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Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris PDF

972 Pages·2001·8.69 MB·English
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PENGUIN BOOKS HITLER 1889 – 1936 ‘An exemplary biography – trenchant, thorough, sane, beautifully organized’ John Gross, Sunday Telegraph, Books of the Year ‘Ian Kershaw’s Hitler counts among the most significant works on contemporary history in the last decades’ Frank Schirrmacher, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ‘This is the most impressive biography of Hitler in the English language… Kershaw’s work supersedes Bullock’s celebrated book in every sense, as well as the excellent book by the late William Carr’ John Lukacs, Spectator ‘What emerges is an entirely original thesis, a new insight into how this uniquely calamitous dictator managed to come so close to fulfilling his terrible aims’ Gitta Sereny, The Times ‘A path-breaking biography [which places] all previous biographies of Hitler in the shade’ Hans Mommsen, Frankfurter Rundschau ‘By the end of this volume, we understand how Hitler could have become so identified with Germany, and it with him. Kershaw is able to clarify, perhaps better than any biographer who preceded him, what made Hitler’s dictatorial power possible’ Walter Reich, The New York Times Book Review ‘It is now perhaps the best explanation in English of why so many Germans subordinated themselves to this absurd, obsessive outsider’ John Simpson, Daily Telegraph, Books of the Year ‘Magisterial’ Anthony Julius, Sunday Telegraph, Books of the Year ‘Compelling… his study will undoubtedly become the standard work, superseding even the superb biographies of Alan Bullock and Joachim Fest’ Piers Brendon, Mail on Sunday ABOUT THE AUTHOR Ian Kershaw is Professor of Modern History at the University of Sheffield and one of the world’s leading authorities on Hitler. He was the historical adviser to the two BBC series The Nazis: A Warning from History and War of the Century. He is also the author of ‘The Hitler Myth’: Image and Reality in the Third Reich, Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in the Third Reich, Bavaria 1933–45 and The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation; the editor of Weimar: Why Did German Democracy Fail? and Hitler: A Profile in Power; and co-editor, with Moshe Lewin, of Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison. Hitler 1889–19 36: Hubris was shortlisted for the 1998 Whitbread Biography Award and the first Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-Fiction. Hitler 1936–1945: Nemesis was shortlisted for the 2000 Whitbread Biography Award, and was awarded the Bruno Kreisky Prize in Austria for the Political Book of the Year and the Wolfson Literary Award for History for 2000. HITLER 1889–1936: HUBRIS Ian Kershaw PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN BOOKS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Putnam Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 Penguin Books India (P) Ltd, 11, Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Books (NZ) Ltd, Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England On the World Wide Web at: www.penguin.com First published by Allen Lane The Penguin Press 1998 Published in Penguin Books 1999 Published in this format in Penguin Books 2001 13 Copyright © Ian Kershaw, 1998 All rights reserved Extracts from the translation of Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler are reproduced by permission of Random House The moral right of the author has been asserted Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser ISBN: 978-0-14-192579-0 Contents List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgements Reflecting on Hitler 1. Fantasy and Failure 2. Drop-out 3. Elation and Embitterment 4. Discovering a Talent 5. The Beerhall Agitator 6. The ‘Drummer’ 7. Emergence of the Leader 8. Mastery over the Movement 9. Breakthrough 10. Levered into Power 11. The Making of the Dictator 12. Securing Total Power 13. Working Towards the Führer Glossary of Abbreviations Notes List of Works Cited Index LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Every effort has been made to contact all copyright holders. The publishers will be glad to make good in future editions any errors or omissions brought to their attention. (Photographic acknowledgements are given in brackets.) 1. Adolf Hitler in his Leonding school photo (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 2. Klara Hitler (Ullstein Bilderdienst, Berlin) 3. Alois Hitler (Ullstein Bilderdienst, Berlin) 4. Karl Lueger (Hulton Getty, London) 5. August Kubizek (The Wiener Library, London) 6. The crowd in Odeonsplatz, Munich, 2 August 1914 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 7. Hitler with Ernst Schmidt and Anton Bachmann (Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) 8. German soldiers on the Western Front (Hulton Getty, London) 9. Armed members of the KPD Sektion Neuhausen (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 10. Counterrevolutionary Freikorps troops entering Munich (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 11. Anton Drexler (Hulton Getty, London) 12. Ernst Röhm (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 13. Hitler’s DAP membership card (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 14. Hitler speaking on the Marsfeld (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 15. NSDAP mass meeting, Munich, 1923 (Collection Rudolf Herz, Munich) 16. Paramilitary organizations on ‘German Day’, 1923 (Collection Rudolf Herz, Munich) 17. Alfred Rosenberg, Hitler, Friedrich Weber and Christian Weber (Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) 18. Armed SA men manning a barricade (Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich) 19. Armed putschists from the area around Munich (Stadtsmuseum, Landeshaupstadt Munich) 20. Defendants at the trial of the putschists (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 21. Hitler immediately after his release from imprisonment (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 22. Hitler in Landsberg (Bibliothek für Zeitgeschichte, Stuttgart) 23. Hitler in Bavarian costume (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 24. Hitler in a raincoat (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 25. Hitler with his alsatian, Prinz (Collection Rudolf Herz, Munich) 26. The Party Rally, Weimar, July 1926 (Ullstein Bilderdienst, Berlin) 27. The Party Rally, Nuremberg, August 1927 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 28. Hitler in SA uniform (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 29. Hitler in rhetorical pose (Karl Stehle, Munich) 30. Hitler speaking to the NSDAP leadership (Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) 31. Geli Raubal and Hitler (David Gainsborough Roberts) 32. Eva Braun (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 33. Reich President Paul von Hindenburg (AKG London) 34. Reich Chancellor Heinrich Brüning with Benito Mussolini (AKG London) 35. Reich Chancellor Franz von Papen with State Secretary Dr Otto Meissner (Bundesarchiv, Koblenz) 36. Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 37. Ernst Thälmann (Hulton Getty, London) 38. Nazi election poster, 1932 (AKG London) 39. Candidate placards for the presidential election (Bundesarchiv, Koblenz) 40. Discussion at Neudeck (AKG London) 41. Reich Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher (AKG London) 42. Hitler in evening dress (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 43. Hitler bows to Reich President von Hindenburg (AKG London) 44. SA violence against Communists (AKG London) 45. The boycott of Jewish doctors (AKG London) 46. An elderly Jew being taken into custody (AKG London) 47. Hindenburg and Hitler on the ‘Day of National Labour’ (AKG London) 48. Hitler with Ernst Rohm (Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich) 49. Postcard designed by Hans von Norden (Karl Stehle, Munich) 50. Postcard: ‘The Führer as animal-lover’ (Karl Stehle, Munich) 51. Hitler justifying the ‘Röhm purge’ (Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin) 52. Hitler, Professor Leonhard Gall, and architect Albert Speer (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 53. Hitler with young Bavarians (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 54. The Mercedes-Benz showroom at Lenbachplatz, Munich (Stadtarchiv, Landeshauptstadt Munich) 55. Hitler with Karl Krause, Albert Vögler, Fritz Thyssen and Walter Borbet (AKG London) 56. ‘Hitler in his Mountains’: Heinrich Hoffmann publication (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 57. New recruits at the Feldherrnhalle, 1935 (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich) 58. German troops entering the Rhineland (AKG London)

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Ian Kershaw's "Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris" charts the rise of Adolf Hitler, from a bizarre misfit in a Viennese dosshouse, to dictatorial leadership. With extraordinary skill and vividness, drawing on a huge range of sources, Kershaw recreates the world which first thwarted and then nurtured Hitler in
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