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Hitler and abductive logic : the strategy of a tyrant PDF

257 Pages·2014·1.18 MB·English
by  Hitler
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Hitler and Abductive Logic Hitler and Abductive Logic The Strategy of a Tyrant Ben Novak LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•Toronto•Plymouth,UK PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofRowman&Littlefield 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 10ThornburyRoad,PlymouthPL67PP,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2014byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Novak,Ben,1943- Hitlerandabductivelogic:thestrategyofatyrant/BenNovak. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-7391-9224-5(cloth:alkalinepaper)--ISBN978-0-7391-9225-2(electronic) Hitler,Adolf,1889-1945--Psychology.2.Headsofstate--Germany--Psychology.3.Headsofstate-- Germany--Biography.4.Nationalsocialism--Psychologicalaspects.5.Germany--Politicsand government--1933-1945.6.Ideology--Germany--History--20thcentury.7.Abduction(Logic)8. Reasoning.I.Title. DD247.H5N6582014 943.086092--dc23 2014004471 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Contents 1 TheHistoricalProblemofHitler 1 EXAMININGTHEQUESTION 4 InsufficientFacts 4 TheQuestionsAskedoftheFacts 5 Opportunist 6 Demagogue 7 Pawn 9 IntellectualCurrents 10 Economic,Political,andSocialConditions 10 MediumisticPowers 11 PsychologicalInterpretations 12 OtherInterpretations 14 TheHistoricalProblem 15 ConclusionsDrawnfromReviewoftheLiterature 17 TheQuestionSoFarNotInvestigated 18 METHOD 18 Notes 21 2 TheThirdLogic:TheBackgroundandFormalStructureof Abduction 25 THEWORMINTHEAPPLEOFSCIENCE 26 THEDISCOVERYOFATHIRDFORMOFLOGIC 28 THENATUREOFABDUCTION 29 THEFORMALSTRUCTUREOFABDUCTION 30 THESIGNIFICANCEOFTHEFORMALSTRUCTUREOF ABDUCTIONTOTHERISEOFADOLFHITLER:HOW HEEMPLOYEDABDUCTIVELOGIC 35 Notes 39 3 CharacteristicsofAbduction 41 COMPARABLECHARACTERISTICS 43 CertaintyandUncertainty 43 TheInitialImmunityofAbductiontoRefutation 44 Mendaciousness 46 Ampliativity 52 UNIQUECHARACTERISTICSOFABDUCTION 55 Instinct 55 TheDivinatoryPowerofAbduction 57 v vi Contents ThePowerofAbductiveLogicovertheMind 60 CONCLUSION 63 Notes 65 4 AbductiveLogicinLiterature 69 THEDISCOVERYOFABDUCTIONINLITERATURE 71 PARTI:THEPRIVATEDETECTIVESTREAM 74 TheUniquenessoftheDetectiveStory 74 RatiocinativeMan 76 TheCharacteroftheFirstDetectiveHero:C.AugusteDupin 76 TheCharacteroftheMostPopularHero:SherlockHolmes 81 THEPOWEROFABDUCTIVELOGICINDETECTIVE STORIES 85 THEBACKWARDFORMOFTHESTORY 92 Summary 96 PARTII:THETRACKERSTREAM:FROMVOLTAIRETO KARLMAY 96 Voltaire’s“TheTaleofZadig” 97 ThomasHenryHuxleyon“TheMethodofZadig” 99 KarlMay 104 Winnetou:ATextbookonAbductiveLogic 105 ThePlotofWinnetou 105 TheLogicoftheNovel 106 SUMMARY 118 Notes 122 5 TheApplicationofPeirce’sAbductiveTheoryto UnravelingtheMysteryofHitler’sYouth 129 THEUNDISPUTEDFACTSOFHITLER’S TRANSFORMATIONIN1900,ATAGEELEVEN 130 THEBAFFLEMENTOFSCHOLARSATTHETWO MYSTERIESARISINGFROMHITLER’S TRANSFORMATION 131 THENEEDFORANEWAPPROACHANDANEW LOGICTOUNRAVELTHEMYSTERYOFHITLER’SYOUTH 132 CRITIQUEOFTHEESTABLISHEDMETHODOF HISTORICALINVESTIGATION 133 PARTI:PEIRCE’SNEWMETHOD 137 Peirce’sConditionsForTheApplicationOfTheNewLogical Method 137 PresentationOfPeirce’sLogic 138 Peirce’sRulesForTheLogicalAnalysisOfHistoricalTestimony 140 FirstRule:ExplainAlltheFacts 141 SecondRule:AssumethePrincipalTestimoniesAreTrue 141 ThirdRule:BeCarefulofProbabilities 142 Contents vii FourthRule:TraceOuttheLogicalConsequencesofthe Hypothesis 142 FifthRule:EnlargingtheField 143 SixthRule:Economy 144 TestingtheHypothesisSelected 144 PartII:GENERATINGAHYPOTHESIS 146 ExaminingtheFirstPrincipalTestimony:AdolfHitler’sAccount in“MeinKampf” 147 FirstClue:TheUnusualNatureofHitler’sDisputewithHis FatheratThatAge 148 SecondClue:AnAlreadyFormedAttitudetowardWork 149 ThirdClue:TheExistenceofanAntecedentIdea 150 FourthClue:TheDecisionaboutWhichSchooltoAttend 151 AFirstHypothesis 151 SecondHypothesis:TheSourceoftheYoungHitler’s IdentificationofHisOwnFatewiththeGermanPeople 153 ExaminingtheSecondPrincipalTestimony:Hitler’s Headmaster,Dr.EduardHuemer 153 SummaryofHypotheses 155 Notes 155 6 TheGenesisOfTheFuehrer:TheBirthOfHitler’sCharacter 159 HITLERWASABORNGENIUS 159 HITLER’SANECDOTE 160 HITLERBEGINSTHINKINGABOUTAFUTURECAREER (1897) 162 HITLERDISCOVERSABOOKONWAR(1898) 163 GREATNESSREPRIEVED:THEBOERWARBREAKS OUT(1899) 163 THEGREATNESSOFWARREFLECTSONHITLER’S FATHER 165 SCHOOLASREINFORCEMENT(1897–1900) 166 DISTINGUISHINGTHENATUREANDLOGICOF HITLER’SEARLYGENIUS 167 HITLER’SFIRSTIDEALS 169 THEGREATMANDOESNOTWORK 170 HITLER’SCONFLICTWITHHISFATHER(SPRING1900) 173 HITLER’SFATHERMISJUDGESHIM 174 HITLER’SFATHERWANTSHISSONTOBEACIVIL SERVANT 175 FURIOUSARGUMENTS 176 ADOLFENTERSREALSCHULE(SEPTEMBER1900) 177 HITLER’SFOURDILEMMAS 178 HowHitlerResolvestheFirstDilemma:Whattodoabouthis Classmates? 179 viii Contents HitlerResolvestheSecondDilemma:WhattoDoaboutthe ArgumentwithHisFather 180 HitlerResolvestheThirdDilemma:WhattoDoaboutSchool? 180 ANewFactorEntersthePicture:HitlerDiscoversKarlMay 181 KarlMay’sLifelongInfluenceonHitler 184 KarlMay’sInfluenceonWhattoDoaboutSchool 185 HitlerResolvestheFourthDilemma:WhattoDoaboutaCareer 187 KarlMayComestoLinz 188 HowHitler’sDecisiontoBecomeanArtistFitsinwithHis PreviousIdeas 190 THESON’SREBELLION 192 Notes 193 7 InThatHouritBegan 199 ADOLF’SIDEAOFGREATNESS 201 THELOGICOFGREATNESS 202 THEMEANINGOFHISTORY 204 THEBACKWARDNATUREOFHITLER’STHOUGHT 206 THEINFLUENCEOFKARLMAY 208 INTHATHOURITBEGAN 209 NOTEONTHECREDIBILITYOFKUBIZEK’SMEMOIRS 212 Notes 212 8 ClosingArgument:HowDidHeDoIt? 215 FIRSTEXAMPLE:CHARGINGATTENDANCEFEESAT PUBLICRALLIES 217 BackgroundofHitler’sDecisiontoChargeAdmission 218 ConsequencesofChargingAdmissiontoMeetings 220 SECONDEXAMPLE:HITLER’SIDEAOFTHE FUNCTIONOFAPARTYPROGRAM 223 THIRDEXAMPLE:HITLERBUILDSAPARTYMACHINE 226 Background 227 HitlerOrganizestheMembership 228 FOURTHEXAMPLE:HITLERFORBIDSANY PHOTOGRAPHSOFHIMSELF 229 CONCLUSION 231 Notes 232 BIBLIOGRAPHYOFREFERENCESCITED 235 Index 243 AbouttheAuthor 247

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Adolf Hitler is the greatest mystery of the 20th century, and the mystery surrounding him consists of two unanswered questions that have baffled biographers and historians. First, how did he ever rise to power? Second, who was he really?Ben Novak spent fourteen years searching for the secret of Hit
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