ffWID HALBERSTIAN^ K^S" "^£5 ^^0 ^'^ HO Books by David Halberstam The Noblest Roman The Making ofa Quagmire One Very Hot Day The Unfinished Odyssey ofRobert Kennedy Ho The Powers That Be The Breaks ofthe Game The Amateurs The Reckoning The Best and the Brightest HO by David Halberstam ALFRED KNOPF /" NEW YORK A. ^ THISISABORZOIBOOK PUBLISHEDBYALFREDA.KNOPF,INC. Copyright ©1971,1987byDavid Halberstam All rights reservedunderInternational and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Nopartof thisbook maybe reproducedin anyform orby anymeans, electronicormechanical, including photocopying, withoutpermission in writingfrom thepublisher. Allinquiries shouldbeaddressedto AlfredA. Knopf, Inc., 201East50th Street, New York, N.Y.10022. Publishedin the United Statesby AlfredA. Knopf, Inc., NewYork, andsimultaneously in Canadaby Random HouseofCanadaLimited, Toronto. DistributedbyRandom House, Inc., NewYork. ISBN: 0-394-46275-0 (hardcover) ISBN: 0-394-36282-9 (paperbound) LibraryofCongress CatalogCard Number: 77-140708 Manufacturedin the United StatesofAmerica 98765432 IN MEMORY OF Mcrt PeiTy, GOOD REPORTER, GOOD FRIEND, AND FOR HIS WIFE, Datleiie, AND HIS DAUGHTER, Mia CONTENTS Chapter 1 The Colonial Legacy ofthe French 3 Chapter 2 Peasant, Dishwasher, Socialist, Communist 1890-1917 12 Chapter 3 From Beliefto Profession: Ho's Path to Communism 1917-1940 36 Chapter 4 Creating a Nationalist Movement 1941-1945 62 Chapter 5 Path to Dienbienphu: The Tiger Defeats the Elephant 1945-1954 79 Chapter 6 The Americans Arrive: The Second Indochina War 1955-1969 105 Bibliography 9 I i Digitized by tiie Internet Arciiive in 2011 littp://www.arcliive.org/details/liolialbdaOOIialb