
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1.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM 4
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7
1.5 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY 8
1.6 THE AIM AND THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 9
1.6.1 Aim of the study 9
1.6.2 The objectives of the study 9
1.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 10
1.7.1 Informed consent and voluntary participation 10
1.7.2 Confidentiality, privacy and anonymity 11
1.7.3 Publication of the findings 12
1.7.4 Deception of subjects, avoidance of harm and risks 12

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 13
1.9 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 14
v
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS 17
2.1 WHAT IS A THEORY, MODEL AND
CONCEPTUAL RAMEWORK 17
2.2 THE ECOSYSTEM THEORY 22
2.3 STRENGTHS PERSPECTIVE AS A PREFERRED
SOCIAL WORK APPROACH IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE 27
2.4 EXPECTANCIES AND DRINKING MODEL 31
2.4.1 Gender and expectancies 32
CHAPTER 3
THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF ALCOHOL WITH AFRICANS 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION 35
3.2 INVOLVEMENT OF ALCOHOL DURING ENSLAVEMENT 39
3.3 HOME BREWED ALCOHOL AND CULTURAL
CEREMONIES 41
3.4 NATIONS WHICH PIONEERED HOME-BREWED
ALCOHOL IN AFRICA 44
3.4.1 Northern region of Africa 44
3.4.2 Southern region of Africa 45
3.4.3 Western region of Africa 46
vi
3.4.4 Eastern region of Africa 47
3.5 PROFILE OF BREWERS OF HOME BREWED ALCOHOL 47
CHAPTER 4
AFRICANS’ VIEWS ON DRUNKENNESS AND LIFESTYLES 49
4.1 INTRODUCTION 49
4.2 BASOTHO AND DRUNKNESS 52
4.3 ALCOHOL AND THE INCIDENCE OF HIV 55
4.3.1 Alcohol and the Progression of HIV/AIDS 58
4.3.2 Burden attributable to alcohol use in South Africa with
Specific reference to HIV/AIDS 60
4.3.3 The burden attributable to alcohol use in South Africa 60
4.3.4 The burden attributable to alcohol use in South Africa 61
4.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE 61
4.4.1 Broad interventions and those targeting high risk drinkers
in the general population 61
4.5 HIV/AIDS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION 64
4.6 DIETARY PREFENCES AND ALCOHOL USAGE 68
4.7 ALCOHOL USE AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 69

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CHAPTER 5
RISKS AND CONTROL MEASURES IN HOME BREWED ALCOHOL 70

5.1 INTRODUCTION 70
5.2 RISK FACTORS FOR HARMFUL ALCOHOL USE 71
5.3 ALCOHOL CONTROL MEASURES IN AFRICA 76
5.4 HOME BREWED ALCOHOL ABUSE AND POVERTY 80

CHAPTER 6
SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE 82
6.1 INTRODUCTION 82
6.2 HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK IN SUBSTANCE USE,
MISUSE AND ABUSE 83
6.3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ADDICTIONS 85
6.3.1 Substance Use Disorders 86
6.3.2 Compulsive Eating 88
6.3.3 Compulsive Sexual Behaviour 89
6.3.4 Excessive Internet Use and Other Excessive Behaviour 89
6.4 CAUSES ADDICTIONS AND COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOUR 90
6.5 EVIDENCE-BASED ADDICTIONS PRACTICE 93
6.5.1 Prevention 93
6.5.2 Brief Interventions 93
viii
6.6 SOCIAL WORKERS’ INTERVENTION IN THE FIELD OF
PUBLIC HEALTH 94
6.7 IMPACT OF SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION IN
SUBSTANCE ABUSE 96
6.8 PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 97
6.8.1 Alcohol treatment and prevention 97
6.8.2 Broader policy/systemic issues 98
6.8.3 Prevention Substance Abuse in the Workplace 101
6.9 TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 103
6.9.1 Social Work Assessment 105
6.9.2 Treatment for Women 112
6.10 SOLUTIONS FROM A SOCIAL WORK PERSPECTIVE 113
6.11 SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE 114
6.12 GOALS OF BRIEF INTERVENTION 116
6.12.1 Abstainer 117
6.12.2 Light or Moderate User 117
6.12.3 At-Risk User 118
6.12.4 Abuser 118
6.12.5 Substance-Dependent User 119
6.12.6 ASAM Criteria 120
6.13 COMPONENTS OF BRIEF INTERVENTIONS 120
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