HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eurasia: Volume 1

231 Pages·2006·0.762 MB·English

by  Judyth L. Twigg (eds.)

HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eurasia
Volume 1
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HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eurasia
Volume 1
Edited by
Judyth L.Twigg
Foreword by
Strobe Talbott
HIV/AIDSINRUSSIAANDEURASIA,VOLUMEI
© Judyth L.Twigg,2006.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7057-2
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2006 by
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and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-53219-3 ISBN 978-0-230-60339-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230603394
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Library of Congress.
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First edition:December 2006
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
Foreword xi
Strobe Talbott
Introduction 1
Judyth L. Twigg
1. The Early Days of the HIV/AIDS
Epidemic in the Former Soviet Union 7
Murray Feshbach
2. Russian Politics and HIV/AIDS: The
Institutional and Leadership
Sources of an Inadequate Policy 33
Celeste A. Wallander
3. NGOs and HIV in Russia: Lessons
from a Unique Case Study 57
Julie Stachowiak and Alena Peryshkina
4. The Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS in
Russia: Current Trends and Perspectives 77
Shombi Sharp
5. Has the Window of Opportunity Closed? The
Contributions of Bilateral Donors Supporting
HIV/AIDS Activities in Russia and Eurasia 103
Vinay P. Saldanha
6. International Donor Support to the
Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region:
Opportunities and Challenges 133
Bertil Lindblad
vi Contents
7. HIV and Drug Use in Eurasia 141
Robert Heimer, Robert E. Booth, Kevin Irwin,
and Michael Merson
8. Rights and Lessons Scorned: Human Rights
and HIV/AIDS in Russia and Eurasia 165
Joanne Csete
9. AIDS and Security in Russia 181
Harley Balzer
Notes on Contributors 207
Index 215
List of Tables
1.1 HIV Cases by Main Risk Factor, Annual Incidence,
USSR, 1987–1990 29
4.1 Understanding Economic and Social Impact Level,
Time, and Degree 82
4.2 Existing Models of the Economic Impact of
HIV/AIDS in Russia 85
4.3 External Sources’ Prognoses of HIV Prevalence in
Russia, 2005–2050 85
4.4 Optimistic and Mid-Range Projections of
Three Models 86
4.5 Resulting Demographic Profiles from Three
Optimistic and Mid-Range Scenarios 87
9.1 Estimate of Share of 18-Year-Olds Entering
Higher Education 183
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List of Figures
1.1 Contact Tracing Chart, First Known Case of
HIV in the Soviet Union 10
1.2 HIV Incidence and Prevalence, USSR, 1987–1990 27
1.3 HIV Cases by Main Risk Factor, USSR, 1987–1990 28
4.1 Russian Population Projections in the Absence
of HIV/AIDS 79
4.2 Age Density of HIV Infection in Russia at the
End of 2002 83
4.3 World Bank “Optimistic” Scenario, Cumulative
HIV Cases 88
4.4 ILO All Scenarios, Cumulative HIV Cases 88
4.5 Impact of AIDS on GDP Levels—Three Models 90
4.6 ILO Estimates of Medical Expenditures, All Scenarios 92
4.7 Social Policy Implications: ILO “Risk Group Saturation”
Scenario 93
4.8 Russia Dependency Ratios by Age Structure 94
4.9 Impact on Life Expectancy, Medium Scenario 97
4.10 Effect of Declining Life Expectancy on HDI in Russia 97
4.11 Cost-Benefit Analysis of HIV/AIDS Prevention
Programs in the Russian Federation 99
5.1 Amount of USAID Funding for HIV/AIDS for
Countries in Former Soviet Union, 2000–2003 109