HIV / AIDS. A Very Short Introduction. PDF
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HIV/AIDS: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes – a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: AFRICAN HISTORY THE HISTORY OF John Parker and Richard Rathbone ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin AMERICAN POLITICAL ATHEISM Julian Baggini PARTIES AND ELECTIONS AUGUSTINE Henry Chadwick L. Sandy Maisel BARTHES Jonathan Culler THE AMERICAN BESTSELLERS John Sutherland PRESIDENCY Charles O. Jones THE BIBLE John Riches ANARCHISM Colin Ward THE BRAIN Michael O’Shea ANCIENT EGYPT Ian Shaw BRITISH POLITICS ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY Anthony Wright Julia Annas BUDDHA Michael Carrithers ANCIENT WARFARE BUDDHISM Damien Keown Harry Sidebottom BUDDHIST ETHICS ANGLICANISM Mark Chapman Damien Keown THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE CAPITALISM James Fulcher John Blair THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia CHAOS Leonard Smith ANTISEMITISM Steven Beller CHOICE THEORY ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn Michael Allingham ARCHITECTURE CHRISTIAN ART Andrew Ballantyne Beth Williamson ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes CHRISTIANITY Linda Woodhead ART HISTORY Dana Arnold CLASSICS Mary Beard and ART THEORY Cynthia Freeland John Henderson CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY THE ELEMENTS Philip Ball Helen Morales EMOTION Dylan Evans CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard EMPIRE Stephen Howe THE COLD WAR ENGELS Terrell Carver Robert McMahon ETHICS Simon Blackburn CONSCIOUSNESS THE EUROPEAN UNION Susan Blackmore John Pinder and Simon Usherwood CONTEMPORARY ART EVOLUTION Julian Stallabrass Brian and Deborah Charlesworth CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY EXISTENTIALISM Thomas Flynn Simon Critchley FASCISM Kevin Passmore COSMOLOGY Peter Coles FEMINISM Margaret Walters THE CRUSADES THE FIRST WORLD WAR Christopher Tyerman Michael Howard CRYPTOGRAPHY FOSSILS Keith Thomson Fred Piper and Sean Murphy FOUCAULT Gary Gutting DADA AND SURREALISM THE FRENCH REVOLUTION David Hopkins William Doyle DARWIN Jonathan Howard FREE WILL Thomas Pink THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS FREUD Anthony Storr Timothy Lim FUNDAMENTALISM DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick Malise Ruthven DESCARTES Tom Sorell GALILEO Stillman Drake DESIGN John Heskett GAME THEORY DINOSAURS David Norman Ken Binmore DOCUMENTARY FILM GANDHI Bhikhu Parekh Patricia Aufderheide GEOPOLITICS Klaus Dodds DREAMING J. Allan Hobson GLOBAL CATASTROPHES DRUGS Leslie Iversen Bill McGuire THE EARTH Martin Redfern GLOBALIZATION ECONOMICS Manfred Steger Partha Dasgupta GLOBAL WARMING EGYPTIAN MYTH Mark Maslin Geraldine Pinch THE GREAT DEPRESSION EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY AND THE NEW DEAL BRITAIN Paul Langford Eric Rauchway HABERMAS MACHIAVELLI Quentin Skinner James Gordon Finlayson THE MARQUIS DE SADE HEGEL Peter Singer John Phillips HEIDEGGER Michael Inwood MARX Peter Singer HIEROGLYPHS Penelope Wilson MATHEMATICS HINDUISM Kim Knott Timothy Gowers HISTORY John H. Arnold MEDICAL ETHICS Tony Hope HIV/AIDS Alan Whiteside MEDIEVAL BRITAIN HOBBES Richard Tuck John Gillingham and HUMAN EVOLUTION Ralph A. Griffiths Bernard Wood MODERN ART David Cottington HUMAN RIGHTS MODERN IRELAND Andrew Clapham Senia Pašeta HUME A. J. Ayer MOLECULES Philip Ball IDEOLOGY Michael Freeden MUSIC Nicholas Cook INDIAN PHILOSOPHY MYTH Robert A. Segal Sue Hamilton NATIONALISM Steven Grosby INTELLIGENCE Ian J. Deary THE NEW TESTAMENT AS INTERNATIONAL LITERATURE Kyle Keefer MIGRATION Khalid Koser NEWTON Robert Iliffe INTERNATIONAL NIETZSCHE Michael Tanner RELATIONS Paul Wilkinson NINETEENTH-CENTURY ISLAM Malise Ruthven BRITAIN JOURNALISM Ian Hargreaves Christopher Harvie JUDAISM Norman Solomon and H. C. G. Matthew JUNG Anthony Stevens NORTHERN IRELAND KABBALAH Joseph Dan Marc Mulholland KAFKA Ritchie Robertson PARTICLE PHYSICS Frank Close KANT Roger Scruton PAUL E. P. Sanders KIERKEGAARD Patrick Gardiner PHILOSOPHY Edward Craig THE KORAN Michael Cook PHILOSOPHY OF LAW LINGUISTICS Peter Matthews Raymond Wacks LITERARY THEORY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Jonathan Culler Samir Okasha LOCKE John Dunn PHOTOGRAPHY Steve Edwards LOGIC Graham Priest PLATO Julia Annas POLITICS Kenneth Minogue SCHIZOPHRENIA POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Chris Frith and Eve Johnstone David Miller SCHOPENHAUER POSTCOLONIALISM Christopher Janaway Robert Young SHAKESPEARE Germaine Greer POSTMODERNISM SIKHISM Eleanor Nesbitt Christopher Butler SOCIAL AND CULTURAL POSTSTRUCTURALISM ANTHROPOLOGY Catherine Belsey John Monaghan and Peter Just PREHISTORY Chris Gosden SOCIALISM Michael Newman PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY SOCIOLOGY Steve Bruce Catherine Osborne SOCRATES C. C. W. Taylor PSYCHOLOGY THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR Gillian Butler and Freda McManus Helen Graham PSYCHIATRY Tom Burns SPINOZA Roger Scruton QUANTUM THEORY STUART BRITAIN John Morrill John Polkinghorne TERRORISM RACISM Ali Rattansi Charles Townshend THE RENAISSANCE THEOLOGY David F. Ford Jerry Brotton THE HISTORY OF TIME RENAISSANCE ART Leofranc Holford-Strevens Geraldine A. Johnson TRAGEDY Adrian Poole ROMAN BRITAIN Peter Salway THE TUDORS John Guy THE ROMAN EMPIRE TWENTIETH-CENTURY Christopher Kelly BRITAIN Kenneth O. Morgan ROUSSEAU Robert Wokler THE VIKINGS Julian Richards RUSSELL A. C. Grayling WITTGENSTEIN A. C. Grayling RUSSIAN LITERATURE WORLD MUSIC Philip Bohlman Catriona Kelly THE WORLD TRADE THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ORGANIZATION S. A. Smith Amrita Narlikar Available soon: 1066 George Garnett MODERN CHINA Rana Mitter EXPRESSIONISM NELSON MANDELA Katerina Reed-Tsocha Elleke Boehmer GALAXIES John Gribbin NUCLEAR WEAPONS GEOGRAPHY John Matthews and Joseph M. Siracusa David Herbert QUAKERISM Pink Dandelion GERMAN LITERATURE SCIENCE AND RELIGION Nicholas Boyle Thomas Dixon HISTORY OF MEDICINE SEXUALITY Véronique Mottier William Bynum THE MEANING OF LIFE MEMORY Jonathan Foster Terry Eagleton For more information visit our website www.oup.co.uk/general/vsi/ Alan Whiteside HIV/AIDS A Very Short Introduction 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Alan Whiteside 2008 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published as a Very Short Introduction 2008 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available ISBN 978–0–19–280692–5 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain by Ashford Colour Press Ltd, Gosport, Hampshire Contents Preface xi Abbreviations xv List of illustrations xvii List of tables xix 1 The emergence and state of the HIV/AIDS epidemic 1 2 How HIV/AIDS works and scientifi c responses 22 3 The factors that shape different epidemics 39 4 Illness, deaths, and populations 55 5 The impact of AIDS on production and people 67 6 AIDS and politics 85 7 Responding to HIV/AIDS 103 8 The next 25 years 123 References and further reading 133 Index 142
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