Hitler's Crusade: Bolshevism and the Myth of the International Jewish Conspiracy PDF
Preview Hitler's Crusade: Bolshevism and the Myth of the International Jewish Conspiracy
HITLER’S CRUSADE To my husband and best friend Geoff Waddington HITLER’S CRUSADE Bolshevism and the Myth of the International Jewish Conspiracy LORNA WADDINGTON Tauris Academic Studies LONDON • NEW YORK Published in 2007 by Tauris Academic Studies, an imprint of I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and in Canada distributed by St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Copyright © 2007 Lorna Waddington The right of Lorna Waddington to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978 1 84511 556 2 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Number: available Typeset in Berkeley Oldstyle by Oxford Publishing Services, Oxford Printed and bound by Thomson Press India Limited From camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations vii Acknowledgements ix Introduction 1 1. Hitler, the Jewish Question and the Origins and Development of the ‘World Conspiracy’ Theory 12 2. Ideology, Realpolitik and Anti-Bolshevism in Hitler’s Foreign Policy ‘Programme’, 1920–33 31 3. The Reorientation of German Ostpolitik: Russia, Poland and the Eastern Pact, 1933–35 48 4. An Anglo–German Vanguard against Bolshevism? Hitler’s Quest for British Cooperation against Russia, 1933–35 64 5. Anti-Bolshevism and the Mobilization of Allies, 1933–36 79 6. The Mobilization of Propaganda, 1934–36 98 7. The Failure of Hitler’s Anti-Bolshevik Appeal, 1936 111 8. Politics and Propaganda in the ‘Year of Awareness’, 1937 122 9. The Ebb and Flow of Anti-Bolshevism, 1938–39 141 10. Towards Barbarossa and the ‘Final Conflict with Bolshevism’, 1940–41 156 11. The Primacy of Ideology: Anti-Bolshevism in the Context of the ‘Endlösung’, 1941–43 173 v CONTENTS 12. Goebbels, the Antikomintern and the Propaganda Onslaught against Bolshevism, 1941–43 187 13. Occupation and Cooperation: Russians and Europeans against Bolshevism, 1941–43 197 Overview and Epilogue 209 Notes 217 Bibliography 271 Index 287 vi Acronyms and Abbreviations AA Auswärtiges Amt ADAP Akten zur deutschen Auswärtigen Politik AK Antikomintern AGD Auf Gut Deutsch AKND Antikomintern Nachrichtendienst APA Außenpolitisches Amt der NSDAP BBL Bundesarchiv, Berlin-Lichterfelde BK Bundesarchiv, Koblenz CD Ciano’s Diary CDP Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers DAP Deutsche Arbeiter Partei DBFP Documents on British Foreign Policy DGFP Documents on German Foreign Policy DKA Deutsche Kongress Zentrale DNB German Press Division Domarus Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 FO Foreign Office FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States GDAV Gesamtverband Deutscher Antikommunistischer Vereinigungen GPU State Political Direction GSWW Germany and the Second World War Halder-KTB Halder: Kriegstagebuch Hoover Hoover Archives, Stanford University IMT International Military Tribunal JCH Journal of Contemporary History KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (German Communist Party LoC Library of Congress, Washington NARA National Archives, Maryland NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei PAB Politisches Archiv, Bonn vii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS PK Propaganda-Kompanien PRO Public Records Office, London ProMi Propagandaministerium (ministry of propaganda) RFP Review of the Foreign Press RMVP Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda RSA Reden, Schriften, Anordnungen SDFP Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy SHAEF Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force SS Schutzstaffel TBJG Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels UdSSR Union Der Sozialistischen Sowjetrepubliken (USSR) VB Völkischer Beobachter VfZ Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte viii Acknowledgements M y chief debt is to Dr Geoffrey T. Waddington and Professor Edward M. Spiers, for their patience, guidance and encouragement during the preparation of this book. My thanks also go to the staff of the various archives and libraries in which I have undertaken the research. I am very grateful for the expert assistance offered by the staff at the various German archive centres, and at the National Archives, London. I have benefited in particular from the expertise of Dr Miriam LeFloch at the Hoover Institute, Stanford University, and Herr Gregor Pikro at the Bundesarchiv in Koblenz. I must thank the late Professor John Erickson for his valuable advice, and also for permitting me to consult his microfilmed records pertaining to the Anti- Comintern Pact. Dr Geoffrey Stoakes was also kind enough to furnish me with material from his private collection of German records. I would also like especially to thank Professor Bernd Martin for providing me with a copy of the Raumer Manuscript. Professors Sir Ian Kershaw, Paul Preston, Wolfgang Michalka, Lothar Kettenacker, John Gooch and Carl Boyd have also offered valuable advice along the way. The advice and comments of Professor Richard Overy proved especially valuable. I would like to express my sincere thanks to the organiz- ations and institutions that have provided financial support during the preparation of the book. I am especially grateful to the AHRB, both for the original Ph.D. studentship, and for additional funding, which has enabled me to undertake research in Germany. The generous assistance of the German Historical Institute also permitted me to engage in further research at the archives at Berlin-Lichterfelde and Koblenz. A ix
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