H O L LY W O O D S H U T D O W N PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND EXHIBITION IN THE TIME OF COVID KATE FORTMUELLER Hollywood SHutdown THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Hollywood SHutdown Production, Distribution, and Exhibition in the Time of COVID Kate Fortmueller univerSity of texaS PreSS Austin Copyright © 2021 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2021 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713- 7819 utpress.utexas.edu/rp- form ♾ The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of anSI/nISo Z39.48- 1992 (r1997) (Permanence of Paper). Library of Congress Control Number: 2021938613 doi:10.7560/324608 ContentS List of Abbreviations vii IntroduCtIon. Hollywood Responds to a Pandemic 1 CHapter one. Production 8 CHapter two. Distribution 38 CHapter tHree. Exhibition 68 ConCluSIon. Where Do We Go from Here? 94 Acknowledgments 99 Notes 101 Index 114 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK abbrevIatIonS AMPTP Association of Motion Picture and Television Producers GTC Georgia Theater Company IATSE International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees NATO National Association of Theater Owners PPE Personal protective equipment PVOD Premium video on demand SAG- AFTRA Screen Actors Guild- American Federation of Television and Radio Artists SPE Sony Pictures Entertainment SXSW South by Southwest VOD Video on demand WGA Writers Guild of America THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Hollywood SHutdown